| 词条 | Protected areas of Nepal |
| 释义 |
The protected areas of Nepal cover mainly forested land and are located at various altitudes in the Terai, in the foothills of the Himalayas and in the mountains, thus encompassing a multitude of landscapes and preserving a vast biodiversity in the Palearctic and Indomalayan ecozones. Nepal covers {{convert|147181|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in the central part of the Himalayas. Altitudes range from {{convert|67|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the south-eastern Terai to {{convert|8848|m|ft|abbr=on}} at Sagarmatha within a short horizontal span. This extreme altitudinal gradient has resulted in 11 bio-climatic zones ranging from lower tropical below {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} to nival above {{convert|5000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the High Himalayas, encompassing nine terrestrial ecoregions with 36 vegetation types. Botanists recorded 1,120 species of non-flowering plants and 5,160 species of flowering plants. Nepal ranks 10th in terms of richest flowering plant diversity in Asia. Zoologists recorded 181 mammal species, 844 bird species, 100 reptile species, 43 amphibian species, 185 freshwater fish species, and 635 butterfly species. In recognition of the magnitude of biodiversity the Government of Nepal has established a network of 20 protected areas since 1973, consisting of ten national parks, three wildlife reserves, six conservation areas and one hunting reserve.[1][2][3][4][5] In 2017, the Shuklaphanta and Parsa Wildlife Reserves were upgraded to National Parks.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Additionally, nine Ramsar sites were declared between 1988 and 2008.[6][7] National parks
Wildlife reserves
Conservation areas
Hunting Reserve
Ramsar SitesThe following Ramsar sites were declared between 1988 and 2008:[6]
References1. ^Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Kathmandu, {{ISBN|978-92-9115-033-5}} 2. ^Bhushal, R. P. (2010). Nod to Banke National Park. The Himalayan Times, 13 May 2010 3. ^{{cite book |title=Bird Survey of Api Nampa Conservation Area in Nepal, 2016: Report to the Api Nampa Conservation Area Office, Khalanga, Darchula, Nepal |publisher=Nepalese Ornithological Union and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation |author=Chaudhary, H., Poudyal, L.P. |location=Kathmandu, Nepal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322166271_Bird_Survey_of_Api_Nampa_Conservation_Area_in_Nepal_2016}} 4. ^NTNC (2010). Gaurishankar Conservation Area Project. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal. 5. ^DNPWC (2014). Blackbuck Conservation Area {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132953/http://www.dnpwc.gov.np/index.php/page/40 |date=2015-01-28 }}. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu. 6. ^1 Bhandari, B. B. (2009). Wise use of Wetlands in Nepal. Banko Janakari 19 (3): 10–17. 7. ^Kafle, G. and I. A. T. Savillo (2009). Present status of Ramsar sites in Nepal. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 1 (5): 146–150. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley: a new Ramsar Site of Nepal|url=http://www.iucn.org/content/lake-cluster-pokhara-valley-new-ramsar-site-nepal|website=IUCN|accessdate=2 February 2016}} External links
4 : Protected areas of Nepal|Nepal geography-related lists|Lists of national parks|Lists of tourist attractions in Nepal |
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