| 词条 | Espanola, Ontario |
| 释义 |
|name = Espanola |official_name = Town of Espanola |settlement_type = Town (single-tier) |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Espanola Ontario.JPG |image_caption = Spanish River and Domtar mill in Espanola |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Canada Ontario |pushpin_mapsize = 200 |pushpin_label_position = top |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{CAN}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = {{ON}} |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Sudbury |government_type = Town |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Jill Beer |leader_title2 = MP |leader_name2 = Carol Hughes (NDP) |leader_title3 = MPP |leader_name3 = Michael Mantha (NDP) |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1900s |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date2 = 1958 |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = [1] |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = 82.82 |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 4996 |population_density_km2 = 60.3 |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|46|15|N|81|46|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =|elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area|postal_code = P5E|area_code = 705 & 249|blank_name = Highways|blank_info = {{jct|state=ON|Hwy|17|TCH}} {{jcon|Hwy|6}}|website = www.espanola.ca/|footnotes =}}Espanola (2016 census population 4,996) is a town in Northern Ontario, Canada, in the Sudbury District. It is situated on the Spanish River, approximately 70 kilometres west of downtown Sudbury, and just south of the junction of Highway 6 and Highway 17.== History =====Origin===The name "Espanola" has been attributed to a story which dates back to the mid 18th century. The story goes that a First Nations Ojibwa tribe of the area sent a raiding party a long distance to the south and brought back with them a white woman who spoke Spanish. The Spanish woman married a local Annishnabeg (First Nations) of a family living near the mouth of the river and taught her children to speak Spanish. Later, when the French voyageurs and coureurs des bois came upon the settlement and heard fragments of Spanish spoken by the local natives, they remarked "Espagnole", which had been later anglicized to "Espanola", and the river was named the Spanish River.===Company town===Espanola was founded in the early 1900s as a company town for the employees of the Spanish River Pulp and Paper company, a subsidiary of the Mead Corporation, which opened a pulp and paper mill there. The town expanded quickly becoming a bustling company town with a hotel, school and theatre. On January 21, 1910, a Canadian Pacific Railway passenger train derailed off a trestle 10 km. east of Espanola. Forty-three people died from the railcar's 27-foot plunge into the icy water of the Spanish River. It was one of the CPR's worst railway accidents.In 1927, Abitibi Power and Paper Company acquired the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Mills from Mead,{{sfn|Karn|2010|p=4}} in a transaction that was subsequently seen to be highly overvalued{{sfn|Karn|2010|p=5}} and having a conflict of interest that was ultimately detrimental to Abitibi’s shareholders.{{sfn|Karn|2010|p=4}} Changing economic conditions brought on by the Great Depression forced the closure of the Spanish River facility in 1929.{{sfn|Boothman|1994|p=30}}Espanola became a ghost town until the Second World War, when the mill site became a camp for German prisoners of war. During the final years of the Hepburn government, it sought to stimulate employment in Northern Ontario in order to stabilize its political position.{{sfn|Boothman|1994|p=30}} In that regard, it encouraged negotiations between Abitibi and Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Company of Parchment, Michigan which resulted in the sale of Abitibi's Spanish River facility (at that time its largest non-economic asset) in 1943.{{sfn|Boothman|1994|p=30}} It subsequently resumed operation as the KVP Company, producing specialty kraft paper.In 1948, KVP was sued for nuisance in allowing noxious effluent to be discharged into the Spanish River, and an injunction was issued barring it from making any further discharge.{{cite CanLII|litigants=McKie v. The K.V.P. Company Limited (and four other actions)|link=|year=1948|court=onsc|num=93|format=canlii|parallelcite=[1948] OR 398|date=1948-04-15|courtname=auto}}, affirmed in {{cite CanLII|litigants=K.V.P. Company Ltd. v. McKie et al.|link=|year=1948|court=onca|num=14|format=canlii|parallelcite=|date=1948-11-22|courtname=auto}} 3. ^{{cite CanLII|litigants=K.V.P. Co. Ltd. v. McKie et al.|link=|year=1949|court=scc|num=8|format=canlii|parallelcite=[1949] SCR 698|date=1949-10-04}} 4. ^{{Cite canlaw|short title =The KVP Company Limited Act, 1950|abbr =S.O.|year =1950|chapter = 33|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1950onta#page/244/mode/2up}} 5. ^{{Cite canlaw|short title =The Lakes and Rivers Improvement Amendment Act, 1949|abbr =S.O.|year =1949|chapter = 48|section = 6|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1949onta#page/180/mode/2up}} 6. ^Legislation Act, 2006, s. 98(3), as enacted by the {{Cite canlaw|short title = Access to Justice Act, 2006|abbr = S.O.|year = 2006|chapter = 21|schedule = F|link = http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/statutes/english/2006/elaws_src_s06021_e.htm|linkloc = e-laws.gov.on.ca}} 7. ^{{cite book |last= Brubaker|first= Elizabeth|date= 1995|title= Property Rights in the Defence of Nature|chapter= 4: In the Name of the Public Good|url= http://www.e-b-i.net/enviroprobe/pridon/chapter4.html|location= Toronto|publisher= Environment Probe|page= |isbn= 0-91984924-5}} 8. ^http://www.worldslongestgame.com/Default.aspx?tabid=33 9. ^Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 census Further readingBibliographies
Economic history
External links{{Wikivoyage|Espanola (Ontario)|Espanola}}
| Centre = Espanola | North = Baldwin | Northeast = Nairn and Hyman | East = Unorganized North Sudbury | Southeast = | South = Unorganized North Sudbury | Southwest = | West = Sables-Spanish Rivers | Northwest = }}{{Sudbury District, Ontario}} 3 : Company towns in Canada|Espanola, Ontario|Single-tier municipalities in Ontario |
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