“Fairford”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fairford is a small town in Gloucestershire, England. The town lies in the Cotswold hills on the River Coln, {{convert|6|mi|km}} east of Cirencester, {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of Lechlade and {{convert|9|mi|km}} north of Swindon. Nearby are RAF Fairford and the Cotswold Water Park.

Governance

After a boundary review implemented for the 2015 local elections, Fairford was split into two District Council electoral wards called Fairford North Ward (single member) and Lechlade, Kempsford and Fairford South Ward (two member). On Cotswold District Council Fairford North Ward is represented by Liberal Democrat Andrew Doherty and Lechlade, Kempsford and Fairford South Ward is represented by Conservative Councillors Stephen Andrews and Sue Coakley.

The town is represented on Gloucestershire County Council by Conservative Councillor Ray Theodoulou who represents the Fairford and Lechlade on Thames Division.

Fairford North Ward

Lechlade, Kempsford and Fairford South Ward

Fairford and Lechlade on Thames Division

Schools

The town's secondary school is Farmor's School, an 11–18 co-educational academy. The school was judged to be of outstanding standard, having achieved grade 1 in its Ofsted inspection in 2010.^[3]

Events

For three days every year RAF Fairford hosts the world's largest military air show – the Royal International Air Tattoo. The event brings a boost to the economy of the town and surrounding areas.

In March 2003 "Flowers to Fairford" was held as a protest against the use of USAF Fairford as the base for the 14 B-52 bombers aircraft which were used to bomb Iraq. Several thousand people attended and there was a large police presence, but the event passed off peacefully.^[4]

Other people intending to protest did experience an incident. The Fairford Coach Action group states that, "On 22 March 2003, the police used surprisingly extreme tactics to prevent more than 120 activists from reaching [the] legally sanctioned anti-war demonstration in Fairford, (Gloucestershire, UK). The demonstration outside a US Airforce Base in Fairford was well attended with estimates of up to 5,000 activists attending. Among the scheduled speakers on the day were writer George Monbiot and Caroline Lucas (MEP). The people who police prevented from attending were a diverse group with a broad range of affiliations. The main thing that they had in common was the desire to travel from London by coach and the intention of joining the legal protest in Fairford. Two of the four main scheduled speakers for the Fairford demonstration were travelling on these coaches from London. After the coaches had travelled two and a half hours from London, the coaches were stopped by police just miles from the demonstration. Using section 60 powers (of the Public Order and Criminal Justice Act 1994) police searched the coaches for weapons for one and a half hours. The passengers cooperated with this search, and they were invited to reboard the coaches when the search concluded. No arrests were made and no items found. After all the passengers boarded, the coaches were escorted immediately back to London under a continuous 9–12 vehicle police escort." The police action resulted in a court Case^[5]

The Ernest Cook Trust has its headquarters in Fairford Park, which used to host the annual Fairford Steam Rally and Show. The Show closed in 2015 after running for 46 years.^[6]

In July 2007 Fairford suffered unseasonably high rainfall which led to major flooding of 64 homes on Milton Street and London Street as well as in some other surrounding areas. This meant that many of the annual events had to be cancelled.

Literature

"The Secret Diary of Sarah Thomas, 1860 – 1865", is a published journal by a Victorian diarist living in Fairford. It features local landmarks.^[7]

Sport and leisure

Fairford has a non-league football team Fairford Town F.C. who play and train at Cinder Lane. Fairford have their own rugby team FRFC, playing in green and black strip.

Transport

Fairford was formerly linked to Oxford by the Witney Railway and its extension the East Gloucestershire Railway. There have been reports that part of the old track could be cleared of accumulated mountains of detritus and overgrown trees to be re-opened as a cycle path. There is a bus service to Cirencester and Lechlade, from where travellers can transfer to another bus and travel onwards to Swindon.

Churches

St Mary's Church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary is renowned for its complete set of medieval stained glass, stone carvings and misericords. Built in the early 1490s by the wool merchant John Tame (d.1500), the church^[8] is an example of late Perpendicular Gothic architecture that is characterised by slim stone window mullions and light but strong buttresses. The style enabled larger windows than previously, allowing much more light into the building. Grade 1 listed by English Heritage, its structure and details remains unaltered since built.^[9]

Stained glass, St Mary's Church

St. Mary's is of national historical and architectural importance because it houses the most complete set of mediaeval stained glass windows in the country, attributed to Barnard Flower. The glass survived the Reformation when many images in English churches were destroyed. In 1642, during the Civil War, they narrowly avoided destruction^[10] when the Roundhead army was marching on the nearby town of Cirencester.

Some of the panes were damaged during a storm in November 1703 and those were repaired and modified or replaced. A conservation and restoration programme began in 1988 and finished in 2010. Clear glass now protects the old glass. ^[11]

Churchyard, St Mary's Church

The churchyard includes a stone memorial to Tiddles, the church cat who fell off the church roof. There is also a stone grotesque to commemorate a young boy who climbed up the walls of the church and jumped, falling to his death. The churchyard contains eight Commonwealth war graves; three British Army soldiers, a Royal Navy seaman and a Royal Air Force airman of World War I and two British soldiers and a Home Guardsman of World War II.^[12]

St Thomas' of Canterbury

Fairford has a 19th-century Catholic church of St Thomas of Canterbury. Following the closure of the recusant chapel at Hatherop Castle in 1844, a church was built at Horcott (Fairford) the following year at a cost of £700. The first Mass was celebrated in 1845, five years before the Restoration of the Hierarchy in England and before the creation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton. The stained glass window behind the altar depicts St. Thomas of Canterbury in the centre panel, showing the date 1845. The adjoining Presbytery was built 20 years later to designs by Benjamin Bucknall,^[15] the architect of Woodchester Mansion. The church contains an organ by Hill and stained glass by William Wailes, Hardman and Geoffrey Robinson. The two windows in the porch were added to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the first Mass. The left window depicts the crest of the de Mauley family; that on the right depicts the Eucharist.

Fairford United Church

In 1981 a group of local Methodists approached the local Congregational Church to use the chapel for their services as there was no Methodist Church in Fairford. They were officially united into one congregation in 1986 and the present church follows the traditions of both the Methodist Church and the Congregational Federation.

The churches in and around Fairford are represented by the organisation Churches Together Around Fairford (CTAF) which has meetings and organises services of unity.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11123324&c=Fairford&d=16&e=62&g=6427023&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1427126087172&enc=1 |title=Parish population 2011|accessdate= 23 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120706/https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11123324&c=Fairford&d=16&e=62&g=6427023&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1427126087172&enc=1 |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df=dmy }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/fairford-e05004322#sthash.z8gfDF6t.dpbs|title=Ward population 2011|accessdate= 23 March 2015}}
3. ^OFSTED report {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714034406/http://www.farmors.gloucs.sch.uk/pdfs/reports/Ofsted_Report_2010.pdf |date=14 July 2010 }}
4. ^"Flowers to Fairford – 22 March 2003" at fairford.org
5. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-21382889
6. ^http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/13890018.Breaking__Fairford_Steam_Show_to_close_after_running_for_46_years/
7. ^
8. ^Fairford History Society
9. ^{{NHLE|desc=Church of St Mary, Fairford|num=1089998|accessdate=12 July 2011}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fairfordu3a.org.uk/History/fairford.html|title=Fairford Town History|publisher=Fairford & District U3A|author=Don Cobbett|date=8 August 2011|accessdate=6 December 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stmaryschurchfairford.org.uk/stmaryshistory.html|title=The History of St Mary's Church|publisher=St. Mary's Church Fairford|author=Andrew Russel|date=8 June 2012|accessdate=6 December 2018}}
12. ^ CWGC Cemetery Report, details from casualty record.
13. ^Keble, Rev. Edward, St. Mary's Church, Fairford. 6th. ed., Much Wenlock, 2010, p.27
14. ^MacLean, Sir John (ed.), Visitation of Gloucestershire 1623, London, 1885, p.260 Tame, p.51 Dennis
15. ^http://www.stthomasparish.plus.com/st-thomas/st-thomas-church.html