词条 | Neottia ovata |
释义 |
| name = Common Twayblade | image = Neottia ovata - Suur käopõll Niitvälja soo.jpg | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Monocots | ordo = Asparagales | familia = Orchidaceae | subfamilia = Epidendroideae | genus = Neottia | species = N. ovata | binomial = Neottia ovata | binomial_authority = (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.[1] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = *Listera ovata (L.) R.Br.
}}Neottia ovata (common twayblade or eggleaf twayblade[2]) is a terrestrial orchid widespread across much of Europe and Asia DescriptionThe flowering stems are typically {{convert|20|-|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall, occasionally up to {{convert|75|cm|in|abbr=on}}. There are two large opposite basal leaves, {{convert|5|-|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. A variable number of flowers is borne on the stems, usually more than 15 but less than 100. The flowers are small and yellowish-green in colour. The sepals and the two side petals form a fairly open hood, 5–6 mm (0.2 in) long; the labellum or lip (the central petal) is {{convert|7|-|15|mm|in|abbr=on|1}} long and is divided at the end into two lobes.[4] Due to its slender profile, small flowers and green colour this species can be hard to spot. Distribution and habitatFound across much of Europe including the British Isles, as well as Siberia, Central Asia, Southwest Asia and the Himalayas.[1] It has been introduced into Ontario, Canada, where it has been called the eggleaf twayblade.[3] Neottia ovata grows in a variety of habitats: woods, meadows, dune-slacks and moorland. EcologyThe flower of Neottia ovata is well accessible for a wide range of insects. It is above all pollinated by parasitic wasps, sawflies and beetles. The pollinia lie free on top of the gutter-shaped rostellum, an organ that is filled with viscid fluid. When an insect touches the sensitive tip of the rostellum, the viscid fluid is ejected and glues the pollinia to the visitor's body. Fruit set is quite high. Over 60 species of mycorrhizal fungi have been indicated to form associations with N. ovata.[4] Neottia ovata is one of the most common European orchid species, and this is partially explained by it being less species-selective both in terms of pollinators and mycorrhizal partners. It is also an inconspicuous species, blending in to vegetation, which saves it from being picked by humans, a fate endangering many of the showier orchid species. Despite its relative success, there is evidence that populations are declining.[5]TaxonomyNeottia is Ancient Greek for bird's nest, and comes from the appearance of the roots in Neottia nidus-avis.[6] The species epithet ovata comes from the Latin ovatus, meaning ovate or egg-shaped, and describing the leaves of the plant. Twayblade is an old English word meaning two-leaf. The common name in Germany (Zweiblatt) is very similar and has the same meaning. Common twayblade was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group,[7] and the two genera have been combined. {{multiple image|align=center|total_width=400 |width1= 955|height1=1600|image1=Listera ovata 050606.jpg|caption1=Flowering plants |width2= 900|height2=1280|image2=Listera ovata Saarland 04.jpg|caption2=Individual flower }} References1. ^1 2 {{Citation |contribution=Neottia ovata|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=134271 |accessdate=2012-04-04 }} 2. ^{{PLANTS|id=LIOV3|taxon=Liparis ovata|accessdate=22 June 2015}} 3. ^{{Citation |contribution=Plants Profile for Listera (twayblade) |title=USDA Plants |publisher=USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LISTE |accessdate=2012-04-05 }} (as Listera ovata) 4. ^[https://www.academia.edu/13387299/Mycorrhizal_diversity_seed_germination_and_long-term_changes_in_population_size_across_nine_populations_of_the_terrestrial_orchid_Neottia_ovata?auto=download Molecular Ecology - Mycorrhizal diversity, seed germination and long-term changes in population size across nine populations of the terrestrial orchid Neottia ovata] 5. ^[https://www.academia.edu/13387299/Mycorrhizal_diversity_seed_germination_and_long-term_changes_in_population_size_across_nine_populations_of_the_terrestrial_orchid_Neottia_ovata?auto=download Molecular Ecology - Mycorrhizal diversity, seed germination and long-term changes in population size across nine populations of the terrestrial orchid Neottia ovata] 6. ^[https://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Brown%20Green%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/neottia%20cordata.htm South West Colorado Wildflowers] 7. ^1 {{Citation |last=Stace |first=Clive |authorlink = Clive Stace |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publication-place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 }}, p. 864
External links
5 : Orchids of Europe|Orchids of Asia|Introduced plants of North America|Plants described in 1753|Neottia |
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