“Able Danger”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Able Danger was a classified military planning effort led by the U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). It was created as a result of a directive from the Joint Chiefs of Staff in early October 1999 by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Hugh Shelton, to develop an information operations campaign plan against transnational terrorism.

According to statements by Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer and those of four others, Able Danger had identified 2 of 3 al-Qaeda cells active in the 9/11 attacks; the 'Brooklyn cell' linked to "Blind Sheik" Omar Abdel-Rahman, including September 11 attacks leader Mohamed Atta, and three of the 9/11 plot's other 19 hijackers.

In December 2006, a sixteen-month investigation by the US Senate Intelligence Committee concluded "Able Danger did not identify Mohamed Atta or any other 9/11 hijacker at any time prior to September 11, 2001", and dismissed other assertions that have fueled 9/11 conspiracy theories. The Senate Judiciary Committee first attempted to investigate the matter for the Senate in September, 2005. The Pentagon "ordered five key witnesses not to testify", according to Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Arlen Specter. "That looks to me as if it may be obstruction of the committee's activities", Specter, R-Pennsylvania, said at the start of his committee's hearing into the unit.^[1]

Attorney Mark Zaid, representing Lt. Colonel Anthony Shaffer and the other four Able Danger employees at the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in September 2005, pointed out to the Committee that his clients had been forbidden by the Pentagon to testify to the Committee. He also discussed the Defense Intelligence Agency's decision to suspend Lt. Colonel Shaffer's security clearance shortly after it became known that he had provided information to the 9/11 Commission on Able Danger. "Based on years of experience I can say categorically that the basis for the revocation was questionable at best."^[2]

An investigation by the Defense Department Inspector General's office (IG) in September 2006 concluded that "the evidence did not support assertions that Able Danger identified the September 11, 2001, terrorists nearly a year before the attack, that Able Danger team members were prohibited from sharing information with law enforcement authorities, or that DoD officials acted against LTC Shaffer for his disclosures regarding Able Danger." However, some of the people questioned by the IG claimed their statements to the IG were distorted by investigators in the final IG's report, and the report omitted essential information that they had provided. Lt. Col Tony Shaffer has claimed that the DOD retaliated against him for speaking out publicly about the IG report's distortions.^[4]

The Senate panel of investigators said there was no evidence DoD lawyers stopped analysts from sharing findings with the FBI before the attacks. Analysts had created charts that included pictures of then-known Al Qaeda operatives, but none including Atta. A follow-up chart made after the attacks did show Atta. The Senate Committee said its findings were consistent with those of the DoD inspector general, released in September 2006.

Overview

The program used data mining techniques to associate open source information with classified information in an attempt to make connections among individual members of terrorist groups as part of its original "intelligence preparation of the battlespace". The objective of this particular project was to ascertain whether the data mining techniques and open source material were effective tools in determining terrorist activities, and if the resultant data could be used to create operational plans that could be executed in a timely fashion to interrupt, capture and/or destroy terrorists or their cells.^[6]^[7]

According to statements by Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer and those of four others, Able Danger had identified 2 of 3 Al Qaeda cells active in the 9/11 attacks; the 'Brooklyn cell' linked to Blind Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman, including September 11 attacks leader Mohamed Atta, and three of the 9/11 plot's other 19 hijackers, as possible members of an al Qaeda cell linked to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.^[8]

This theory was heavily investigated and researched by Republican Representative Curt Weldon, vice chairman of the House Armed Services and House Homeland Security committees. However, Defense Intelligence Agency leadership had already ordered the hurried destruction of mined data, source databases, charts and resultant documents on entirely spurious legal grounds. DIA also prevented key personnel from testifying to both the Senate Judiciary and Senate Intelligence Committees, though after numerous denials did admit the program's existence.^[9]

In December 2006, an investigation by the US Senate Intelligence Committee concluded that assertions could not be confirmed. It stated that they were unable to find supporting evidence regarding "one of the most disturbing claims about the Sept. 11 terrorist strikes."^[4] This report released by the Senate Intelligence Committee copied, nearly verbatim, the United States Department of Defense Inspector General's September 2006 report on Able Danger.

Assertion that Able Danger identified 9/11 hijackers

The existence of Able Danger, and its purported early identification of the 9/11 terrorists, was first disclosed publicly on June 19, 2005, in an article^[10] by Keith Phucas, a reporter for The Times Herald, a Norristown, Pennsylvania, daily newspaper.

Eight days later, on June 27, 2005, Representative Curt Weldon, vice chairman of the House Armed Services and House Homeland Security committees and the principal source for the Phucas article, gave a special orders speech on the House floor detailing Able Danger:

Rep. Weldon later reiterated these concerns during news conferences on February 14, 2006. He believed that Able Danger identified Mohamed Atta 13 separate times prior to 9/11 and that the unit also identified a potential situation in Yemen two weeks prior to the October 12, 2000 attack on the USS Cole.^[12] The Pentagon released a statement in response, stating that they wished to address these issues during a congressional hearing before a House Armed Services subcommittee scheduled for Wednesday, February 15, 2006.

Able Danger and the 9/11 Commission

Following the GSN report, members of the 9/11 Commission began commenting on the information they had on Able Danger and Atta. Lee H. Hamilton, former Vice Chair of the 9/11 Commission, and Al Felzenberg, a former spokesman for the 9/11 Commission,^[15] both denied that the 9/11 Commission had any information on the identification of Mohamed Atta prior to the attacks.^[16] Hamilton told the media, "The Sept. 11 commission did not learn of any U.S. government knowledge prior to 9/11 of surveillance of Mohamed Atta or of his cell.... Had we learned of it obviously it would've been a major focus of our investigation."^[17]

On August 12, 2005, Hamilton and former 9/11 Commission chairman Thomas Kean issued a statement in response to media inquiries about the Commission's investigation of the Able Danger program.^[18] It stated the Commission had been aware of the Able Danger program, and requested and obtained information about it from the Department of Defense, but none of the information provided had indicated the program had identified Atta or other 9/11 hijackers. They further stated that a claim about Atta having been identified prior to the attacks had been made to the 9/11 Commission on July 12, 2004 (just days before the Commission's report was released), by a United States Navy officer employed at DOD, but that

Congressman Curt Weldon issued a response to the 9/11 Commission^[19] clarifying the mission of Able Danger, expressing concern over the statements made by various members of the 9/11 Commission, and promising to push forward until it is understood why the DoD was unable to pass the information uncovered by Able Danger to the FBI, and why the 9/11 Commission failed to follow up on the information they were given on Able Danger.

Congressman Weldon reiterated these statements in testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee on September 21, 2005.^[20]

Able Danger data destroyed

In his book Countdown to Terror, Weldon asserted that an Able Danger chart produced in 1999 identifying 9/11 hijackers Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Khalid al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi had been presented to then-Deputy National Security Advisor Jim Steinberg. Weldon went on to claim that he had personally presented the chart to then-Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley in 2001, days after the 9/11 attacks.^[21]

He later stated that he was no longer sure that Atta's name appeared on that document.^[22]

Congressman Peter Hoekstra, who was then chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, investigated the matter at Weldon's request, was reported to have cautioned against "hyperventilating" before the completion of a "thorough" probe. Pentagon officials said they were unaware that any Able Danger material named Atta. They declined to comment on the reports as they worked to clarify the matter.^[22]

On August 14, 2005, Mike Kelly, a columnist for The (Bergen) Record (New Jersey), described a telephone interview, arranged by the staff of Rep. Curt Weldon, with a man who identified himself as a member of the Able Danger team, but asked that his name not be revealed. In the interview, the man claimed his team had identified Mohamed Atta and three other 9/11 hijackers as likely Al-Qaeda terrorists operating in the United States, but were prevented from passing this information on to the FBI by government lawyers. He also claimed he was ignored by the 9/11 Commission's staff when he approached them on two occasions to explain Able Danger's work.^[23]

On September 15, 2005, Weldon asserted that he had identified an employee who had been ordered to destroy the 2.5 terabytes (TB) of data collected by Able Danger two years before the 9/11 attack.^[24]

Weldon changes his story

A Time magazine article dated August 14, 2005, reports that Weldon admitted he is no longer sure that Atta's name was on the chart he presented to Hadley and that he was unable to verify whether this was the case, having handed over his only copy, and that a reconstruction was used for post-9/11 presentations.^[25] Weldon gave a talk at the Heritage Foundation with a chart he described as the one handed over on May 23, 2002. However, a week later he referred reporters to a recently reconstructed version of the chart in his office where, among dozens of names and photos of terrorists from around the world, there was a color mug shot of Mohammad Atta, circled in black marker.

Comments by members of the Able Danger team

Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer

After Weldon's assertions were disputed, Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer, a member of the Able Danger team, identified himself as Weldon's source. Shaffer claimed that he alerted the FBI in September 2000 about the information uncovered by the secret military unit "Able Danger", but he alleges three meetings he set up with bureau officials were blocked by military lawyers. Shaffer, who at the time worked for the Defense Intelligence Agency, claims he communicated to members of the 9/11 Commission that Able Danger had identified two of the three cells responsible for 9/11 prior to the attacks, but the Commission did not include this information in their final report.^[26]

Shaffer specifically states that in January 2000, Able Danger data-mining revealed the existence of a 'Brooklyn' Al-Qaeda cell connected to the "Blind Sheik" Omar Abdel-Rahman, as well as two other cells overseas. Shaffer & Philpott examined this chart of Al Qaeda suspected operatives, containing names & photos, and Philpott pointed out one particular sinister and "scary looking dude" -- Mohammed Atta.^[8]

Shaffer's lawyer, Mark Zaid, has revealed that Shaffer had been placed on paid administrative leave for what he called "petty and frivolous" reasons and had his security clearance suspended in March 2004, following a dispute over travel mileage expenses and personal use of a work cell phone.^[27]

Congressman Weldon asked for a new probe into the activities undertaken to silence Lt. Col. Shaffer from publicly commenting on Able Danger and Able Danger's identification of the 9/11 hijackers. Weldon called the activities "a deliberate campaign of character assassination."^[28]

Shaffer has also told the story of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) opposition to Able Danger, prior to 9/11, based on the view that Able Danger was encroaching on CIA turf. According to Shaffer, the CIA representative said, "I clearly understand. We're going after the leadership. You guys are going after the body. But, it doesn't matter. The bottom line is, CIA will never give you the best information from "Alex Base" or anywhere else. CIA will never provide that to you because if you were successful in your effort to target Al Qaeda, you will steal our thunder. Therefore, we will not support this."^[29]

Navy Captain Scott Phillpott

Capt. Scott Phillpott confirmed Shaffer's claims. "I will not discuss this outside of my chain of command", Phillpott said in a statement to Fox News. "I have briefed the Department of the Army, the Special Operations Command and the office of (Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence) Dr. Cambone as well as the 9/11 Commission. My story has remained consistent. Atta was identified by Able Danger in January/February 2000", he was quoted as saying.^[30]

James D. Smith

Shaffer's claims were also confirmed by James D. Smith, a civilian contractor who worked on Able Danger. In an interview with Fox News, Smith reported that the project had involved analysis of data from a large number of public sources and 20 to 30 individuals.^[31]

Smith stated that Atta's name had emerged during an examination of individuals known to have ties to Omar Abdel Rahman, a leading figure in the first World Trade Center bombing.

Major Erik Kleinsmith

Major Erik Kleinsmith, who was with the Army and chief of intelligence for LIWA until February 2001, testified that he was ordered to destroy Able Danger's information. "I deleted the data", he said. "There were two sets, classified and unclassified, and also an 'all sorts,{{Single double}} which contained a blend of the two, "plus charts we'd produced." Kleinsmith deleted the 2.5 terabytes of data in May and June, 2000, on orders of Tony Gentry, general counsel of the Army Intelligence and Security Command.^[32]

Other witnesses

The Defense Department announced its findings on September 1, 2005, after a three-week investigation into Able Danger. The statement announced the discovery of three other witnesses in addition to Shaffer and Phillpott who confirm Able Danger had produced a chart that "either mentioned Atta by name as an al-Qaeda operative [and/or] showed his photograph." Four of the five witnesses remember the photo on the chart. The fifth remembers only Atta being cited by name. The Pentagon describes the witnesses as "credible" but stated that the document which allegedly mentioned Atta could not be found.^[33]^[34]

The wall

Former chief assistant U.S. attorney Andrew McCarthy and others have asserted that the Able Danger intelligence was suppressed as a result of a policy of forbidding the CIA and FBI to share intelligence known as "the wall."^[35] During the 9/11 Commission hearings, then-Attorney General John Ashcroft testified the wall was strengthened under the Clinton administration by Jamie Gorelick to prohibit sharing of terrorist intelligence within the federal government.^[36]

This assertion was disputed by former senator Slade Gorton (R-WA), a member of the 9-11 Commission, who said, "nothing Jamie Gorelick wrote had the slightest impact on the Department of Defense or its willingness or ability to share intelligence information with other intelligence agencies." Gorton also asserted that "the wall" was a long-standing policy that had resulted from the Church Committee in the 1970s, and that the policy only prohibits transfer of certain information from prosecutors to the intelligence services and never prohibited information flowing in the opposite direction{{fix

Skepticism

Two Attas theory

Another variation of the Two Attas theory reported by Kaus notes that Omar Abdel Rahman also had an associate with the name Mohamed El-Amir (a name sometimes used by Atta) who was not the Mohamed Atta involved in the 9/11 hijacking.^[40]

However, Shaffer clarified that. He told 9/11 Commission staffers Able Danger identified three of the individuals in the terrorist cells that conducted the 9/11 attacks, to include Atta - Shaffer did not mention the names of any other of the 9/11 hijackers in his disclosure to the 9/11 staff. A fourth 9/11 terrorist came from the second cell.^[41] Eric Umansky states the problem this way: "In fact, the two-Atta theory only leaves one major issue unexplained: What about the three other 9/11 hijackers that Able Danger purportedly fingered?{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

The Department of Defense released a report addressing the issue of two possible individuals with the last name of Atta and explaining that it was basically a clerical error.

It should be noted that IG report is disputed by Lt. Col. Shaffer and other Able Danger team members, some of whom were never interviewed by the IG's office nor the 9/11 commission. Congressman Weldon also claims the report was a hurried, botched up investigation that was intended to close the books on the subject rather than report on the facts.

For example this lead was never followed: "Normen Pentolino, operations manager at the Hollywood store, said two cashiers told FBI agents they might have recognized Atta, but weren't certain. Sources inside the store said Atta may have held a BJ's membership card for more than two years."^[43]

Timing

Kevin Drum, writing for The Washington Monthly notes that reports of the precise date at which the information was allegedly passed to the FBI vary considerably. It is most unlikely that Able Danger would have identified a terrorist called "Mohamed Atta" before May 2000.

Congressional hearings

Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Arlen Specter held a hearing on September 21, 2005, looking into the facts about Able Danger. However, Lt. Col. Shaffer and the other four members of Able Danger were ordered not to testify by the Department of Defense.^[44] Senator Specter decided to go forward with the hearings anyway.

Senator Specter wondered if the Posse Comitatus Act may have been the reason Defense Department attorneys would not allow Able Danger to turn over information to the FBI. The Posse Comitatus Act prevents the military from being engaged in law enforcement activities, including gathering information on U.S. persons, despite the aliens were not specifically United States citizens. Speaking on behalf of Lt. Col. Shaffer, attorney Mark Zaid testified "Those within Able Danger were confident they weren't compiling information on US persons. They were potentially people connected to US persons."^[45]

Former Army Major Erik Kleinsmith, former head of the Pentagon's Land Warfare Analysis Department, testified at the hearing that he had been instructed to destroy data and documents related to Able Danger in May and June 2000. When asked whether the information could have prevented the attack on September 11 of 2001, he answered that he would not speculate to that, but that the information might have been useful.^[47]

Subsequent investigations

On February 14, 2006, Congressmen Curt Weldon charged that contrary to testimony, not all the data on Able Danger had been destroyed. Weldon claimed to be in contact with people in the government still able to do data-mining who got 13 hits on Mohamed Atta. Weldon also claimed that Able Danger information was found in Pentagon files as recently as two weeks prior to his statement and that a general was present when the files were taken from the cabinet.^[48] The next day, there was a joint committee meeting with the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities and the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, to discuss the Able Danger program.^[49]

On September 21, 2006, The Washington Post reported that a Defense Department investigation into Able Danger found that Able Danger did not identify Mohamed Atta or any other hijacker before the September 11 attacks, and that a widely discussed chart was "a sample document passed to the military as an example of how to organize large amounts of data", and was created after 9/11.

Inspector General's report

On September 18, 2006, the Office of the Deputy Inspector General for Investigations released a report stating that Shaffer was put on leave, that the crew responsible for removing any classified documents from his office to prevent his taking them home with him found that he did not have any of the Able Danger-related documents trusted to him he claimed he had,^[50] and that despite the fact that the Army cleared him of any wrongdoing in the allegations "DIA officials would have taken action to revoke LTC Shaffer's access and clearance regardless of his disclosures to the DIA IG, the 9/11 Commission staff members, Members of Congress, or the media.^[51]

Alleged evidence of IG cover-up

Five witnesses who had worked on Able Danger and had been questioned by the Defense Department's Inspector General later told investigative journalists that their statements to the IG were distorted by investigators in the final IG's report, or the report omitted essential information that they had provided. The alleged distortions of the IG report centered around excluding any evidence that Able Danger had identified and tracked Atta years before 9/11. The witnesses reported to the journalists that the IG investigators got increasingly hostile in an effort to intimidate the witnesses into changing their testimony to drop any assertion that they had identified and tracked Atta, and this suggests a cover-up by the IG of Able Danger's findings. Witnesses reported telling Philip Zelikow, executive director of the 9/11 Commission, that Able Danger had identified Atta well before the 9/11 attacks, but Zelikow showed no interest in their testimony. Lt. Col Tony Shaffer also reported that the DOD has retaliated against him for speaking out publicly about the IG report's distortions.^[53]

Movie

The independent film Able Danger was released in 2008. The screenplay written by Paul Krik centers around a Brooklyn, New York coffee shop owner who receives a disk proving a tie between the CIA and the 9/11 attacks.^[54]

Book

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news| url =http://edition.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/21/abledanger.hearings/| title =Specter: Pentagon may be obstructing committee| date =21 September 2005| publisher =cnn.com| location =Washington| accessdate =April 26, 2010| quote =That looks to me as it may be obstruction of the committee's activities.}}
2. ^{{cite web| url =http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=1606&wit_id=4668| title =prepared statement of mark s. zaid, esq., before the committee on judiciary, united states senate| first =mark| last =zaid| date =21 September 2005| publisher =committee on judiciary, united states senate| location =washington, d.c.| accessdate =April 26, 2010| quote =Based on years of experience I can say categorically that the basis for the revocation was questionable at best.| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100411222821/http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=1606&wit_id=4668| archivedate= 11 April 2010 | deadurl= no}}
3. ^{{cite web| url= http://intelligence.senate.gov/abledanger.pdf| title= ssci #2006-4735| author= Senate Select Committee on Intelligence| date= 22 December 2006| location= washington, d.c.| page= 9| format= PDF| accessdate= April 26, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100507164937/http://intelligence.senate.gov/abledanger.pdf| archivedate= 7 May 2010| deadurl= yes| df= }}
4. ^¹{{cite news|last = Miller|first = Greg|date = 2006-12-25|url = http://articles.latimes.com/2006/dec/25/nation/na-intel25|title = Alarming 9/11 Claim Is Baseless, Panel Says|publisher = Los Angeles Times|accessdate = 2010-01-10}}
5. ^{{cite news|date=2006-12-26|author=Anne Flaherty|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/26/AR2006122600624.html|title = Senators Nix Pre-9/11 Hijacker ID Theory|agency =Associated Press|accessdate = 2008-11-21|work=The Washington Post}}
6. ^An example of a chart produced as output by the project's data mining and visualization suite is called the 3.21.00 Chart. (DIAC Link Chart declassified 3.21.00, produced on March 21, 2000, and reproduced on author Peter Lance's website for his book Triple Cross Another barely readable sample chart was published by the Defense Department's Inspector General's Office on page 14 of the Able Danger Investigation Report.
7. ^Patience Wait has reported that a follow-on project appears to have been funded and implemented by the Intelligence Community and was originally named Able Providence. Data Mining Offensive in the Works {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014100826/http://www.gcn.com/print/24_30/37242-1.html |date=2006-10-14 }} - Patience Wait - GCN Magazine, 10/10/2005
8. ^¹{{cite book|last=Shaffer|first=Anthony|title=Operation Dark Heart|year=2010|publisher=St Martin's Press|pages=170|isbn=978-0-312-60369-4}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Shaffer|first=Anthony|title=Operation Dark Heart|year=2010|publisher=St Martin's Press|pages=274–275|isbn=978-0-312-60369-4}}
10. ^{{Cite news|first=Keith |last=Phucas |url=http://www.timesherald.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=14720231&BRD=1672&PAG=461&dept_id=33380&rfi=8 |title=Missed chance on way to 9/11 |work=The Times Herald |publisher=Shelley Meenan |date=19 June 2005 |accessdate=2006-08-03 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
11. ^United States Congress. "{{cite web|url= http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?dbname=2005_record&page=H5244&position=all |title=U.S. Intelligence. }}" Congressional Record—House. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 27 June 2005. 109th Cong., 1st sess. HR H5244.
12. ^{{cite news|first=Kimberly |last=Hefling |title=Weldon: 'Able Danger' ID'd 9/ll Ringleader |date=2006-02-14 |agency=Associated Press}}
13. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://www.gsnmagazine.com/aug_05/dod_lawyers.html |title= Did DoD lawyers blow the chance to nab Atta? |accessdate=2010-01-10 |last=Goodwin |first=Jacob |date=August 2005 |work=GSN: Government Security News|publisher=Edward Tyler |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915071813/http://www.gsnmagazine.com/aug_05/dod_lawyers.html|archivedate=2007-09-15}}
14. ^United States Congress. "{{cite web|url= http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?position=all&page=H5250&dbname=2005_record |title=U.S. Intelligence. }}" Congressional Record—House. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 27 June 2005. 109th Cong., 1st sess. HR H5250. Retrieved on 2006-08-03.
15. ^{{Cite news|author=Andrews, Wyatt |author2=The Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/08/09/terror/main769440_page2.shtml |title=New Pre-9/11 Intel Questions |work=Special Report: War on Terror |publisher=CBS News |date=9 August 2005 |accessdate=2006-08-03 |authorlink=Wyatt Andrews}}
16. ^{{Cite news|author=Douglas Jehl |author2=Philip Shenon|author3=Eric Schmitt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/09/politics/09intel.html?ex=1281240000&en=bc4d02afa0a46012&ei=5090 |title=Four in 9/11 Plot Are Called Tied to Qaeda in '00 |publisher=New York Times |date=8 August 2005|quote=More than a year before the Sept. 11 attacks, a small, highly classified military intelligence unit identified Mohamed Atta and three other future hijackers as likely members of a cell of Al Qaeda operating in the United States, according to a former defense intelligence official and a Republican member of Congress. |accessdate=2006-08-03}}
17. ^{{Cite news|author=Herridge, Catherine |author2=Liza Porteus |author3=The Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,165268,00.html |title=Source: 9/11 Panel Staffers Probing Documents on 'Able Danger' |work=Fox News Politics |publisher=Fox News Channel |date=11 August 2005 |accessdate=2006-08-03 |authorlink=Catherine Herridge |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905025208/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C165268%2C00.html |archivedate=5 September 2006 |deadurl=no }}
18. ^¹{{cite press release |url=http://www.9-11pdp.org/press/2005-08-12_pr.pdf |format=PDF |title=Kean-Hamilton Statement on Able Danger |date=2005-08-12 |last1=Kean |first1=Thomas |last2=Hamilton |first2=Lee H. |access-date=2005-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301024454/http://www.9-11pdp.org/press/2005-08-12_pr.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
19. ^¹{{cite press release |url=http://911citizenswatch.org/?p=643 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011040129/http://911citizenswatch.org/?p=643 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-10-11 |date=2005-08-12 |title=Weldon Responds to Omission of ABLE DANGER From 9/11 Report |publisher=9/11 Citizens Watch |author=Curt Weldon }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2005_hr/092105weldon.html |title=Honorable Curt Weldon's testimony at Able Danger and Intelligence Information Sharing |publisher=Federation of American Scientists website}}
21. ^{{Cite book|title=Countdown to Terror: The Top Secret Information that Could Prevent the Next Terrorist Attack on America...And How the CIA has Ignored it |author=Curt Weldon |date=2005-07-25 |isbn=978-0-89526-005-5 |publisher=Regnery Publishing}}
22. ^¹{{Cite news|first=Brian |last=Bennett |author2=Timothy J. Burger |author3=Douglas Waller |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1093694,00.html |title=Was Mohamed Atta Overlooked? |work=Time |publisher=Time Warner |date=2005-08-14 |accessdate=2006-08-17}}
23. ^{{Cite news|author=Kelly, Mike |url=http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyNjMmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTY3NDQ2OTMmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk5 |title=Deadly tale of incompetence |work=The Record (Bergen Co., NJ) |publisher=North Jersey Media Group |date=2005-08-14 |accessdate=2006-08-17 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060613224206/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyNjMmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTY3NDQ2OTMmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk5 |archivedate = June 13, 2006 |authorlink= Mike Kelly (journalist)}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/print?id=1131137 |title=Weldon: Atta Papers Destroyed on Orders |accessdate=2010-01-10 |last=De |first=Donna |date=2005-09-16 |agency=Associated Press |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050922032625/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/print?id=1131137 |archivedate=2005-09-22 }}
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26. ^{{Cite news|publisher=CNN |title=The Situation Room Transcript |date=2005-08-17}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,166084,00.html |title=Pentagon Investigates Able Danger Work |date=2005-08-18 |publisher=Fox News}}
28. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/SecurityTerrorism/view.php?StoryID=20051019-040108-6365r |title=Congressman wants new Able Danger probe |accessdate=2010-01-10 |date=2005-10-19 |publisher=United Press International |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051228213543/http://www.upi.com/SecurityTerrorism/view.php?StoryID=20051019-040108-6365r |archivedate=2005-12-28 }}
29. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.gsnmagazine.com/sep_05/shaffer_interview.html | title = Inside Able Danger – The Secret Birth, Extraordinary Life and Untimely Death of a U.S. Military Intelligence Program | accessdate = 2010-05-22 | last = Goodwin | first = Jacob |date = September 2005| work = GSN: Government Security News | publisher = World Business Media, LLC. | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050924164439/http://www.gsnmagazine.com/sep_05/shaffer_interview.html | archivedate = 2005-09-24}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,166504,00.html |publisher=Fox News |title=Navy Captain Backs Able Danger Claims |date=2005-08-23}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,167130,00.html |publisher=Fox News |title=Third Source Backs 'Able Danger' Claims About Atta |date=2005-08-28}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.gcn.com/Articles/2005/10/07/Datamining-offensive-in-the-works.aspx?Page=2 |title=Data-mining offensive in the works |publisher=Government Computer News |date=2005-10-07 |author=Patience Wait| accessdate = 2010-01-11}}
33. ^{{Cite news| first = Thom | last = Shanker | title = Terrorist Known Before 9/11, More Say | date = September 2, 2005 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/02/us/terrorist-known-before-911-more-say.html | work = New York Times | accessdate = 11 June 2015}}
34. ^{{Cite news | first = Sgt. Sara | last = Wood | title = DoD Discusses Able Danger Findings | date = September 1, 2005 | publisher = United States Department of Defense | url = http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=17426 | work = American Forces Press Service | accessdate = 2010-05-22 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100830225752/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=17426 | archivedate = August 30, 2010 | df = }}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/mccarthy/mccarthy200404190849.asp |title=The Wall Truth |publisher=National Review Online |first=Andrew C.|last=McCarthy |date=19 April 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040502141600/http://www.nationalreview.com/mccarthy/mccarthy200404190849.asp|archivedate=2 May 2004}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/testimony/2004/1995_gorelick_memo.pdf |title=Instructions on Separation of Certain Foreign CounterIntelligence and Criminal Investigations |publisher=US Department of Justice website |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-28}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://justoneminute.typepad.com/main/2005/08/able_danger_mud.html |title=Able Danger - Muddying The Waters |publisher=Just One Minute Blog |date=2005-08-18}}{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2015}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2124546|title=The "Two Atta" Theory|first=Mickey|last=Kaus|work=Slate.com |date=21 August 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111225218/http://www.slate.com/id/2124546|archivedate=11 November 2005}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/rumors/atta.htm |title=Atta Boy |publisher=Snopes.com}}
40. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2124863/|title=Able Danger Mystery Solved?|work=Slate.com |first=Mickey|last=Kaus|date=29 August 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023104119/http://www.slate.com/id/2124863/|archivedate=23 October 2005}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.wpherald.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20050908-112911-4218r|title=Congressman doubts accounts of secret projects's destruction|work=World Peace Herald|first=Shaun|last=Waterman|date=8 September 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103134305/http://www.wpherald.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20050908-112911-4218r|archivedate=3 January 2006}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/0205/chapter3.htm |publisher=Website of the United States Office of the Inspector General |title=The Immigration and Naturalization Service's Contacts With Two September 11 Terrorists: A Review of the INS's Admissions of Mohamed Atta and Marwan Alshehhi, its Processing of their Change of Status Applications, and its Efforts to Track Foreign Students in the United States |date=2002-05-20}}
43. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.miami.com/herald/special/news/worldtrade/digdocs/032999.htm |title=Broward library PCs yield clues |publisher=Miami Herald |last1=Babson |first1=Jennifer |last2=Lebowitz |first2=Larry |last3=Viglucci |first3=Andres |date=2001-09-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011021020512/http://www.miami.com/herald/special/news/worldtrade/digdocs/032999.htm |archivedate=2001-10-21}}
44. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/21/abledanger.hearings/index.html |title=Specter: Pentagon may be obstructing committee |publisher=CNN |date=2005-09-21}}
45. ^{{Cite news|title=Transcript of The Able Danger Senate Hearings |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/terrorism/july-dec05/abledanger-9-21.html |publisher=PBS |date=2005-09-21}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2005_hr/092105zaid.pdf |title=Prepared Statement of Mark S. Zaid, Esq. Before the Committee on Judiciary, United States Senate |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Website |date=2005-09-21 |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-28}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,170267,00.html |title='Able Danger' Will Get Second Hearing |publisher=Fox News |date=2005-09-24}}
48. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewNation.asp?Page=\ation\\archive0602\AT20060215d.html |title='Able Danger' Identified 9/11 Hijacker 13 Times |accessdate=2010-01-10 |last=Gossett |first=Sherrie |date=2006-02-15 |publisher=Cybercast News Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615070848/http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewNation.asp?Page=%5CNation%5Carchive%5C200602%5CNAT20060215d.html |archivedate=2006-06-15 |deadurl=yes }}
49. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2006_hr/021506saxton.pdf |date=2006-02-15 |title=Joint Hearing on the Able Danger Program |publisher=The Federation of American Scientists website |format=PDF}}
50. ^{{cite report |url=http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/Able_Danger_report.pdf |title=Alleged Misconduct by Senior DOD Officials Concerning the Able Danger Program and Lieutenant Colonel Anthony A. Shaffer, US Army Reserve |pages=10 |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-28}}
51. ^{{cite report |url=http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/Able_Danger_report.pdf |title=Alleged Misconduct by Senior DOD Officials Concerning the Able Danger Program and Lieutenant Colonel Anthony A. Shaffer, US Army Reserve |pages=11 |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-28}}
52. ^{{cite report |url=http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/Able_Danger_report.pdf |title=Alleged Misconduct by Senior DOD Officials Concerning the Able Danger Program and Lieutenant Colonel Anthony A. Shaffer, US Army Reserve |pages=69 |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-12-28}}
53. ^¹²{{cite news|work=Fox News|date=4 October 2010|title=Exclusive: Witnesses in Defense Dept. Report Suggest Cover-Up of 9/11 Findings|first=Catherine|last=Herridge|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/10/04/exclusive-witnesses-defense-department-report-suggest-cover-findings/|accessdate=21 November 2015}}
54. ^Review by the Los Angeles Times October 31, 2008
55. ^{{cite news|title=Pentagon Plan: Buying Books to Keep Secrets |first=Scott |last=Shane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html |newspaper=New York Times |page=A16 |date=2010-09-10 |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/672WY4iAV?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?_r=2 |archivedate=2012-04-19 |deadurl=no |df= }}
56. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/us/10books.html?partner=rss&emc=rss NYT September 10, 2010]
57. ^Fox News September 10, 2010