| 词条 | Abdirashid Shermarke |
| 释义 |
|name=Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي |nationality=Somali |image=Abdirashid Ali Shermarke1.jpg |office1= 2nd President of Somalia |term_start1=June 10, 1967[1] |term_end1=October 15, 1969[1] |primeminister1= Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal |predecessor1=Aden Abdullah Osman Daar |successor1=Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein |office2=3rd Prime Minister of Somalia |term_start2=12 July 1960 |term_end2=14 June 1964 |predecessor2=Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal |successor2=Abdirizak Haji Hussein |birth_date= {{birth date|1919|06|08}}[3] |birth_place=Harardhere, Mudug |death_date={{death date and age|1969|10|15|1919|06|08}}[4] |death_place=Las Anod, Somalia |spouse= |party=Somali Youth League (SYL) |vicepresident= |signature=Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke signature.svg |alma_mater=Sapienza University of Rome }} Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ({{lang-so|Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke}}, {{lang-ar|عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي}}) (June 8, 1919[1][2][3] – October 15, 1969), also known as Abdirashid Shermarke[4], was Prime Minister of Somalia from July 12, 1960, to June 14, 1964, and President of Somalia from June 10, 1967, until his assassination on October 15, 1969.[5] He was the father of Somali Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. Early yearsSharmarke was born in 1919 in the town of Harardhere in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.[1][6] His father hailed from the Majeerteen Osman Mohamoud clan and his mother from the Habar Gidir (Sacaad Siciid) clan.[7] Raised in Mogadishu by his mother, Sharmarke attended Qur'anic schools and completed his elementary education in 1936. He then embarked on a career as a trader and later as a civil servant in the Italian colonial administration. In 1943, the year of its inauguration, Sharmarke joined the incipient Somali Youth League political party. He entered the British administration's civil service the following year. While still a civil servant, Sharmarke completed his secondary education in 1953. He earned a scholarship to study at the Sapienza University of Rome, where he obtained a BA in Political Science.[8] In 1960, his son, Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, who would later become Prime Minister of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, was born. Political careerAfter returning from his studies abroad in Italy in 1959, Sharmarke was elected to the Legislative Assembly. When Somalia gained its independence on July 1, 1960, he was appointed by then-incumbent President Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as Prime Minister. Sharmarke's duties as Prime Minister saw him travel abroad extensively in pursuit of a non-aligned and neutral foreign policy. He remained Prime Minister until March 1964, when the first general elections were held and which saw him re-elected as a member of Parliament. In the 1967 presidential elections, Sharmarke beat out Daar to become the second President of Somalia. He was sworn into office on June 10, 1967. AssassinationIn 1968, Sharmarke narrowly escaped an assassination attempt. A grenade exploded near the car that was transporting him back from the airport, but failed to kill him.[9] On October 15, 1969, while paying an official visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Sharmarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards.[9][10] On duty outside the guest-house where the president was staying, the officer fired an automatic rifle at close range, instantly killing Sharmarke. Observers suggested that the assassination was inspired by personal rather than political motives.[9] Sharmarke's assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on October 21, 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition — essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Muhammad Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army. See also
Notes1. ^1 2 Rulers.org profile - Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 2. ^Encyclopaedia Hispano-Americana, supplement 1969-1970, p.289. 3. ^Arab Observer, Issues 185-197, (University of California: 1964), p.32. 4. ^Farley, Benjamin R. "Calling a state a state: Somaliland and international recognition." Emory Int'l L. Rev. 24 (2010): 777. 5. ^1 2 Somalia - Worldstatesmen.com 6. ^In commemoration of the late Somali President Abdirashid Ali sharmarke 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Samatar|first1=Said|title=Somalia|date=1991|publisher=MRG|page=17|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=2GFyAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2014}} 8. ^Europa Publications Limited, p.970. 9. ^1 2 3 Colin Legum, John Drysdale, Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents, Volume 2, (Africa Research Limited., 1970), p.B-174. 10. ^Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290. References
| last = Europa Publications Limited | title = The Middle East and North Africa, Volume 17 | publisher = Europa Publications | date = 1970 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mWy6AAAAIAAJ}}{{S-start}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before = Aden Abdullah Osman Daar| title = President of Somalia| years = 1967–1969 | after = Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein }}{{succession box | before = Abdullahi Issa| title = Prime Minister of Somalia| years = 1960-1964 | after = Abdirizak Haji Hussein }}{{s-end}}{{Presidents of Somalia}}{{SomaliaPMs}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharmarke, Abdirashid Ali}} 12 : 1919 births|1969 deaths|Murder in 1969|Assassinated heads of state|Assassinated Somalian politicians|Leaders ousted by a coup|Presidents of Somalia|People murdered in Somalia|Deaths by firearm in Somalia|Sapienza University of Rome alumni|Somali Youth League politicians|People from Mudug |
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