| 词条 | Cynan Dindaethwy |
| 释义 |
Cynan Dindaethwy ({{lang-en|"Cynan of Dindaethwy"}}) or Cynan ap Rhodri ("Cynan son of Rhodri") was a king of Gwynedd (reigned c. 798 – c. 816) in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd upon the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798. His epithet refers to the commote of Dindaethwy in the cantref Rhosyr. Unlike later kings of Gwynedd, usually resident at Aberffraw in western Anglesey, Cynan maintained his court at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast.[1] Cynan's reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with a rival named Hywel, usually supposed to be his brother. There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810, there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy, the ancient wooden court of Maelgwn Gwynedd, was struck by lightning. A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on Anglesey between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as Lloyd's History of Wales,[2] although Lloyd does not cite its source. The Annals of Wales mention the pair only by name, without any title, relation, or patronym.[3] (In comparison, it takes care to point out the brotherly nature of Elisedd's slaughter of Gruffydd ap Cyngen in Powys around the same time.) The genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 deny Cynan and Hywel were brothers at all, instead making Hywel the son of Caradog ap Meirion[4] and a distant cousin of Cynan Dindaethwy son of Rhodri Molwynog.[5] The Harleian genealogies agree with this.[6] Cynan died within a year of his exile according to the Annals of Wales[7] and the Irish Annals.[8] After Cynan's death, there was a battle at his former court at Llanfaes on Anglesey noted by the chronicles,[9] but the combatants are not identified.[10] Cynan's daughter Esyllt became the mother of Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad, the first King of Gwynedd (825-844) known not to have descended from the male line of Cunedda. See also
Notes1. ^{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=232}}, A History of Wales, Vol I 2. ^{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=231}}, A History of Wales 3. ^{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=163–164}}, Annales Cambriae 4. ^{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=89}} — his pedigree is given as: Howel. M. Crada6c. M. meircha6n. M. Howel. M. Runya6n. M. Einya6n. M. Idwm. M. Cadwall. M. meic. M. Ewein. M. Cenlas. M. Ewein danwyn. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Cuneda Wledic. 5. ^{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}} — his pedigree is given as: ... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ..., and from there back to Cunedda. 6. ^{{Harvcolnb|Owen|1841|pp=xiv}}, Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel, in the Preface of Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales — his pedigree is given as: ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ..., and from there back through Maelgwn Gwynedd to Cunedda and his ancestors. 7. ^{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} — 816, the Annales Cambriae 8. ^{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|pp=389}}, the Chronicon Hyense — year 816, "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est" 9. ^{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} — 818, the Annales Cambriae 10. ^Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the Mercians, by Ecgberht of Wessex, or by the Vikings, but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's court, it could as easily have been a struggle between Hywel and remnants of Cynan's supporters. ReferencesCitations{{Reflist}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|last=Davies |first=John |author-link=John Davies (historian) |year=1990 |contribution= |title=A History of Wales |edition=First |publisher=Penguin Group |publication-date=1993 |publication-place=London |pages= |isbn=0-7139-9098-8 }}
|last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd |year = 1911 |contribution= |title = A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest |volume=I |edition=2nd |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co |publication-date=1912 |publication-place=London |pages= |url = https://books.google.com/?id=NYwNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover }}
|year=1841 |date= |editor-last=Owen |editor-first=Aneurin |editor-link= |contribution= |contribution-url= |title=Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales |volume=I |publisher= |publication-date=1841 |publication-place= |pages= |url = https://books.google.com/?id=EzZnAAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepage }}
|year = 1829 |editor-last=Parry |editor-first=Henry (translator) |editor-link= |contribution=Brut y Saeson |contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=28A1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA59 |title=Archaeologia Cambrensis |volume=IX |series=Third |issue=XXXIII |publisher=J. Russell Smith |publication-date=1863 |publication-place=London |page=59–67 |url= }}
|year=1887 |editor-last=Phillimore |editor-first=Egerton |editor-link= |contribution=Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20 |contribution-url= |title=Y Cymmrodor |volume=VIII |publisher=Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion |publication-date=1887 |publication-place= |pages=77–92 |url = https://archive.org/details/ycymmrodor08cymmuoft }}
|last=Phillimore |first=Egerton |author-link= |year=1888 |editor-last=Phillimore |editor-first=Egerton |editor-link= |contribution=The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859 |contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aFMrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA141 |title=Y Cymmrodor |volume=IX |publisher=Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion |publication-date=1888 |publication-place= |pages=141–183 |url= }}
|last= |first= |author-link= |year=1857 |editor-last=Reeves |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Reeves (bishop) |contribution=Additional Notes (Chronicon Hyense) |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mQJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA369 |title=The Life of St. Columba, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations |publisher=Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society |publication-date=1857 |publication-place=Dublin |pages=369–413 |url= }}
|year=1867 |editor-last=Skene |editor-first=William Forbes |editor-link=William Forbes Skene |contribution= |title=Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History |publisher=Edinburgh General Register House |publication-date=1867 |publication-place=Edinburgh |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=4DoUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage }}{{refend}}{{-}}{{s-start}}{{s-reg}}{{succession box|before=Caradog ap Meirion|title=King of Gwynedd|years=798 – 816|after=Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog}}{{s-end}}{{Wales topics}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri}} 5 : 8th-century births|Monarchs of Gwynedd|810s deaths|8th-century Welsh monarchs|9th-century Welsh monarchs |
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