| 词条 | Dmitry Yazov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Dmitry Yazov Дми́трий Я́зов | honorific_prefix= Marshal of the Soviet Union | image = Marshal Dmitry Yazov.jpg | caption = Marshal Yazov in 2013 | nationality = Soviet/Russian | office = Minister of Defence | term_start = 30 May 1987 | term_end = 22 August 1991 | premier = Nikolai Ryzhkov Valentin Pavlov | predecessor = Sergei Sokolov | successor = Yevgeny Shaposhnikov | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1924|11|8|df=y}} | birth_place = Omsk Oblast, Soviet Union | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | profession = | otherparty = Communist Party of the Soviet Union | allegiance = {{flag|Soviet Union}} {{flag|Russia}} | branch = Soviet Army Russian Ground Forces | serviceyears = 1941–1994 | rank = Marshal | commands = | battles = World War II Soviet–Afghan War | awards = |}} Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov ({{lang-ru|Дми́трий Тимофе́евич Я́зов}}; born 8 November 1924) was the last Marshal of the Soviet Union to be appointed (on 28 April 1990) before the fall of the Soviet Union. He was the only Marshal of the Soviet Union to be born in Siberia. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Yazov is the last surviving Soviet Marshal and the only military marshal not to have been awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. BiographyIn 1971–1973, he commanded the 32nd Army Corps in the Crimean region of the Odessa Military District. In 1979–1980, Yazov was commander of the Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia. He was commanding the Far East Military District in the northern summer of 1986, when, according to Time magazine, he made a favourable impression on General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, which led to later promotions. He held the post of Soviet Defence Minister from May 1987. From June 1987 to July 1990, Yazov was a candidate member of the Politburo.[1] He was a key part of Black January. Yazov was responsible for deployment of Russian OMON commando units to Latvia and Lithuania in early 1991. During the August Coup of 1991, Yazov was a member of the State Emergency Committee, for which he was removed from his post by Gorbachev. During the Yeltsin period, Yazov was prosecuted and acquitted in 1994. Yazov spent 18 months in Matrosskaya Tishina. According to the magazine Vlast No. 41(85) of 14 October 1991 "...from the prison contacted the President with a recorded video message, where repented and called himself "an old fool"". Yazov denies ever doing so. He did accept the amnesty offered by Yeltsin, stating that he was not guilty. He was dismissed from the military service by Presidential Order and awarded a ceremonial weapon. He was awarded an order of Honor by the President of Russian Federation. Yazov later worked as a military adviser at the General Staff Academy. Despite his selection by Gorbachev for the Defence Minister's position, William Odom, in his book The Collapse of the Soviet Military, repeats Alexander Yakovlev's description of Yazov as a "mediocre officer", "fit to command a division but nothing higher".[2] Odom suggests Gorbachev was only looking for "careerists who would follow orders, any orders". In March 2019, the Lithuanian court Yazov found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity over a deadly military crackdown in 1991 and sentenced him 10 years in jail. Russia refused to extradite Yazov, a Russian citizen.[3] In popular cultureYazov appears in Tom Clancy's Cold War espionage thriller The Cardinal of the Kremlin in his capacity as Defence Minister and the superior of the titular spy Colonel Filitov. Honours and awardsSoviet Orders and Medals
Russian Federation Orders and Medals
Foreign awards
Religious award
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Dmitry Yazov|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/yazov.htm|website=www.globalsecurity.org|accessdate=11 September 2017}} 2. ^Odom, 1998, p. 111 3. ^{{cite news |title=Lithuania convicts Russians of war crimes under Soviet rule |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47725239?fbclid=IwAR2BmQ5JQ_ZoiFdHpB2jYg9K3Vpcxe9LVBoeFKDvmlkf3VpcRVW2HrbNk0g |accessdate=28 March 2019 |agency=BBC News |date=27 March 2019}} External links
title=Minister of Defence of Soviet Union| years=1987–1991| before= Sergei Sokolov| after=Yevgeny Shaposhnikov }}{{s-end}}{{Marshals of the Soviet Union}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Yazov, Dimitri Timofeyevich}} 17 : 1924 births|Living people|Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Marshals of the Soviet Union|People from Okoneshnikovsky District|Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union candidate members|State Committee on the State of Emergency members|People convicted in absentia|Recipients of the Medal "For Distinction in Guarding the State Border of the USSR"|Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class|Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner|Recipients of the Scharnhorst Order|Soviet Ministers of Defence|Recipients of the Order of Civil Merit (Syria) |
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