| 词条 | Rutul language |
| 释义 |
| name = Rutul | nativename = мыхӀабишды чӀел myxʼabišdy č̣el | pronunciation = [mɨxabiʃdɨ t͡ʃʼɛl] | states = Russia, Azerbaijan | region = Southern Dagestan, Russian–Azerbaijani border | ethnicity = Rutul | speakers = 36,400 | date = 2010 census | ref = [1] | familycolor = Caucasian | fam1 = Northeast Caucasian | fam2 = Lezgic | fam3 = Samur | fam4 = Western Samur | script = Cyrillic | nation = {{flag|Dagestan}} | map = Caucasus-ethnic roetoelen.png | mapcaption = Rutul in the Caucasus | iso3 = rut | glotto = rutu1240 | glottorefname = Rutul }} Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 30,000 people in Dagestan (2010 census)[2] and 17,000 (no date) in Azerbaijan.[3] The word Rutul derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.[4]{{broken citation|date=January 2010}} Rutul is endangered in Russia[5] and classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[6] ClassificationRutul belongs to the Lezgic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family. The Rutuls call their language myxʼabišdy čʼel. HistoryRutul was not a written language until the writing system for it (based on Cyrillic) was developed in 1990. A Latin alphabet was developed in 2013 based on the Shin-Shorsu dialect.[7] Speakers are often bilingual or multilingual, having a good command of the Azeri, Lezgian and/or Russian languages. There are 8 dialects and 2 subdialects of Rutul. The literary version of the language remains in the process of development. In the Rutul-populated regions of southern Russia, Rutul is taught in primary schools (grades 1 to 4).[4]{{broken citation|date=January 2010}} Related languagesAmong the languages of the Lezgic group, Tsakhur appears to be the closest relative of Rutul.[8]{{broken citation|date=January 2010}} Other than these two, there are seven more languages in the Lezgic group, namely: Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi. See also
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rut|title=Rutul|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-07-31|language=en}} 2. ^Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года 3. ^{{e17|rut}} 4. ^1 {{ru icon}} ETHEO: Rutul Language 5. ^Published in: Encyclopedia of the world’s endangered languages. Edited by Christopher Moseley. London & New York: Routledge, 2007. 211–280. 6. ^UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger 7. ^{{Cite web |url= http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/71/16/90/71169050965608079497039264944293532638/SILForum2015_002.pdf |title= Important Factors in the Development of an Orthography: Shin-Shorsu Rutul—a Case Study |last=Clarkson |first=Jonathan |last2=Iurkova |first2=Elena |series=SIL Forum for Language Fieldwork 2015-002 |publisher=SIL International |date= December 2015 |archive-url= http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/63843 |archivedate=2015 |access-date= 2016-06-22}} 8. ^{{ru icon}} The Tsakhur language. The ETHEO Project. Last updated 11 October 2005. Retrieved 26 December 2006 External links{{Incubator|code=rut}}
5 : Lezgian languages|Northeast Caucasian languages|Languages of Azerbaijan|Languages of Russia|Endangered Caucasian languages |
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