词条 | Abraham Van Helsing |
释义 |
| name = Abraham Van Helsing | color = #DEDEE2 | series = Dracula | image = File:Van_Helsing_1931.png | caption = Edward Van Sloan as Van Helsing in Dracula (1931) | creator = Bram Stoker | portrayer = | alias = {{unbulleted list |Van Helsing |Doctor Van Helsing[1] |Professor Van Helsing[2] }} | gender = | occupation = {{unbulleted list |Vampire hunter }} | religion = Roman Catholic | nationality = Dutch | lbl21 = Birth place | data21 = Amsterdam,[3] Netherlands }} Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula. Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: "MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc.",[4] indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula. {{TOC limit|3}}Dracula{{Main|Dracula}}In the novel, Professor Van Helsing is called in by his former student, Dr. John Seward, to assist with the mysterious illness of Lucy Westenra. Van Helsing's friendship with Seward is based in part upon an unknown prior event in which Van Helsing suffered a grievous wound, and Seward saved his life by sucking out the gangrene. It is Van Helsing who first realizes that Lucy is the victim of a vampire, and he guides Dr. Seward and his friends in their efforts to save Lucy. According to Leonard Wolf's annotations to the novel, Van Helsing had a son who died. Van Helsing says that his son, had he lived, would have had a similar appearance to Lucy's husband Arthur Holmwood. Consequently, Van Helsing developed a particular fondness for Holmwood. Van Helsing's wife went insane after their son's death, but as a Catholic, he refuses to divorce her ("with my poor wife dead to me, but alive by Church's law, though no wits, all gone, even I, who am faithful husband to this now-no-wife").[5] Van Helsing is one of the few characters in the novel who is fully physically described in one place. In chapter 14, Mina Harker describes him as: {{quote|a man of medium height, strongly built, with his shoulders set back over a broad, deep chest and a neck well balanced on the trunk as the head is on the neck. The poise of the head strikes me at once as indicative of thought and power. The head is noble, well-sized, broad, and large behind the ears. The face, clean-shaven, shows a hard, square chin, a large resolute, mobile mouth, a good-sized nose, rather straight, but with quick, sensitive nostrils, that seem to broaden as the big bushy brows come down and the mouth tightens. The forehead is broad and fine, rising at first almost straight and then sloping back above two bumps or ridges wide apart, such a forehead that the reddish hair cannot possibly tumble over it, but falls naturally back and to the sides. Big, dark blue eyes are set widely apart, and are quick and tender or stern with the man's moods.|Mina Harker's Journal, chapter 14|Dracula[6]}}Van Helsing's personality is described by John Seward, his former student, thus: {{quote|He is a seemingly arbitrary man, this is because he knows what he is talking about better than any one else. He is a philosopher and a metaphysician, and one of the most advanced scientists of his day, and he has, I believe, an absolutely open mind. This, with an iron nerve, a temper of the ice-brook, and indomitable resolution, self-command, and toleration exalted from virtues to blessings, and the kindliest and truest heart that beats, these form his equipment for the noble work that he is doing for mankind, work both in theory and practice, for his views are as wide as his all-embracing sympathy.||Letter From Dr Seward to Arthur Holmwood, chapter 9, Dracula[7]}}In the novel Van Helsing is described as having what is apparently a thick foreign accent, in that he speaks in broken English and he uses German phrases like, "Mein Gott" ({{lang-en|My God}}). Adaptations of the novel have tended to play up Van Helsing's role as a vampire expert, sometimes to the extent that it is depicted as his major occupation. In the novel, however, Dr. Seward requests Van Helsing's assistance simply because Lucy's affliction has him baffled and Van Helsing "knows as much about obscure diseases as any one in the world", and Van Helsing does not determine that a vampire is the cause in time to prevent Lucy's death. NarrativeCount Dracula, having acquired ownership of England's Carfax estate through solicitor Jonathan Harker, moved to the estate and began menacing England . His victims included Lucy Westenra, who is on holiday in Whitby. The aristocratic girl has suitors such as Dr. John Seward, Arthur Holmwood, and Quincey Morris, and has a best friend in Mina Murray, Harker's fiancée. Seward, who worked as a doctor in an insane asylum – where one of the patients, the incurably mad Renfield, has a psychic connection to Dracula – contacts Professor Van Helsing about Lucy's peculiar condition. Van Helsing, recognizing marks upon her neck, eventually deduces that she has been losing blood from a vampire bite. He administers multiple blood transfusions, Van Helsing, Seward, and Arthur each donating blood to her, but each night she continues to lose blood. He prescribes her garlic, makes a necklace of garlic flowers for her and hangs garlic about her room. He also gives her a crucifix to wear around her neck. Lucy's demise was brought by her mother who cleared the room of garlic and opened the window for fresh air; a servant had stolen the gold crucifix.[8] Lucy dies and after the funeral returns as a vampire, seeking out children. Eventually, Van Helsing, Arthur, Morris and Seward free the undead Lucy from her vampiric curse: Arthur uses a hammer to drive the stake through her heart and Van Helsing cuts off her head and puts garlic in her mouth. Mina, now married to Harker, becomes increasingly worried about his brain fever. Van Helsing reviews his journal and Harker's health returns when he learns that his experiences in Transylvania were real. Mina discovers that various letters and accounts provide further intelligence on Dracula's movements, and shares these with Harker, Seward, Morris, and Van Helsing. They learn that Dracula's residence in Carfax was near Seward's, and Van Helsing's research reveals Dracula's weaknesses and strengths. Seward and Van Helsing also write to a university acquaintance to aid in further research. Staying at Seward's residence to better plan strategies in their efforts to deal with Dracula, they have frequent meetings and each member is assigned duties.[9] At a later meeting a bat is seen at a window. To destroy Dracula and prevent further spread of evil, the party enter his estate in Carfax and as a group encounter him for the first time. They discover that he has been purchasing properties in and around London, with plans to distribute 50 boxes of Transylvanian earth to them, used as graves so each property would become a safe lair. They visit these lairs and place sacramental bread in the boxes of earth to "sterilize" them, preventing Dracula from further using them.[10] Dracula entices Renfield to invite him into Seward's residence. Renfield is found critically injured by Seward and Van Helsing who operate on him, and Renfield informs them that Dracula went to see Mina. They go to Mina's room and find Harker hypnotized while Dracula is giving Mina the 'Vampire's Baptism of Blood', cursing her and the group for plotting against him. The party use sacred items to repel Dracula, who flees into a different room as a vapour. Dracula then destroys all the texts Mina had produced, except for one which was hidden, and breaks Renfield's neck before leaving. Van Helsing places a wafer of sacramental bread upon Mina's forehead to bless her but it burns her flesh, leaving a scar. Mina, feeling that she is now connected with Dracula, asks Van Helsing to hypnotize her before dawn, the only time she feels she could freely speak. Through this hypnosis they learn that Mina has a telepathic link with Dracula,[11] that she could tell everything he hears and feels, which could be used to track his movements. Mina agrees that any plans should be kept from her for fear that Dracula could read her thoughts. The group have additional encounters with Dracula as they continue to search for his residences throughout London and sterilize the boxes. Learning that his final grave is aboard a boat, Van Helsing deduces that Dracula is fleeing back to his castle.[12] When the party pursues Dracula to Transylvania, they split into groups. While Mina and Van Helsing travel straight to Dracula's castle, the others attempt to ambush the boat on which Dracula is a passenger. Van Helsing's influence over Mina diminishes each day, and her behavior changes as she sleeps more during the day, loses her appetite for food, and ceases to write in her journal. He finds that she cannot cross a circle of crumbled sacramental bread. Later, Dracula's vampiric wives approach their camp but they too are unable to cross into the circle of bread. Failing at their attempts to lure Van Helsing and Mina out of the circle, they flee back to Dracula's castle just before sunrise. Van Helsing binds Mina at a cave to keep her from danger as he goes into Dracula's castle to kill the vampires. As Van Helsing runs through the castle searching its rooms, he finds Dracula's empty tomb and the three female vampires he saw earlier. He begins to do his operation on the first vampire but finds himself entranced by her beauty and unable to bring himself to harm her. In his feelings of enchantment he even contemplates love for her. He is broken out of this enchantment when he hears a "soul wail" from Mina, awakening him.[13] He proceeds to drive stakes into their hearts and sever their heads, one by one. Van Helsing returns to Mina and they see the rest of their party as they chase a group of gypsies down the Borgo Pass and corner them. Armed with knives and firearms they overtake the gypsies and open the final box of Dracula; Jonathan Harker brings his Kukri knife down on Dracula's throat as the bowie knife of Quincey Morris simultaneously impales Dracula's heart in the final moments of daylight. At this moment Dracula's body crumbles to dust. After the struggle, Quincey is seen to have been fatally wounded. Six years later, Van Helsing takes a grandfatherly role in regard to the young Quincey Harker, Jonathan and Mina's son. EquipmentVan Helsing is seen utilizing many tools to aid him and his party in fending off Dracula, warding off vampires and in general defeating the undead:
Film and television adaptationsNosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922) was the first film version of Dracula. Although it followed the same basic plot as the novel, names were changed: Van Helsing is 'Professor Bulwer' (John Gottowt) and appears only in a few scenes. Unlike the book, he is a friend of 'Thomas Hutter' (the film's version of Jonathan Harker) before he meets 'Count Orlok' (a renamed Count Dracula), and he never meets the vampire face to face. In the initial 1931 Universal version of Dracula starring Bela Lugosi as the Count, Professor Van Helsing was portrayed by the actor Edward Van Sloan, who had previously played the part opposite Lugosi on stage. Van Sloan was the only cast member to return to his role for the 1936 sequel Dracula's Daughter. Peter Cushing's Doctor Van Helsing in the initial 1958 Hammer Dracula movie and its 1960 sequel The Brides of Dracula differed from the novel's in that the actor portrayed the character as a visibly younger man (as did Christopher Lee as the Count), and also one whose main vocation appears to be vampire hunting. His first name is never mentioned, though in the later Hammer Dracula films set in the 1970s (which apparently exist on a different timeline) Lee's Dracula battles Cushing's 'Lorrimer Van Helsing', a grandson of a previous vampire hunter, who appears as 'Lawrence Van Helsing' (also Cushing) in the prologue to Dracula A.D. 1972. In the final Hammer Dracula production The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (set mainly in 1904) Cushing again plays the original Van Helsing from the Hammer series. John Badham's 1979 version of Dracula saw Laurence Olivier portray Van Helsing as a frail old man whose daughter becomes one of the undead, drawing him into a conflict with Frank Langella's Count that eventually costs the Professor his life. Anthony Hopkins portrayed Professor Van Helsing in Bram Stoker's Dracula in 1992. Once again implied to be an experienced vampire hunter, Hopkins' Van Helsing often comes across as unbalanced, casually discussing how to kill the un-dead despite the brutal methods involved, and displaying ruthless methods when dispatching Dracula's brides, but he nevertheless leads the group to victory over Dracula's forces. In the 1995 spoof film Dead and Loving It, the movie’s director Mel Brooks plays Professor Van Helsing. Christopher Plummer portrayed Van Helsing in Dracula 2000 (he had previously appeared as a vampire hunter, Professor Paris Catalano, in Vampire in Venice). After defeating Count Dracula (Gerard Butler), Van Helsing finds that the vampire lord cannot die by the conventional means of destroying a vampire and he only succeeded in paralysing him in a deathlike state. When Dracula escapes after his coffin is stolen, Van Helsing's daughter and his assistant are able to defeat him after the elder Van Helsing's death. Hugh Jackman played Gabriel Van Helsing, in Van Helsing (2004), loosely based on Stoker's character. Having been found on the steps of a church several years before with total amnesia, Gabriel hunts monsters for a secret organization made up of the world's religions (known as the Knights of the Holy Order) to rid the world of evil "that the rest of mankind has no idea exists", although he is the most wanted man in Europe for his conspicuous actions. In the movie he is sent to Transylvania to kill Count Dracula. When he arrives, Dracula tells Gabriel that they have already met and have quite a history together, with Dracula revealing over the course of the film that Van Helsing was the one who originally murdered him, as well as claiming ownership of a distinctive ring that Van Helsing has worn as long as he can remember. It is implied that Gabriel is actually the angel Gabriel, with vague references to Dracula's murderer as the "Left Hand of God". Jackman also voiced the character in the animated spin-off The London Assignment (2004). Other actors to have portrayed Van Helsing in film and television adaptations of Dracula include:
Appearances in other mediaNovels
AudioIn the Big Finish Productions audio drama The Tangled Skein (adapted from the novella by David Stuart Davies) Van Helsing, acting alone, joins forces with Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson to investigate the presence of vampires in London. Although initially disbelieving of Van Helsing's convictions when they read about his lectures on vampires, the duo accept his word when they are confronted and nearly killed by a vampire in Hampstead Heath, joining Van Helsing in staking the vampire. While Van Helsing is forced to focus on his lectures over the next few days, he leaves his vampire-hunting equipment with Holmes and Watson, who track Dracula to Dartmoor, where he has hidden in Baskerville Hall, and are able to defeat him using Van Helsing's advice. After Dracula is defeated when trapped in the Grimpen Mire as the sun rises, Holmes gives Van Helsing Dracula's ring as a memento of their victory, concluding that Van Helsing's research is what enabled him to destroy Dracula. ComicsAbraham Van Helsing was also portrayed in The Tomb of Dracula Marvel Comics series, which was based on the characters of Bram Stoker's novel. In the Marvel Comics miniseries Apocalypse vs. Dracula, Van Helsing joins forces with the immortal mutant Apocalypse and his worshipers, Clan Akkaba, in order to destroy Dracula, their common enemy. It is noted that Van Helsing had encountered Apocalypse before and previously believed him to be a vampire. In the Italian comic book Martin Mystère and the spin-off series Storie di Altrove/Stories from Elsewhere Van Helsing's name is Richard. He was originally a knight in the service of the Holy Roman Emperors but he was captured in 1475 by the undead warriors of the Order of the Dragon and turned into a vampire by the Wallachian Prince Vlad Dracula. Four centuries later, Van Helsing killed Dracula, and later came to London to solve the case of Jack the Ripper, eventually discovering that the murderers were mentally controlled by demons from another world. In 1902 he worked together with the resurrected Dracula to prevent the assassination of King Edward VII. Media involving Van Helsing's descendantsThere have been numerous works of fiction depicting descendants of Van Helsing carrying on the family tradition. Films
Television
Books and stories
Anime and manga
Comics and graphic novels
Games
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Johnathon Harker's Journal|page=497|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote=At nine o'clock Dr. Van Helsing, Dr. Seward and I call on Messrs}} {{Dracula}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Van Helsing, Abraham}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 26, Mina Harker's Journal|page=508|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote=HerJonathan interrupted him hotly, 'Do you mean to say, Professor Van Helsing, that you would bring Mina, in her sad case and tainted as she is with that devil's illness, right into the jaws of his deathtrap?}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 9, Letter Dr Seward to Arthur Holmwood, 2nd September|page=161|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote=I have written to my old friend and master, Professor Van Helsing, of Amsterdam}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 9, LETTER, ABRAHAM VAN HELSING, MD, DPh, D. Lit, ETC, ETC, TO DR. SEWARD 2 September|page=162|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 13, Dr. Seward's Diary|page=251|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 14, Mina Harker's Journal, 25 September|page=259|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 9, Letter from Dr. Seward to Arthur Holmwood, 2 September|pages=161–162|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 13, Dr Seward's Diary|page=238|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote='Because,' he said sternly, 'it is too late, or too early. See!' Here he held up the little golden crucifix. 'This was stolen in the night.' 'How stolen, 'I asked in wonder, 'since you have it now?' 'Because get it back from the worthless wretch who stole it, from the woman who robbed the dead and the living.}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch. 18|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Chapter 18, Dr. Seward's Diary|page=346|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 23, Jonathan Harker's Journal, 3–4 October|page=447|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote='I have an idea. I suppose it must have come in the night, and matured without my knowing it. He must hypnotize me before the dawn, and then I shall be able to speak."}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 24, Mina Harker's Journal, 4–5 October, 5 P.M.|page=454|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote=Dr. Van Helsing described what steps were taken during the day to discover on what boat and whither bound Count Dracula made his escape. 'As I knew that he wanted to get back to Transylvania, I felt sure that he must go by the Danube mouth, or by somewhere in the Black Sea, since by that way he come. whither bound Count Dracula made his escape. 'As I knew that he wanted to get back to Transylvania, I felt sure that he must go by the Danube mouth, or by somewhere in the Black Sea, since by that way he come.}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 27, Van Helsing's Memorndum, 5 November|page=530|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote=She was so fair to look on, so radiantly beautiful, so exquisitely voluptuous, that the very instinct of man in me, which calls some of my sex to love and to protect one of hers, made my head whirl with new emotion. But God be thanked, that soul wail of my dear Madam Mina had not died out of my ears. And, before the spell could be wrought further upon me,}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 19, Johnathon Harker's Journal|page=356|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 24, Johnathon Harker's Journal|page=470|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote='We shall at the first board that ship. Then, when we have identified the box, we shall place a branch of the wild rose on it. This we shall fasten, for when it is there none can emerge, so that at least says the superstition.}} 16. ^{{cite book|last1=Stoker|first1=Bram|title=Dracula|location=Ch 16, Dr. Seward's Diary|page=308|url=http://www.planetebook.com/ebooks/Dracula.pdf|quote='Take this stake in your left hand, ready to place to the point over the heart, and the hammer in your right. Then when we begin our prayer for the dead, I shall read him, I have here the book, and the others shall follow, strike in God's name, that so all may be well with the dead that we love and that the UnDead pass away.'}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2012/10/breaking-rupert-sanders-circling-universals-tom-cruise-starring-van-helsing.html|title=BREAKING: Rupert Sanders Circling Universal's Tom Cruise-Starring VAN HELSING|date=10 October 2012|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/van-helsing-reboot-jon-spaihts-eric-heisserer-universal-1201638593/|title=Universal's 'Van Helsing' Reboot Enlists Scribes Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer (EXCLUSIVE)|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=11 November 2015|publisher=}} 19. ^{{cite news|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title='Van Helsing' Series Picked Up By Syfy|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/van-helsing-series-syfy-1201603002/|accessdate=3 November 2015|work=deadline.com|date=2 November 2015}} 12 : Fictional characters introduced in 1897|Dracula characters|Fictional physicians|Fictional lawyers|Fictional professors|Fictional life scientists|Fictional vampire hunters|Fictional preachers|Fictional police commissioners|Fictional Dutch people|Horror film characters|Male characters in literature |
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