| 词条 | Donald Somervell, Baron Somervell of Harrow |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Somervell of Harrow | honorific-suffix = OBE PC | image = Donaldsomervell.jpg | order1 = Home Secretary | term_start1 = 25 May 1945 | term_end1 = 26 July 1945 | primeminister1 = Winston Churchill | predecessor1 = Herbert Morrison | successor1 = James Chuter Ede | order2 = Attorney General for England and Wales | term_start2 = 18 March 1936 | term_end2 = 25 May 1945 | primeminister2 = Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill | predecessor2 = Sir Thomas Inskipp | successor2 = Sir David Maxwell Fyfe | order3 = Solicitor General for England and Wales | term_start3 = 29 September 1933 | term_end3 = 19 March 1936 | primeminister3 = Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin | predecessor3 = Sir Boyd Merriman | successor3 = Sir Terence O'Connor | birth_date = {{Birth-date|24 August 1889}} | birth_place = Harrow on the Hill, London, England | death_date = {{death-date|18 November 1960}} (aged 71) | death_place = Marylebone, London, England | nationality = British | party = Conservative | alma_mater = Magdalen College, Oxford | spouse = Loelia Helen Buchan-Hepburn (1897-1945) }} Donald Bradley Somervell, Baron Somervell of Harrow, OBE, PC (24 August 1889 – 18 November 1960) was a British barrister, judge and Conservative Party politician. He served as Solicitor General and Attorney General from 1933–45 and was briefly Home Secretary in Winston Churchill's 1945 caretaker government. Background, education and legal careerSomervell was the son of Robert Somervell, master and bursar of Harrow School, and was educated at Harrow before reading Chemistry with a demyship at Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating with a First in 1911. In 1912 he was elected a prize fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, the first chemist to be elected.[1] He then joined the Inner Temple, but his legal training was interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War. Commissioned into the British Army, he served with the Middlesex Regiment and the 53rd Brigade in India and Mesopotamia. For his war service, he was appointed OBE in 1919.[1] Having been called to the bar in absentia in 1916, he completed his pupillage and practiced in the chambers of William Jowitt, specialising in commercial law matters arising out of the Treaty of Versailles.[1] He took silk in 1929.[2] Political careerIn 1929 he entered politics. Although a Liberal by inclination, the decline of that party and his admiration for the then-Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin led him to instead join the Conservative Party and he stood unsuccessfully for Crewe in the 1929 general election. He won the seat in the 1931 election and held it for the next fourteen years. In 1933 he became Solicitor General,[3] receiving the customary knighthood,[4] followed three years later by a promotion to Attorney General. In this latter post he served for no less than nine years, during which he oversaw crises such as the Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII. He was the longest-serving Attorney General since 1754.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} He was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1938 Birthday Honours.[5] He was Recorder of Kingston upon Thames from 1940 to 1946.[1] In 1945 he was briefly Home Secretary in Winston Churchill's caretaker government. Both the government and Somervell were defeated in that year's general election. Judicial careerIn 1946, Somervell was made a Lord Justice of Appeal by Clement Attlee. In 1951 Churchill returned to power but passed over Somervell's claims to the Lord Chancellorship.[1] On 4 October 1954 Somervell became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and, as a Law Lord, he received a life peerage as Baron Somervell of Harrow, of Ewelme in the County of Oxford.[6] He retired in 1960, shortly before his death. Family{{unreferenced section|date=April 2016}}Somervell married Loelia Helen Buchan-Hepburn, daughter of Sir Archibald Buchan-Hepburn, 4th Baronet, in 1933. She died in July 1945, aged 48. Somervell survived her by fifteen years and died in November 1960, aged 71. His grave can be found in the grounds of Saint Mary's Church in Ewelme, opposite that of the writer Jerome K. Jerome. Arms{{Infobox COA wide|image = |coronet = Coronet of a baron |orders = Order of the British Empire |escutcheon = Azure three Lozenges in fess Or each charged with a Mullet of the field accompanied by seven Cross Crosslets of the second four in chief and three in base all within a Bordure Ermine for difference |supporters = On either side a Wyvern Vert spouting Flames proper charged on the shoulder with a Wheel Or |crest = A Wheel Or upon it a Dragon Vert spouting Flames proper [7] }} References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite ODNB|author=Evershed|author2=Marc Brodie|title=Somervell, Donald Bradley, Baron Somervell of Harrow|id=36189}} 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33473 |date=1 March 1929 |page=1448}} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33983 |date=3 October 1933 |page=6351}} 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33984 |date=6 October 1933 |page=6418}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34525 |date=24 June 1938 |page=4056}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=40294|date=5 October 1954|page=5649}} 7. ^http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/somervellharr1954.htm External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Crewe | years = 1931–1945 | before = John William Bowen | after = Scholefield Allen }}{{s-legal}}{{succession box | title=Solicitor General for England and Wales | before=Sir Boyd Merriman | after=Sir Terence O'Connor | years=1933–1936}}{{succession box | title=Attorney General for England and Wales | before=Sir Thomas Inskip | after=Sir David Maxwell Fyfe | years=1936–1945}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title=Home Secretary | before=Herbert Morrison | after=Chuter Ede | years=1945}}{{s-end}}{{HomeSecretary}}{{Churchill Caretaker Ministry}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Somervell, Donald Bradley}} 19 : 1889 births|1960 deaths|British Secretaries of State|Secretaries of State for the Home Department|Law lords|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|People educated at Harrow School|Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford|UK MPs 1931–35|UK MPs 1935–45|Solicitors General for England and Wales|Attorneys General for England and Wales|Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council|Knights Bachelor|Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford|English Queen's Counsel|Middlesex Regiment officers |
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