| 词条 | Dissenter |
| 释义 |
A dissenter (from the Latin dis-sentire, "to disagree") is one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc.[1] In the social and religious history of England and Wales, and, by extension, Ireland, however, it refers particularly to a member of a religious body who has, for one reason or another, separated from the Established Church or any other kind of Protestant who refuses to recognise the supremacy of the Established Church in areas where the established Church is or was Anglican.[2][3] Originally, the term included English and Welsh Roman Catholics[2] whom the original draft of the Nonconformist Relief Act 1779 styled "Protesting Catholic Dissenters". In practice, however, it designates Protestant Dissenters referred to in sec. ii. of the Act of Toleration of 1689 (see English Dissenters).[1] The term recusant, in contrast, came to refer to Roman Catholics rather than Protestant dissenters. The term has also been applied to those bodies who dissent from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, which is the national church of Scotland.[4] In this connotation, the terms "dissenter" and "dissenting", which had acquired a somewhat contemptuous flavor, have tended since the middle of the 18th century to be replaced by "nonconformist", a term which did not originally imply secession, but only refusal to conform in certain particulars (for example the wearing of the surplice), with the authorized usages of the Established Church.[2] Still more recently, the term "nonconformist" has in its turn, as the political attack on the principle of a state establishment of religion developed, tended to give way to the style of "free churches" and "Free Churchman". All three terms continue in use, "nonconformist" being the most usual, as it is the most colourless.[1] See also
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References1. ^1 2 {{Citation|title=Dissenter|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dissenter|work=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica|volume=Volume 8|access-date=2019-02-28}} {{EB1911 |wstitle=Dissenter |volume=8 |page=318}}2. ^1 2 {{citation | title = The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | editor1-first = FL | editor1-last = Cross | editor2-first = EA | editor2-last = Livingstone | publisher = Oxford University Press | place = USA | edition = 3rd | page = 490 | date = March 13, 1997}}. 3. ^{{cite book |last1= Parker |first1= Irene |authorlink1= |title= Dissenting academies in England: their rise and progress, and their place among the educational systems of the country |url= https://archive.org/details/dissentingacadem00parkiala/ |format= |accessdate= |year=1914 & 2009|publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= |language= |isbn=978-0-521-74864-3|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.covenanter.org/RefPres/shortaccount.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-09-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813021129/http://covenanter.org/RefPres/shortaccount.htm |archivedate=2015-08-13 |df= }} 2 : English Dissenters|Nonconformism |
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