词条 | Colfax, Washington |
释义 |
|official_name = Colfax |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = ColfaxWA1.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Colfax, looking southeast |image_flag = |image_seal = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = Whitman_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Colfax_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Colfax, Washington |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |coordinates = {{coord|46|53|N|117|22|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name1 = Washington |subdivision_name2 = Whitman |established_title = |established_date = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Strong Mayor |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = G Todd Vanek |leader_title1 = City Administrator |leader_name1 = Dodd Snodgrass |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [1] |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 9.79 |area_total_sq_mi = 3.78 |area_land_km2 = 9.79 |area_land_sq_mi = 3.78 |area_water_km2 = 0.01 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 601 |elevation_ft = 1972 |population_total = 2805 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_density_km2 = 296.33 |population_density_sq_mi = 767.40 |population_est = 2900 |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |pop_est_footnotes = [3] |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 99111 |area_code = 509 |area_code_type = Area code |website = http://www.colfaxwa.org/ |footnotes = | unemployment_rate = |timezone = Pacific (PST) |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = -7 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 53-13785 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1533329[2] | Mayor = G. Todd Vanek }}Colfax is the county seat of Whitman County, Washington, United States.[3] The population was 2,805 at the 2010 census. The population is estimated at 2,826 per the State of Washington Office of Financial Management in 2015 making Colfax the second largest city in Whitman County behind Pullman. It is situated amidst wheat-covered hills in a valley at the confluence of the north and south forks of the Palouse River. U.S. Route 195, which forms the town's main street, intersects with State Route 26 at the north end of town; in the past, Colfax also lay at the junction of three major railway lines. It was named after Schuyler Colfax, the vice president from 1869-73. HistoryPalouse Indians were the first known human inhabitants of the Colfax area. White settlers arrived in the summer of 1870, and soon built a sawmill. A flour mill and other businesses followed, and Colfax soon grew into a prosperous town. Originally, pioneer citizen James Perkins called the settlement "Belleville" in honor of his girlfriend; when he found a new love, he changed the town's name to Colfax[4] for then-Vice President Schuyler Colfax.[5][6]Colfax was officially incorporated on November 29, 1873. In 1889–90, the town vied with several other finalists to become the site of a new state agricultural college, present-day Washington State University. The honor ultimately fell to nearby Pullman, {{convert|15|mi}} southeast. The early history of Colfax was marred by prominent lynchings in 1894 and 1898.[5] Until passed by Pullman at the 1930 census, Colfax was the largest city in the county. Notable people{{div col}}
Geography and climateColfax is located in southeastern Washington at {{coord|46|53|3|N|117|21|49|W|type:city}} (46.884033, -117.363668),[8] at an elevation of {{convert|1962|ft|m}}. The nearest cities are Spokane, Pullman, Moscow, and Lewiston/Clarkston. The area is geologically interesting, lying in the midst of the fertile Palouse country in the middle of the Columbia River Plateau, with the Rocky Mountains to the east, the Channeled Scablands to the west, and the Snake River to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|3.79|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.[9] The Palouse River, confined for flood control to a concrete bed that reduces it to an eighteen-inch-wide stream during the dry season, runs through the middle of town, parallel to Main Street. Colfax has a four-season continental climate (Köppen Dsb), with hot, dry summers, cold winters, and a rainy season that generally runs from autumn til spring. The annual rainfall averages less than {{convert|20|in|mm}} a year. This climate, together with the deep, rich palouse topsoil, makes for near-ideal wheat growing conditions. {{Weather box|single line= yes |location= Colfax, Washington (1971–2000) |Jan record high F = 63 |Feb record high F = 67 |Mar record high F = 78 |Apr record high F = 93 |May record high F = 98 |Jun record high F = 102 |Jul record high F = 110 |Aug record high F = 108 |Sep record high F = 103 |Oct record high F = 95 |Nov record high F = 75 |Dec record high F = 65 |year record high F= |Jan high F= 37.4 |Feb high F= 43.5 |Mar high F= 51.2 |Apr high F= 58.9 |May high F= 66.8 |Jun high F= 73.9 |Jul high F= 82.7 |Aug high F= 83.3 |Sep high F= 74.6 |Oct high F= 62.0 |Nov high F= 45.6 |Dec high F= 37.6 |Jan mean F= 30.9 |Feb mean F= 35.3 |Mar mean F= 41.0 |Apr mean F= 47.3 |May mean F= 54.1 |Jun mean F= 60.5 |Jul mean F= 66.6 |Aug mean F= 66.4 |Sep mean F= 58.2 |Oct mean F= 47.7 |Nov mean F= 37.8 |Dec mean F= 31.3 |Jan low F= 24.3 |Feb low F= 27.0 |Mar low F= 30.8 |Apr low F= 35.7 |May low F= 41.3 |Jun low F= 47.0 |Jul low F= 50.4 |Aug low F= 49.4 |Sep low F= 41.7 |Oct low F= 33.3 |Nov low F= 29.9 |Dec low F= 24.9 |Jan record low F = -32 |Feb record low F = -23 |Mar record low F = -5 |Apr record low F = 10 |May record low F = 16 |Jun record low F = 23 |Jul record low F = 24 |Aug record low F = 24 |Sep record low F = 19 |Oct record low F = -1 |Nov record low F = -11 |Dec record low F = -33 |year record low F= |Jan precipitation inch= 2.33 |Feb precipitation inch= 1.94 |Mar precipitation inch= 2.02 |Apr precipitation inch= 1.73 |May precipitation inch= 1.80 |Jun precipitation inch= 1.37 |Jul precipitation inch= 0.72 |Aug precipitation inch= 0.72 |Sep precipitation inch= 0.73 |Oct precipitation inch= 1.20 |Nov precipitation inch= 2.55 |Dec precipitation inch= 2.93 |source 1= NOAA (normals, 1971–2000) [10] |date=April 2011}} Community resourcesTourist attractions
Public services, businesses, and churchesAmong the town's other amenities are Leonard Jennings Elementary School, Colfax High School, Whitman Community Hospital, multiple retirement facilities (Hill-Ray Plaza, Whitman Nursing Home, and The Courtyard), Paul's Place Assisted Living, eleven city parks, a skateboard park, a swimming pool and a public library that was recently named among the best in Washington State. As the county seat, Colfax is also home to the Whitman County Courthouse and the Whitman County Jail. The local government consists of a seven-member City Council and a mayor (currently G. Todd Vanek, in his second term). There is a small assortment of businesses, including building and farm supply stores, a medium-sized grocery (Rosauers), a pharmacy, two hotels (Best Western and Siesta Motel), a Bed & Breakfast guesthouse, a fitness center, a florist, a coffee stall, four gift shops, a pawn shop, and ten restaurants. Local service-based businesses include lawyers, dentists, auto mechanics, banks, and retirement homes. Switchboard.com lists nine churches in Colfax, including one Catholic Church, Peace Lutheran Church, one congregation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (aka LDS or Mormon), Colfax Assembly (Assemblies of God), Colfax Nazarene Church, First Baptist Church, United Methodist Church, and the Community Bible Church. A weekly newspaper called Whitman County Gazette is published in Colfax. In addition, The Daily Bulletin, a one-page paper with daily news and advertisements, is published in Colfax. The Moscow-Pullman Daily News also carries quite a bit of local news. Annual Colfax events
Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 444 |1890= 1649 |1900= 2121 |1910= 2783 |1920= 3027 |1930= 2782 |1940= 2853 |1950= 3057 |1960= 2860 |1970= 2664 |1980= 2780 |1990= 2713 |2000= 2844 |2010= 2805 |estyear=2017 |estimate=2900 |estref=[11] |footnote=Sources:[12] 2015 Estimate[14] }} The population has hovered near 3,000 since 1910.[15] 2010 censusAs of the census[16] of 2010, there were 2,805 people, 1,236 households, and 718 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|740.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,405 housing units at an average density of {{convert|370.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population. There were 1,236 households of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.9% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the city was 42.7 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 21.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. 2000 censusAs of the 2000 census, there were 2,844 people, 1,191 households, and 740 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,705.6 people per square mile (657.5/km²). There were 1,357 housing units at an average density of 813.8 per square mile (313.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.16% White, 0.25% African American, 0.84% Native American, 2.07% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population. There were 1,191 households out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years, well above the national average of 35.3—possibly due to the presence of several retirement communities. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,622, and the median income for a family was $47,589. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $26,349 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,519. About 6.1% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. TransportationColfax lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 195 and State Route 26, which provide onward connections to Seattle, Spokane, and Pullman. The city is infamous for speed traps, with a {{convert|25|mph|kph}} speed limit on US 195 within city limits, and increases enforcement during Washington State University events, including football games.[17] References1. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 28, 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }} 4. ^LaFollette, Taber, The History of Colfax, Colfax History Committee, 1956, p. 8. 5. ^1 {{Cite book| last = Majors | first = Harry M. | title = Exploring Washington | publisher = Van Winkle Publishing Co | year = 1975 | page = 143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoWrPQAACAAJ| isbn = 978-0-918664-00-6}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Meany|first=Edmond S.|title=Origin of Washington geographic names|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027074981;view=1up;seq=68|year=1923|publisher=University of Washington Press|location=Seattle|page=52}} 7. ^Waugh, Lisa. "Oscar expert held court with Hollywood's elite", CNN Interactive, March 20, 1998 (Full Text) 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-12-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68hmXDfkx?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-06-26 |df= }} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim81/WAnorm.pdf |title=Climatography of the United States NO.81 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=January 11, 2011 }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 12. ^Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 317. 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 4, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015-3.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 9, 2016}} 15. ^Erickson, Edith E. Colfax 100 Plus, 1981, p. 64 (privately printed) 16. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-12-19}} 17. ^{{cite news |last=Hallenberg |first=Pia |date=September 30, 2016 |title=Colfax speed trap the ultimate Cougar-catcher |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2016/sep/30/colfax-speed-trap-the-ultimate-cougar-catcher/ |work=Spokesman-Review |accessdate=November 22, 2018}} External links
5 : Cities in Washington (state)|Cities in Whitman County, Washington|County seats in Washington (state)|Populated places established in 1873|1873 establishments in Washington Territory |
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