“Figure painting”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Figure painting

释义

Depicting figures
History and styles
Notes
See also
References
Books Web
External links

{{For|the hobby of painting miniature figures, figurative paintings and model figures|Figure painting (hobby)}}

A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure, whether clothed or nude.

Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work. The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings, and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history.

Depicting figures

Unlike figure drawings which are usually nudes, figure paintings are often historical, mythological, allegorical or imaginary depictions that may have figures in appropriate costumes. A portrait painting is a figure painting that focuses on the creation of a likeness of a particular individual or group.

The nude has been a theme in Western art since classical antiquity^[1] and again in the Renaissance, after being largely absent during the Middle Ages.^[2]

Oil paint historically has been the ideal media for depicting the figure. By blending and layering paint, the surface can become more like skin. "Its slow drying time and various degrees of viscosity enable the artist to achieve rich and subtle blends of color and texture, which can suggest transformations from one human substance to another."^[3] Although working from live models is preferred, the length of time needed to complete a painting has led most modern painters to use photographs as references at least part of the time if not for the entire work.

Figure painting is not synonymous with figurative art, which may depict real objects of any kind (including humans and animals).

History and styles

{{

Gallery | lines=4 | height=240 | title=Antiquity

|File:Ägyptischer Maler um 1400 v. Chr. 001.jpg|Thebes c. 1400 BCE
|File:Meister des Mahâjanaka Jâtaka 001.jpg|5th-century mural painting from the Ajanta Caves, India
|File:Winged genius Boscoreale Louvre P23.jpg|Winged genius, fragment. Second-style mural painting, Roman artwork, late 1st century BCE.
}}{{

Gallery | lines=4 | height=240 | title=Mythological/Religious

|File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. - Reclining Nymph - WGA05637.jpg|Reclining Nymph by Lucas Cranach the Elder
|File:Albrecht Dürer - Adam and Eve (Prado) 2.jpg| Adam and Eve (1507) by Albrecht Dürer
|File:Tizian 099.jpg|Venus and the Lute Player (1565–1570) by Titian
|File:IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg|Oedipus and the Sphinx (1808) by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
|File:Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, 1827.jpg|Apotheosis of Homer (1827) by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
}}{{

Gallery | lines=4 | height=240 | title=Impressionist

|File:Edouard_Manet_-_Olympia_-_Google_Art_Project_3.jpg | Olympia (1863) by Édouard Manet
|File:Whistlers Mother high res.jpg|Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (The Artist's Mother) (1871) by James Abbott McNeill Whistler
|File:Young Spartans National Gallery NG3860.jpg|Young Spartans Exercising, c. 1860 by Edgar Degas
}}{{

Gallery | lines=4 | height=240 | title=Academic

|File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - The Wave (1896).jpg|The Wave (1896) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
|File:Winged Figure 1889 Abbot Handerson Thayer.jpg|Winged Figure (1889) by Abbot Handerson Thayer
|File:Thomas Eakins - William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River - Google Art Project.jpg|William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River (1908) by Thomas Eakins
}}{{

Gallery | lines=4 | height=240 | title=Modern

|File:Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase.jpg| Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912) by Marcel Duchamp. Oil on canvas. Philadelphia Museum of Art.
|File:Egon Schiele - Sitzender weiblicher Akt mit aufgestützen Ellbogen - 1914.jpeg |Sitzender weiblicher Akt mit aufgestützen Ellbogen (1914) by Egon Schiele
|File:Modigliani - Nu couché.jpg|Red Nude (1917) by Amedeo Modigliani
}}

Notes

1. ^{{cite web| author=Sorabella, Jean|title=The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History| location=New York| publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art| url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nuba/hd_nuba.htm|date=January 2008|accessdate=25 October 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web| author=Sorabella, Jean|title=The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History| location=New York| publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art| url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/numr/hd_numr.htm|date=January 2008|accessdate=25 October 2012}}
3. ^Scala, p. 1

References

Books

{{cite book| author=Clark, Kenneth| year=1956| title=The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form| publisher=Princeton University Press| location=Princeton| isbn=0691017883 }}
{{cite book| author=Hughes, Robert| year=1997| title=Lucian Freud Paintings| publisher=Thames & Hudson| location=| isbn=0500275351 }}
{{cite book| author=Rosenblum, Robert| year=2003| title=John Currin| publisher=Harry N. Abrams| location=| isbn=0810991888 }}
{{cite book| editor=Scala, Mark| year=2009| title=Paint Made Flesh| publisher=Vanderbilt University Press| location=| isbn=978-0826516220 }}
{{cite book| author=Steiner, Wendy| year=2001| title=Venus in Exile: The Rejection of Beauty in Twentieth-century Art| publisher=The Free Press| location=| isbn=0684857812 }}

Web

{{cite web| author=Ryder, Edmund C|title=Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History| location=New York| publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art| url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nuby/hd_nuby.htm|date=January 2008|accessdate=25 October 2012}}

External links

Museum exhibits

Leopold Museum, Austria – Nude Men
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston – Degas and the Nude

4 : Visual arts|Painting|Nude art|Art genres

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