词条 | Montivipera xanthina |
释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Vipera-xanthina-2.jpg | genus = Montivipera | species = xanthina | authority = (Gray, 1849) | range_map = Montivipera xanthina distribution (IUCN).png | synonyms = *Daboia Xanthina Gray, 1849
}} Common names: rock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper,[4] more.Montivipera xanthina is a venomous viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea. No subspecies are currently recognized.[5] DescriptionDorsally, it is grey or white with a black zig-zag stripe. Melanistic individuals exist. It has keeled dorsal scales.[6]It usually grows to a total length (body + tail) of 70–95 cm (27.6-37.4 in), but reaches a maximum total length of 130 cm (51.2 in) on certain Greek islands in the Aegean Sea.[4] BehaviorVery aggressive, will strike without provoking, and most bites will inject venom {{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} HabitatMontivipera xanthina can be found living in humid areas.[7] It favors rocky and "well-vegetated" areas for its habitats.[7]PreyThe diet of Montivipera xanthina is thought to consist of rodents and other small mammals and native birds.[7] It has also been speculated that they prey on lizards as well.[7] Common namesRock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper, Turkish viper, Near East viper,[4] mountain viper.[8] Geographic rangeExtreme northeastern Greece, the Greek islands of Simi, Skiathos, Kos, Kalimnos, Samothraki, Leros, Lipsos, Patmos, Samos, Chios and Lesbos, European Turkey, the western half of Anatolia (inland eastward to Kayseri), and islands (e.g. Chalki, Kastellórizon [Meis Adasi]) of the Turkish mainland shelf. The type locality given is "Xanthus" [southwestern Turkey (Kınık)], and "Asia Minor." Listed as "Xanthos" by Schwarz (1936). Nilson and Andrén (1986) restricted the species to "Xanthos" [= Xanthus] (Kınık) province Mugla, S. W. Turkish Anatolia" through lectotype designation.[2] Conservation statusThis species is classified as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] It is listed as such due to its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. It is, however, listed as strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention.[9] TaxonomyAccording to Nilson, Andrén and Flärdh (1990), M. bornmuelleri, M. bulgardaghica, M. wagneri and M. xanthina are all closely related and together form the Montivipera xanthina group or complex.[2] See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite journal | author = Wolfgang Böhme | author2 = Petros Lymberakis | author3 = Varol Tok | author4 = Ismail H. Ugurtas | author5 = Murat Sevinç | author6 = Pierre-André Crochet | author7 = Yakup Kaska | author8 = Yusuf Kumlutaş | author9 = Aziz Avci | author10 = Nazan Üzüm | display-authors = etal | title = Montivipera xanthina | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2009 | page = e.T61537A86548598 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2009 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/61537/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61537A12509884.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} 2. ^1 2 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume). 3. ^The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org 4. ^1 2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. {{ISBN|0-89464-877-2}}. 5. ^{{ITIS |id=635004 |taxon=Vipera xanthina |accessdate=19 August 2006}} 6. ^http://www.1000pictures.com/view.htm?canimals/snake+fnoy-2006-05-20-095954_1280.jpg+x1280+y1024 7. ^1 2 3 O'Shea, M. 2008. Venomous Snakes of the World. London: New Holland Publishers Ltd. 160 pp. {{ISBN|1-84773-086-8}}. (Vipera xanthina, p. 58.) 8. ^Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles -- Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. {{ISBN|0-7137-1704-1}}. 9. ^Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II at Council of Europe. Accessed 9 October 2006. Further reading{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons|Montivipera xanthina}}
5 : Montivipera|Reptiles of Europe|Reptiles of Turkey|Reptiles described in 1849|Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
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