| 词条 | Common quail | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Common quail | image = A_common_quail_in_Lebanon.jpg | image_caption = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Coturnix | species = coturnix | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms = Tetrao coturnix {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}} }} The common quail (Coturnix coturnix) or European quail is a small ground-nesting game bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. Coturnix is the Latin for this species.[2] With its characteristic call of "wet my lips", this species of quail is more often heard than seen. It is widespread in Europe and North Africa, and is categorised by the IUCN as "least concern". It should not be confused with the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, native to Asia, which, although visually similar, has a very distinct call. Like the Japanese quail, common quails are sometimes kept as poultry. DescriptionIt is a small, round bird, essentially streaked brown with a white eyestripe, and, in the male, a white chin. As befits its migratory nature, it has long wings, unlike the typically short-winged gamebirds. It measures roughly {{convert|7.1|-|8.62|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip}} and weighs {{convert|3.2|-|4.62|oz|g|abbr=on|order=flip}} HabitsThis is a terrestrial species, feeding on seeds and insects on the ground. It is notoriously difficult to see, keeping hidden in crops, and reluctant to fly, preferring to creep away instead. Even when flushed, it keeps low and soon drops back into cover. Often the only indication of its presence is the distinctive "wet-my-lips" repetitive song of the male. The call is uttered mostly in the mornings, evenings and sometimes at night. It is a strongly migratory bird, unlike most game birds. BreedingUpon attaining an age of 6–8 weeks, this quail breeds on open arable farmland and grassland across most of Europe and Asia, laying 6-12 eggs in a ground nest. The eggs take from 16–18 days to hatch. SubspeciesThis species was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema naturae in 1758 as Tetrao coturnix.[4] The Eurasian subspecies, C. c. coturnix, overwinters southwards in Africa's Sahel and India. The populations on Madeira and the Canary Islands belong to the nominate subspecies. The African subspecies, C. c. africana, described by Temminck and Schlegel, in 1849, is known as the African quail. It overwinters in Africa, some moving northwards from South Africa. The common quails of Madagascar and the Comoros belong to the same African subspecies, although those found around Ethiopia make up a different subspecies, the Abyssinian quail, C. c. erlangeri (Zedlitz, 1912). The fairly numerous[5] population of the Cape Verde islands, belong to a separate subspecies, C. c. inopinata, (described by Hartert in 1917), while those on the Azores belong to subspecies C. c. conturbans (Hartert, 1920) UtilizationExodus 16:1-13 relates how the migrating Israelites asked God for meat and were provided with a massive flock of migrating quail, although this translation from the Hebrew is questionable. It is still heavily hunted as game on passage through the Mediterranean area. This species over recent years has seen an increase in its propagation in the United States and Europe. However, most of this increase is with hobbyists. In 1537, Queen Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, then pregnant with the future King Edward VI, developed an insatiable craving for quail, and courtiers and diplomats abroad were ordered to find sufficient supplies for the Queen. PoisoningIf they have eaten certain plants, although which plants is still in debate, the meat from quail can be poisonous, with one in four who consume poisonous flesh becoming ill with coturnism, which is characterized by muscle soreness, and which may lead to kidney failure.[3][4][5] GallerySee also
References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22678944 |title=Coturnix coturnix |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} [6][7]2. ^{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 |page =120}} 3. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Korkmaz I, Kukul Güven FM, Eren SH, Dogan Z |title=Quail Consumption Can Be Harmful |journal=J Emerg Med |volume= 41|issue= 5|pages= 499–502|date=October 2008 |pmid=18963719 |doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.03.045 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736-4679(08)00470-8}} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsironi M, Andriopoulos P, Xamodraka E |title=The patient with rhabdomyolysis: have you considered quail poisoning? |journal=CMAJ |volume=171 |issue=4 |pages=325–6 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15313988 |pmc=509041 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.1031256 |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15313988|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^{{cite journal | author=Ouzounellis T | title=Some notes on quail poisoning | journal=JAMA |date=16 February 1970 |volume=211 | issue=7 | pages=1186–7 | pmid=4904256 | doi=10.1001/jama.1970.03170070056017}} 6. ^1 E. Krabbe, 2003{{full citation needed|date=November 2012}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |authorlink=Carl Linnaeus |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. |location=Holmiae (Stockholm) |publisher=Laurentii Salvii|year=1758 |quote=T. pedibus nudis, corpore griseo-maculate, supercilií albis, rectricibus margine lunulaque ferruginea. |pages=161 |language=la}} }} External links{{Commons category|Coturnix coturnix}}{{Wikispecies|Coturnix coturnix}}
5 : Coturnix|Birds of Europe|Birds of Asia|Birds described in 1758|Quails |
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