| 词条 | Denise Bloch | ||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix = |name =Denise Bloch |honorific_suffix = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |image =Denise Bloch.jpg |image_size =175px |alt = |caption = |birth_date ={{birth date|1916|01|21|df=y}} |death_date ={{Death date and age|1945|02|05|1916|01|21|df=y}} |birth_place =Paris, France |death_place =Ravensbrück concentration camp |placeofburial = |placeofburial_label = |placeofburial_coordinates = |nickname =Ambroise |birth_name = |allegiance ={{flag|United Kingdom|23px}} {{flag|France|23px}} |branch =Women's Transport Service (FANY) Special Operations Executive, French Resistance |serviceyears =1942–1945/1943–1945 (SOE) |rank = |servicenumber = |unit =Clergyman Detective |commands = |battles = |battles_label = |awards =King's Commendation for Brave Conduct Légion d'honneur Médaille de la Résistance Croix de Guerre |spouse = |relations = |laterwork = |signature = |website = }} Denise Madeleine Bloch ({{IPA-fr|dəniz blɔʃ|-|Fr-Denise Bloch.ogg}}; 21 January 1916 – 5 February 1945) was a French secret agent working with the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the Second World War. Early lifeBorn to a Jewish family (Jacques Henri Bloch and Suzanne Levi-Strauss) in Barrault, Paris, France in 1916, Bloch had three brothers. Before the war, she was a secretary at Citroën. As the family were Jewish, they were rounded up by the Gestapo in 1942 in occupied France. Special Operations ExecutiveHer job at Citroen was as secretary to Lieutenant Jean Maxime Aron (code name 'Joseph') who was also a Jewish Resistance leader in France. Bloch was recruited in Lyon to work for the SOE. She began resistance work with SOE radio operator Brian Stonehouse until his arrest near the end of October that year. Following Stonehouse's capture, she went into hiding until early 1943 when she was put in touch with SOE agents George Reginald Starr and Philippe de Vomécourt. She began working with them in the town of Agen, in the southern French department of Lot-et-Garonne. However, it was decided to send her to London and accompanied by another agent, she walked across the Pyrenees mountains making their way to Gibraltar and eventually London. There, SOE trained her as a wireless operator in preparation for a return to France. On 2 March 1944, with fellow SOE agent Robert Benoist, she was dropped back into central France. Working in the Nantes area, the pair re-established contact with SOE agent and Benoist's fellow racing car driver, Jean-Pierre Wimille. However, in June, both she and Benoist were arrested and Bloch was interrogated and tortured before being shipped to Germany. She was held in prisons at Torgau in Saxony and at Königsberg in Brandenburg, where she suffered from exposure, cold and malnutrition. Bloch was eventually sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp. Sometime between 25 January 1945 and 5 February she was executed by the Germans, and her body was disposed of in the crematorium. She was 29. Lilian Rolfe and Violette Szabo, two other female members of the SOE held at Ravensbrück, were executed at about the same time. In May, just days before the German surrender, SOE agent Cecily Lefort was also executed. It is alleged that SS-Sturmbannführer Horst Kopkow was involved in the arrest and killing of these SOE agents. Bloch's family gravesite at the Montmartre Cemetery in Paris memorialises her life and execution. Posthumous awardsIn Britain, Bloch is commemorated in column 3 of panel 26 of the Brookwood Memorial as one of 3,500 “to whom war denied a known and honoured grave”.[1] She was posthumously awarded the "King's Commendation for Brave Conduct" by Great Britain. In France, posthumous honours include the Legion of Honour; the Resistance Medal and the Croix de Guerre avec Palme. As one of the SOE agents who died for the liberation of France, she is listed on the "Roll of Honour" on the Valençay SOE Memorial in the town of Valençay, in the department of Indre. She is also remembered on the FANY memorial in Wilton Road, Kensington, and at the Jewish Home for the Elderly at Nightingale House in Clapham, where a plaque in memory of her and two other SOE agents who were trained in a building on that site was unveiled by Princess Anne in 2015. This and one other SOE plaque, that of Muriel Byck in Taunton, have Hebrew quotes from the Book of Joshua in the women's honour.
Sources and external links
References1. ^Register from record of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission [Brookwood Memorial], May 2012 {{DEFAULTSORT:Bloch, Denise}} 18 : 1916 births|1945 deaths|People from Paris|French Resistance members|Jews in the French resistance|Female wartime spies|Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur|People who died in Ravensbrück concentration camp|Spies who died in Nazi concentration camps|Women in World War II|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|British military personnel killed in World War II|French people executed in Nazi concentration camps|Female recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)|French Special Operations Executive personnel|Jewish military personnel|French Jews who died in the Holocaust|Recipients of the Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct |
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