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词条 Die Stem van Suid-Afrika
释义

  1. History

     Background and inception  Composition  Decline  Consolidation  Legacy 

  2. Lyrics

  3. In popular culture

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Use South African English|date=October 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}{{Expand Afrikaans|date=April 2018}}{{Infobox anthem
|title = Die Stem van Suid-Afrika
|transcription =
|english_title = "The Call of South Africa"
|alt_title = "Die Stem"
|en_alt_title = "The Call"
|alt_title_2 =
|en_alt_title_2 =
|image = Volk en Vaderland 27 - Die stem van Suid-Afrika.png{{!}}border
|caption = Excerpt from the {{Interlanguage link multi|F.A.K.-Volksangbundel|af}}
|prefix = Former national
|country = South Africa
|author = Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven
|lyrics_date = {{Start date|1918}} (English version: Collectively, 1952)
|composer = {{ill|Marthinus Lourens de Villiers|af}}
|music_date = {{Start date|1921}}
|adopted = {{Nowrap|{{Start date|1938|06}} (jointly with "God Save the King")[1]}}
{{Start date|1957|05}} (as the sole national anthem)
{{Start date|1994|04}} (jointly with "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika")
|published = {{Start date|1926}}
|until = {{end date|1994|04}} (as the sole national anthem)
{{end date|1997}} (as the co-national anthem)
|predecessor="God Save the Queen"
|successor="National anthem of South Africa"
|sound = "Die_Stem_van_Suid-Afrika"_-_National_anthem_of_Apartheid_South_Africa.oga
|sound_title = "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" (instrumental, one verse)
}}

"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" ({{IPA-af|di ˈstɛm fan sœi̯t ˈɑːfrika|lang}}, {{Literal translation|"The Voice of South Africa"}}), also known as "The Call of South Africa" or simply "Die Stem" ({{respell|dee|STE|mmm}}), is a former national anthem of South Africa. There are two versions of the song, one in English and the other in Afrikaans, which were used during much of the apartheid era.[1][3] It was the sole national anthem from 1957 to 1994,[2] and shared co-national anthem status with "God Save the King" from 1938 to 1957.[1] After the end of apartheid in the early 1990s, it was retained as a co-national anthem along with "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" from 1994 to 1997, when a new hybrid song incorporating elements of both songs was adopted as the country's new national anthem, which is still in use today.[3]

History

{{National anthems of South Africa}}

Background and inception

In May 1918, C.J. Langenhoven wrote an Afrikaans poem called "Die Stem", for which music was composed by the Reverend {{ill|Marthinus Lourens de Villiers|af}} in 1921.[4][5] The music composed was actually a second version; the first did not satisfy Langenhoven.[6] It was widely used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation in the 1920s, which played it at the close of daily broadcasts, along with "God Save The King". It was recorded for the first time in 1926 when its first and third verses were performed by Betty Steyn in England for the Zonophone record label;[7][8] it was sung publicly for the first time on 31 May 1928 at a raising of the new South African national flag.[5] In 1938, South Africa proclaimed it to be one of the two co-national anthems of the country, along with "God Save the King".[1]

It was sung in English as well as Afrikaans from 1952,[9][10] with both versions having official status,[11] while "God Save the Queen" did not cease to be a co-national anthem until May 1957, when it was dropped from that role. However, it remained the country's royal anthem until 1961, as it was a Commonwealth realm until that point.[2][12] The poem originally had only three verses, but the government asked the author to add a fourth verse with a religious theme. The English version is for the most part a faithful translation of the Afrikaans version with a few minor changes.

Composition

It is lugubrious in tone,[19][20] addressing throughout of commitment to the Vaderland ({{lang-en|Fatherland}}) and to God. However, it was generally disliked by black South Africans,[13][14] who saw it as triumphalist and strongly associated it with the apartheid regime[15][16] where one verse shows dedication to Afrikaners[17] and another to the Voortrekkers' "Great Trek".[18][19][20][21] P. W. Botha, who was the state president of South Africa during the 1980s, was fond of the song and made his entourage sing it when they visited Switzerland during his presidency.[22]

Decline

As the dismantling of apartheid began in the early 1990s, South African teams were readmitted to international sporting events, which presented a problem as to the choice of national identity South Africa had to present. Agreements were made with the African National Congress (ANC) that "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" would not be sung at rugby matches,[23] due to its connection to the apartheid system and minority rule, thus leading the ANC and other such groups at the time to view the song as offensive.[23] However, at a rugby union test match against New Zealand in 1992, the crowd spontaneously sang "Die Stem" during a moment of silence for victims of political violence in South Africa,[24] and although it was ostensibly agreed upon beforehand that it would not be played, an instrumental recording of "Die Stem" was played over the stadium's PA system's loudspeakers after the New Zealand national anthem was performed, and spectators sang along, sparking controversy afterwards.[25][26][27][28][29] At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona that year, Schiller's "Ode to Joy",[30] as set to Beethoven's music, was used instead, along with a neutral Olympic-style flag.[31]

"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"'s future seemed in doubt as the country prepared to transition to majority rule, with many predicting that it would not remain after the transition into the new dispensation.[32][33] In 1993, a commission sought out a new national anthem for South Africa, with 119 entries being suggested,[34] but none were chosen. Instead, it was decided to retain "Die Stem"'s official status after the advent of full multi-racial democracy which followed the 1994 general election. When the old South African flag was lowered for the last time at the parliament building in Cape Town, "Die Stem" was performed in Afrikaans and then in English as the new South African flag was raised.[35] After 1994, it shared equal status with "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", which had long been a traditional hymn used by the ANC. In 1995, "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" was sung by a black choir at the Rugby World Cup final match,[36][37] as it had been done at the 1994 South African presidential inauguration in Pretoria,[38] first in Afrikaans and then in English.

Consolidation

The practice of singing two different national anthems had been a cumbersome arrangement during the transition to post-apartheid South Africa. On most occasions, it was usually the first verse of "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" that was sung at ceremonies, in both official languages prior to 1994, with some English medium schools in what was then Natal Province singing the first verse in Afrikaans and the second in English. During this period of two national anthems, the custom was to play both "Die Stem" and "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" during occasions that required the playing of a national anthem. However, this proved cumbersome as performing the dual national anthems took as much as five minutes to conclude.[39] In 1997, with the adoption of a new national constitution, a new composite national anthem was introduced, which combined part of "Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika" and part of "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" into a single composition in order to form a new hybrid song.

Legacy

Since the end of apartheid and the adoption of a new national anthem in the 1990s, the status of "Die Stem" has become somewhat controversial in contemporary South Africa,[1][40][41][42] due to its connection with the apartheid regime and white minority rule.[43][44][45][46][47]

Although elements of it are used in the current South African national anthem, in recent years some South Africans have called for those segments to be removed due to their connection with apartheid,[48][49][50] whereas others defend the inclusion of it as it was done for post-apartheid re-conciliatory reasons.[51][52][53] When "Die Stem" was mistakenly played by event organisers in place of the current South African national anthem during a UK-hosted women's field hockey match in 2012, it sparked outrage and confusion among the South African staff members and players present.[54][55][56][57][16][58][59]

The Afrikaans version remains popular with Afrikaner nationalists[60] and far-right organisations[61] such as the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, where it is sometimes performed at the funerals of such groups' members or at demonstrations by them.[62][63][64][65] "Die Stem" was also the name of a far-right periodical during the apartheid era.[66]

Lyrics

Uit die blou van onse hemel,Uit die diepte van ons see,Oor ons ewige gebergtesWaar die kranse antwoord gee.Deur ons vêr verlate vlaktesMet die kreun van ossewa.Ruis die stem van ons geliefde,Van ons land Suid-Afrika.Ons sal antwoord op jou roepstem,Ons sal offer wat jy vra:Ons sal lewe, ons sal sterwe,Ons vir jou, Suid-Afrika.

Ringing out from our blue heavens,

From our deep seas breaking round,

Over everlasting mountains,

Where the echoing crags resound,

From our plains where creaking wagons,

Cut their trails into the earth,

Calls the spirit of our country,

Of the land that gave us birth.

At thy call we shall not falter,

Firm and steadfast we shall stand,

At thy will to live or perish,

O South Africa, dear land.

From the blue of our heaven

From the depths of our sea,

Over our eternal mountain ranges

Where the cliffs give answer

Through our far-deserted plains

With the groan of ox-wagon

Rises the voice of our beloved,

Of our country South Africa

We will answer to your calling,

We will offer what you ask

We will live, we will die

We for Thee, South Africa

In die murg van ons gebeente,in ons hart en siel en gees,In ons roem op ons verlede,In ons hoop op wat sal wees.In ons wil en werk en wandel,Van ons wieg tot aan ons graf.Deel geen ander land ons liefde,Trek geen ander trou ons af.Vaderland, ons sal die adel,Van jou naam met ere dra:Waar en trou as Afrikaners,Kinders van Suid-Afrika.

In our body and our spirit,

In our inmost heart held fast;

In the promise of our future,

And the glory of our past;

In our will, our work, our striving,

From the cradle to the grave-

There's no land that shares our loving,

And no bond that can enslave.

Thou hast borne us and we know thee,

May our deeds to all proclaim

Our enduring love and service

To thy honour and thy name.

In the marrow of our bones

In our heart and soul and spirit

In the glory of our past

In our hope of what will be

In our will and work and wander,

From our crib to our grave

Share no other land our love,

No other loyalty can sway us.

Fatherland! We will bear the nobility

Of your name with honour:

Dedicated and true as Afrikaners,

Children of South Africa

In die songloed van ons somer,in ons winternag se kou,In die lente van ons liefde,in die lanfer van ons rou.By die klink van huw'liksklokkies,by die kluit-klap op die kis.Streel jou stem ons nooit verniet nie,Weet jy waar jou kinders is.Op jou roep sê ons nooit née nie,Sê ons altyd, altyd ja:Om te lewe, om te sterwe -Ja, ons kom, Suid-Afrika.

In the golden warmth of summer,

In the chill of winter's air,

In the surging life of springtime,

In the autumn of despair;

When the wedding bells are chiming,

Or when those we love do depart,

Thou dost know us for thy children

And dost take us to thy heart

Loudly peals the answering chorus;

We are thine, and we shall stand,

Be it life or death, to answer

To thy call, beloved land.

In the sunglow of our summer,

In our winter night's cold

In the spring of our love,

In the autumn of our sorrow

At the sound of wedding bells,

At the stonefall on the coffin.

Soothes your voice us never in vain,

You know where your children are.

At your call we never say no,

We always, always say yes:

To live, to die –

Yes, we come South Africa

Op U Almag vas vertrouendhet ons vadere gebou:Skenk ook ons die krag, o Here!Om te handhaaf en te hou.Dat die erwe van ons vadereVir ons kinders erwe bly:Knegte van die Allerhoogste,Teen die hele wêreld vry.Soos ons vadere vertrou het,Leer ook ons vertrou, o Heer:Met ons land en met ons nasieSal dit wel wees, God regeer.

In thy power, Almighty, trusting,

Did our fathers build of old;

Strengthen then, O Lord, their children

To defend, to love, to hold-

That the heritage they gave us

For our children yet may be;

Bondsmen only to the Highest{{efn|Sometimes given as: "Bondsmen only of the Highest".[68]}}

And before the whole world free.

As our fathers trusted humbly,

Teach us, Lord to trust Thee still;

Guard our land and guide our people

In Thy way to do Thy will.

On your almight steadfast entrusted

Had our fathers built:

Give to us also the strength, o Lord!

To sustain and to preserve.

That the heritage of our fathers

For our children heritage remain

Servants of the almighty,

Against the whole world free.

As our fathers trusted,

Teach us also to trust, o Lord:

With our land and with our nation

It will be well, God reigns.

Die Stem van Suid-Afrika/The Call of South Africa
"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"[67]"The Call of South Africa"Literal translation of "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"
First verse
Second verse
Third verse
Fourth verse

In popular culture

  • "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" is featured in the films Catch a Fire and Invictus.
  • "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" is featured in the video game Nigel Mansell's World Championship Racing.[69]
  • South African singer {{ill|Lance James|af}} recorded a country-western rendition of "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" for his album Die Stem Op Spesiale Versoek.

See also

{{Portal|Music|South Africa}}
  • List of historical national anthems
  • National anthem of South Africa
  • National anthem of the Orange Free State
  • National anthem of the Transvaal
  • Flag of South Africa (1928–1994)

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title='Apologise' for Die Stem|quote=The manager of the London Cup hockey tournament must apologise for playing apartheid anthem "Die Stem" before South Africa's clash with Great Britain, SA Hockey Association chief executive Marissa Langeni said on Wednesday.|work=Sport24|location=South Africa|year=2012|url=https://www.sport24.co.za/OtherSport/Apologise-for-Die-Stem-20120606}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1130354|title=Die Stem period of use|accessdate=30 May 2018|date=5 August 2001}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://david.national-anthems.net/za-94.htm |title=Dual status |accessdate=2007-10-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015043530/http://david.national-anthems.net/za-94.htm |archivedate=15 October 2007 |df=dmy }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://tortel.net/~lochner/blerkas/woorde/002.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110111010/http://tortel.net/~lochner/blerkas/woorde/002.txt|dead-url=yes|archive-date=10 November 2013|title=Wayback Machine|date=10 November 2013|publisher=}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/anthem.htm |title=SA National Anthem History|accessdate=2007-10-21}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/za-97a.htm|title=South Africa (1957-1997)|date=18 April 2013|website=nationalanthems.info|access-date=11 January 2019|quote=DeVilliers won on his second entry (the first did not please Langenhoven)}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://flatint.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-south-african-national-anthem.html|title=flatint: The South African National Anthem: a history on record|first=Siemon|last=Allen|date=15 October 2013|publisher=BlogSpot|access-date=31 October 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/die-stem-van-suid-afrika|title=Die stem van Suid-Afrika|work=South African Music Archive Project|access-date=18 April 2018|publisher=Digital Innovation South Africa}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Moeschberger|first1=Scott L.|last2=DeZalia|first2=Rebekah A. Phillips|title=Symbols that Bind, Symbols that Divide: The Semiotics of Peace and Conflict|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319054643|page=185|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=oLEpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185|accessdate=28 April 2017|language=en}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://disciplemag.wordpress.com/2014/02/21/south-african-national-anthem-not-for-me-thank-you/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228153437/https://disciplemag.wordpress.com/2014/02/21/south-african-national-anthem-not-for-me-thank-you/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 December 2017|title=South African National Anthem – Not for me thank you|first=Nonjabulo|last=Tshabalala|date=21 February 2014|publisher=WordPress|work=The Underground Disciple|access-date=28 December 2017}}
11. ^{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Janice|title=South Africa|publisher=Lerner Books|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781580134514|page=69|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=hiN30v2O8h4C&pg=PA69|accessdate=28 April 2017|language=en}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/06/03/archives/south-africa-will-play-two-anthems-hereafter.html|title=South Africa Will Play Two Anthems Hereafter|date=3 June 1938|work=The New York Times|location=New York|access-date=31 October 2018|page=10}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/08/world/south-africans-fight-over-national-symbols.html|title=South Africans Fight Over National Symbols|first=Bill|last=Keller|publisher=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/12/world/whites-in-south-africa-find-the-world-has-not-ended.html|title=Whites in South Africa Find The World Has Not Ended|first=Bill|last=Keller|publisher=}}
15. ^{{cite journal|access-date=31 October 2018|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1086131.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919094328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1086131.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=19 September 2018|title=Neighbors Confront `Apartheid Wall'; Blacks, Whites Hold Picnic at Barricade|date=22 September 1991|publisher=}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/06/08/154600994/the-road-to-london-is-paved-with-olympic-gaffes|date=8 June 2012|work=NPR|access-date=1 November 2018|title=The Road To London Is Paved With Olympic Gaffes|publisher=NPR|series=All Things Considered}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.anc.org.za/misc/nkosi.html |title=Act of defiance |accessdate=2007-10-21 |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091011222008/http://www.anc.org.za/misc/nkosi.html |archivedate=11 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
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20. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation|first=John|last=Carlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXnD5iuM6DkC&pg=PT130}}
21. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16FBMFCCj7oC|title=Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation|first=John|last=Carlin|date=18 November 2009|publisher=Penguin|via=Google Books}}
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23. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1021160.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529073132/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1021160.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=29 May 2016 |title=ANC Drops Its Objections To S. African Rugby Game; White Fans Admonished Not to Sing Anthem |work=The Washington Post {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam}} |date=20 August 1992|accessdate=11 June 2018|first=William|last=Claiborne}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/southafrica/rugby/story/266217.html |title=South Africa: Nick Farr Jones reflects on his experiences as Wallabies captain in South Africa |publisher=ESPN |date= |accessdate=2016-02-28}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1020828.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529073129/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1020828.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-05-29 |title=ANC Threatens Call for Renewal of Rugby Boycott |publisher=The Washington Post {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam}} |date=1992-08-15 |accessdate=2016-04-14}}
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27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/18/world/flags-anthems-and-rugby-a-volatile-mix-for-south-africa.html|title=Flags, Anthems and Rugby: A Volatile Mix for South Africa|first=Bill Keller|last=and|publisher=}}
28. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky2rtZg7wAk|title=The 1992 return match - Teams, Anthems and Haka|date=28 May 2011|work=YouTube}}
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34. ^{{cite journal|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4196976.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008201708/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4196976.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=8 October 2016|title=Finding Symbols For New S. Africa // Citizens Submit 7,000 Flag Designs|date=27 October 1993|publisher=|work=Chicago Sun-Times|location=Illinois|first=John|last=Daniszewski|access-date=1 November 2018}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sed-dqbZgkc|title=Raising of the New South African Flag|first=|last=Antonio Coppola|date=24 May 2018|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZQ3mTEdDD0|title=Anthem: South Africa sing passionately at RWC 1995|first=|last=World Rugby|date=9 September 2015|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
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38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3OrcQ18JtY&t=385|title=Full Nelson Mandela Inauguration on 10th of May 1994|first=|last=SABC Digital News|date=8 May 2015|publisher=SABC|location=South Africa|via=YouTube|access-date=6 November 2018}}
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47. ^{{cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2015/04/08/Crowd-gathers-in-defence-of-the-church-square-statue |title=Steve Hofmeyr, Sunette Bridges defend Paul Kruger statue |publisher=Eyewitness News |date=2015-04-08 |accessdate=2015-04-14}}
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67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flatinternational.org/template_volume.php?volume_id=272|title=flatinternational - South African audio archive - Various Artists - Die Stem Van Suid-Afrika / The Call of South Africa|website=www.flatinternational.org}}
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External links

{{Commons category|Die Stem van Suid-Afrika}}{{wiktionary|Die Stem van Suid-Afrika}}{{wiktionary|The Call of South Africa}}{{wiktionary|apartheid anthem}}{{wiktionary|Die Stem}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070104204040/http://www.nationalanthems.info/za-94.mid Instrumental MIDI rendition]
{{National Anthems of Africa}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Die Stem Van Suid-Afrika}}

8 : 1921 songs|Afrikaans|African anthems|Apartheid in South Africa|Historical national anthems|National symbols of South Africa|South African songs|National anthem compositions in D major
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