“Academy Scientific and Technical Award”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Scientific and Technical Awards are three different Honorary Awards that are given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) during the annual Academy Awards season.^[1]^[2] The Awards have been presented since the 4th Academy Awards in November 1931, to recognize original developments resulting in significant improvements in motion picture production and exhibition.^[2] The Awards are presented at a formal dinner ceremony a couple weeks before the principal Academy Awards ceremony.^[2]

These awards recognize significant milestones in the development of technology for motion pictures and are conferred by vote of the Academy Board of Governors. Potential nominations for awards are investigated by a special committee within the Academy, "The Scientific and Technical Awards Committee", which presents a written report and recommendation to the Board of Governors.^[5]

Additionally, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, given for "outstanding service and dedication in upholding the high standards of the Academy", and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, both also considered Honorary Awards, are usually also chosen by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee and conferred at this annual presentation dinner ceremony.^[6]^[7]

Three kinds of Scientific and Technical Awards

Innovations in motion pictures technology are recognized with the following awards:

Award of Merit

From the 4th Academy Awards in 1931 through the 50th Academy Awards in 1978 the award was originally called the "Class I Scientific and Technical Award." The award is non-competitive. Winners receive an Oscar statuette.^[1] {{as of|2018}}, 50 achievements have been recognized with an Award of Merit.

Sci-Tech Award of Merit Recipients ^[9]

Year

Recipient(s)

1930/1931 (4th)

To Electrical Research Products, Inc., RCA-Photophone, Inc., and RKO Radio Pictures, Inc., for noise reduction recording equipment
To Dupont Film Manufacturing Corp., and Eastman Kodak Company for super-sensitive panchromatic film

1936 (9th)

To Douglas Shearer and the MGM Studio Sound Department "for the development of a practical two-way horn system and a biased Class A push-pull recording system"

1937 (10th)

To Agfa Ansco Corporation for Agfa Supreme and Agfa Ultra Speed pan motion picture negatives

1940 (13th)

To 20th Century-Fox Film Corp. for the design and construction of the 20th Century Silenced Camera, developed by Daniel Clark, Grover Laube, Charles Miller, and Robert W. Stephens

1949 (22nd)

To Eastman Kodak Company "for the development and introduction of an improved safety base motion picture film"

1952 (25th)

To Eastman Kodak Company for the introduction of Eastman color negative and Eastman color print film
To Ansco Film Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation for the introduction of Ansco color negative and Ansco color print film

1953 (26th)

To Professor Henri Chretien and Earl Sponable, Sol Halprin, Lorin Grignon, Herbert Bragg, and Carl Faulkner of 20th Century Fox-Studios "for creating, developing, and engineering the equipment, processes, and techniques known as CinemaScope"
To Fred Waller "for designing and developing the multiple photographic and projection systems which culminated in Cinerama"

1954 (27th)

To Paramount Pictures, Inc., Loren L. Ryder, John R. Bishop, "and all the members of the technical and engineering staff for developing a method of producing and exhibiting motion pictures known as VistaVision"

1955 (28th)

To the National Carbon Co. "for the development and production of a high efficiency yellow flame carbon for motion picture color photography"

1957 (30th)

To the Todd-AO Corp. and Westrex Corp. "for developing a method of producing and exhibiting wide-film motion pictures known as the Todd-AO system"
To the Motion Picture Research Council "for the design and development of a high efficiency projection screen for drive-in theaters"

1964 (37th)

To Petro Vlahos, Wadsworth E. Pohl, and Ub Iwerks "for the conception and perfection of techniques for Color Traveling Matte Composite Cinematography"

1968 (41st)

To Philip V. Palmquist of Minnesota Mining and Manufacture Co., to Herbert Meyer of the Motion Picture and Television Research Center, and to Charles D. Staffell of the Rank Organization "for the development of a successful embodiment of the reflex background projection system for composite cinematography"
To Eastman Kodak Company "for the development and introduction of a color reversal intermediate film for motion pictures"

1977 (50th)

To Garrett Brown and the Cinema Products Corporation Engineering Staff "under the supervision of John Jurgens for the invention and development of Steadicam"

1978 (51st)

To Eastman Kodak Company "for the research and development of a Duplicating Color Film for motion pictures"
To Stefan Kudelski of Nagra Magnetic Recorders, Incorporated, "for the continuing research, design, and development of the Nagra Production Sound Recorder for Motion Pictures"
To Panavision, Incorporated, "and its engineering staff under the direction of Robert E. Gottschalk, for the concept, design, and continuous development of the Panaflex Motion Picture Camera System"

1979 (52nd)

To Mark Serrurier "for the progressive development of the Moviola from the 1924 invention of his father, Iwan Serrurier, to the present Series 20 sophisticated film editing equipment"

1980 (53rd)

To Linwood G. Dunn, Cecil D. Love, and AcmeTool and Manufacturing Company "for the concept, engineering, and development of the Acme-Dunn Optical Printer for motion picture special effects"

1981 (54th)

To Fuji Film Photo Company, Ltd. "for the research, development, and introduction of a new Ultra-high-speed color negative film for motion pictures"

1982 (55th)

To August Arnold and Erich Kastner of Arnold & Richter, GmbH, "for the concept and engineering of the first operation 35mm, hand-held, spinning-mirror reflex, motion picture camera"

1983 (56th)

To Kurt Larche of Osram GmbH "for the research and development of xenon short-arc discharge lamps for motion picture projection"

1987 (60th)

To Bernard Kuhl, and Werner Block, and to the Osram GmbH Research and Development Department "for the invention and continuing improvement of the Osram HMI light source for motion picture photography"

1988 (61st)

To Ray Dolby and Ioan Allen of Dolby Laboratories Incorporated "for their continuous contributions to motion picture sound through the research and development programs of Dolby Laboratories"

1990 (63rd)

To Eastman Kodak Company "for the development of T-Grain technology and the introduction of EXR color negative films which utilize this technology"

1992 (65th)

To Chadwell O’Connor of the O'Connor Engineering Laboratories "for the concept and engineering of the fluid-damped camera head for motion picture photography"

1993 (66th)

To Panavision for the Auto Panatar anamorphic photographic lens
To Manfred G. Michelson of Technical Film Systems, Incorporated, "for the design and development of the first sprocket-driven film transport system for color print film processors which permits transport speeds in excess of 600 feet per minute"

1994 (67th)

To Petro Vlahos and Paul Vlahos "for the conception and development of the Ultimatte Electronic Blue Screen Compositing Process for motion pictures
To the Eastman Kodak Company for the development of the Eastman EXR Color Intermediate Film 5244"

1996 (69th)

To IMAX Corporation "for the method of filming and exhibiting high-fidelity, large-format, wide-angle motion pictures"

1997 (70th)

To Gunnar P. Michelson "for the engineering and development of an improved, electronic, high-speed, precision light valve for use in motion picture printing machines"

1998 (71st)

To Avid Technology, Inc., "for the concept, system design, and engineering of the Avid Film Composer for motion picture editing"

2000 (73rd)

To Rob Cook, Loren Carpenter, and Ed Catmull "for their significant advancements to the field of motion picture rendering exemplified in Pixar’s Renderman"

2002 (75th)

To Alias/Wavefront "for the development of a 3D animation, dynamics, modeling, and rendering production tool known as Maya"
To Arnold & Richter Cine Technik and Panavison, Inc., "for their continuing development and innovation in the design and manufacturing of advanced camera systems specifically designed for the motion picture entertainment industry"

2003 (76th)

To Digidesign "for the design, development, and implementation of the ProTools digital audio workstation"
To Bill Tondreau of Kuper Controls "for his significant advancements in the field of motion picture control technology for motion picture visual effects"

2004 (77th)

To Horst Burbulla "for the invention and continuing development of the Technocrane telescoping camera crane"
To Jean-Marie Lavalou, Alain Masseron, and David Samuelson "for the engineering and development of the Louma Camera Crane and remote system for motion picture production"

2007 (80th)

To the Eastman Kodak Company "for the development of photographic emulsion technologies incorporated into the Kodak Vision2 family of color negative films"

2011 (84th)

To Franz Kraus. Johannes Steurer, and Wolfgang Riedel "for the design and development of the ARRILASER film recorder"

2012 (85th)

To Cooke Optics Limited "for their continuing innovation in the design and development of the ARRILASER film recorder"

2013 (86th)

To all those who built and operated film laboratories, "for over a century of service to the motion picture industry"

2014 (87th)

To Larry Hornbeck "for the invention of digital micromirror technology as used in DLP cinema projection"

2017 (90th)

To Mark Elendt and Side Effects Software "for the creation and development of the Houdini visual effects and animation system"

Scientific and Engineering Award

The Scientific and Engineering Award is given for scientific achievements that produce a definite influence on the advancement of the motion picture industry. Achievements need not have been developed and introduced during the award year.^[10]

Technical Achievement Award

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |title=History of the Scientific & Technical Awards |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/history |accessdate=2017-03-03}}
2. ^¹²{{cite web|title=About (Sci-Tech Awards) |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/about |accessdate=2017-02-27}}
3. ^{{Cite web|author=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/honorary01.html |title=About Academy Awards: Honorary Award |work=Official Academy Award Website |format=Web |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), Oscars.org |accessdate=2008-08-01 |quote=The Honorary Award can also take the form of a life membership in the Academy, a scroll, a medal, a certificate or any other design chosen by the Board of Governors. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409013646/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/honorary01.html |archivedate=2008-04-09 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|author=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|url= http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/achievement.html|title=Special Achievement Award|work=Official Academy Award Website|format=Web|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), Oscars.org|accessdate=2008-07-29|quote=The Special Achievement Award, an Oscar statuette, is given for an achievement which makes an exceptional contribution to the motion picture for which it was created, but for which there is no annual award category. ... Unlike an Honorary Award, a Special Achievement Award is conferred only for achievements in films which meet the Academy's eligibility year and deadline requirements. ... In the Makeup and Sound Effects Editing categories, the Award can be given if those committees fail to come up with three nominations. In that case the committee may recommend to the Board of Governors that a special Achievement Award be voted instead. That was the case in the Visual Effects category, too, before Visual Effects became an annual award. ... Thirteen of the 17 Special Achievement Awards given since the category was instituted in 1972 were given for visual effects or sound effects achievements.}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=The jokes, the scene (oh, and the winners) at the film academy's Scientific and Technical Awards |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |author=Josh Rottenberg |date=February 12, 2017 |accessdate=February 20, 2017 |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-oscars-sci-tech-awards-2017-story.html }}
6. ^{{cite web|author=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/bonner.html |title=John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation |work=Official Academy Award Website |format=Web |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), Oscars.org |accessdate=2008-08-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705032814/http://www3.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/bonner.html |archivedate=5 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|author=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/sawyer.html |title=Gordon E. Sawyer Award |work=Official Academy Award Website |format=Web |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), Oscars.org |accessdate=2008-08-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820103233/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/sawyer.html |archivedate=20 August 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
8. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080107024134/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/scientific.html Scientific and Engineering Award (archived from the original on 2008-07-05)]. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences official website (archived). Retrieved 2017-02-27. "If an achievement has had a definite influence on the advancement of the industry, it may qualify for a Scientific and Engineering Award (a bronze tablet with the name of the award in raised lettering, and a representation of the Oscar statuette in bas relief to one side of the plaque). Affixed to the base is a plate engraved with a description of the achievement and the names of the contributors."
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org|title=AMPAS database|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Scientific and Engineering Award|url=http://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/scientific-engineering|website=Oscars|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=7 April 2017|language=en|date=17 July 2014}}

External links

[https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies "Scientific and Technical Awards"] – Index for these Awards on the official Web site of the Academy Awards (oscars.org).

Official Academy Award Database – Searchable.

"Academy Award of Merit", [https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/about "Scientific and Engineering Award" and "Technical Achievement Award"] – Description of these Academy Awards

2 : Honorary Academy Awards|American science and technology awards