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词条 Foreign relations of Latvia
释义

  1. Relations by country

  2. Problems

      Disputes    Lithuania    Russia    Illicit drugs  

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}{{Multiple issues|{{Cleanup rewrite|date=February 2009}}{{refimprove|date=May 2009}}
}}{{Politics of Latvia}}

The foreign relations of Latvia are the primary responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Today's Republic of Latvia regards itself as a continuation of the 1918–1940 republic. After the declaration on the restoration of its full independence on August 21, 1991, Latvia became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of UN organizations and other international agreements. Latvia welcomes further cooperation and integration with NATO, European Union, OECD and other Western organizations. It also seeks more active participation in UN peacekeeping efforts worldwide.

Council of Europe, CERCO, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, UNESCO, UNICEF, International Criminal Court, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. It also is a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and of the North Atlantic Coordinating Council.

On September 20, 2003, in a nationwide referendum, the Latvians voted to join the European Union and Latvia's EU membership took effect on May 1, 2004. Latvia became a member state of NATO on March 29, 2004.

Through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Latvia maintains embassies in Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, the People's Republic of China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Uzbekistan.

It also operates missions to the United Nations in New York City and Geneva, to the European Union, the Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation Organization, the OSCE, NATO, World Trade Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Latvia has a Consulate General in Russia; Consulates in Belarus and Russia; Honorary Consulates General in Australia, Cyprus, India, Israel, and Norway; and Honorary Consulates in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, and Venezuela.

Relations by country

CountryFormal Relations Began Notes
Afghanistan}}1928-02-16, 2005-01-18[1]
Albania}}1928-02-16, 1992-04-22
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1928 and were restored in 1992.[2]
  • Albania is represented in Latvia by its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.[2]
  • Latvia is represented in Albania by its embassy in Rome, Italy and an honorary consulate in Tirana.[3]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[4]
Antigua and Barbuda}} March 19, 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 19, 1993[5].

Armenia}} 1992-08-22
  • Armenia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
  • Latvia is represented in Armenia through a non-resident ambassador based in Riga (at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.[6]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120238/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Armenia/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia]
Australia}}1991-08-27[7] See Foreign relations of Australia
Austria}}1921-02-17, 1991-08-28 See Foreign relations of Austria
Azerbaijan}}1994-01-11[8]See Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
Belarus}}1992-04-07[9]See Foreign relations of Belarus
Belize}}2005-02-03Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 3, 2005.[10]
Bulgaria}}1922-05-24, 1991-09-10[11]See Bulgaria–Latvia relations

Bulgaria is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga. Latvia is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Sofia. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.

Burundi}}1993-05-24

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 24, 1993.[12]

Canada}}1921-01-26, 1991-08-26[13]See Canada–Latvia relations
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on September 3, 1991.
  • Canada has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Ottawa and 2 honorary consulates in Quebec and Toronto.
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of NATO.
Cape Verde}}1992-10-21

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 21, 1992[14].

Central African Republic}}2012-05-30

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 30, 2012[15].

Colombia}}1922-07-08, 1995-07-19[16]
  • Colombia counts with an honorary consulate in Riga.[17]
  • Latvia counts with an honorary consulate in Bogotá and is represented by the German embassy in Colombia for consular services only.[18]
  • Colombia recognized Latvia as an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.[19]
Croatia}}See Foreign relations of Croatia
Czech Republic}}See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
Denmark}}See Denmark-Latvia relations
Djibouti}}2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 30, 2012[20].

East Timor}}September 27, 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2013[21].

Estonia}}1919-07-21, 1991-09-06[22]See Estonia–Latvia relations
  • Both states share a long common history: before 1918, they were both part of the Russian Empire.[23]
  • They were both re-occupied by the USSR between 1945 and 1991. Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 3, 1992.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Riga. Latvia has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • The two states share 343 km of common borders. {{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}
Finland}}See Foreign relations of Finland
France}}1921-01-26, 1991-08-30See Foreign relations of France
Gambia}}1998-03-12

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 12, 1998.[12]

Georgia}}See Foreign relations of Georgia
Germany}}See Foreign relations of Germany
Greece}}See Foreign relations of Greece
Guyana}}2005

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 16, 2005.[24]

Hungary}}1921-07-20, 1991-09-02See Foreign relations of Hungary
Iceland}}See Iceland–Latvia relations

Iceland was the first country to recognise the independence of Latvia in August 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 22, 1991. Iceland is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland). Latvia is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Oslo (Norway) and an honorary consulate in Reykjavik. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of NATO, and of the Council of Europe.

Iraq}} 2004-10-15
  • Iraq recognized the independence of Latvia on January 1, 1992.[25]
  • In 2005, a project entitled Latvian Government's Assistance to Iraq in the Documentation of Architectural and Archaeological Objects with Photogrammetric Methods was implemented.
  • Latvia's participation in the Iraq War commenced in May 2003. At their peak the number of Latvian soldiers in Iraq was 126. They were withdrawn on November 8, 2008.[26]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120402/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Iraq/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia: Iraq]
Ireland}}See Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland
Israel}}1992-01-06See Israel–Latvia relations
  • Israel recognized Latvia's independence on September 4, 1991.
  • Israel has an embassy in Riga.[27]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 2 honorary consulates (in Ashdod and Eilat).[28]
  • There are 9,000 Jews living in Latvia (see History of the Jews in Latvia).
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Italy}}See Foreign relations of Italy
Kazakhstan}} 1992-12-30
  • Kazakhstan recognised Latvia's independence on December 23, 1991.
  • Latvia recognised the independence of Kazakhstan on January 8, 1992.
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania) and though an honorary consulate in Riga.[29]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Astana and an honorary consulate in Almaty.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120412/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Kazakhstan/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Kazakhstan]
Kosovo}}See Kosovan–Latvian relations

Latvia recognized it on February 20, 2008.[30] Latvian and Kosovan governments established diplomatic relations on June 10, 2008.[31] However, Latvia's involvement in Kosovo date back to 2000 when it first sent peacekeeping troops.

Kyrgyzstan}}1993-03-18
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 18, 1993.[12]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Lesotho}}2014-02-10

Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 10, 2014.[12]

Lithuania}}1991-10-05See also Foreign relations of Lithuania
  • Latvia has an embassy in Vilnius.[32]
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Riga.[33]
  • The two states share {{convert|588|km|mi}} of common border. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Luxembourg}}
  • Luxembourg did not recognise the annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR in 1940–1991 either de iure or de facto.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were restored on April 21, 1992.
  • Latvia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussel (Belgium) and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Malawi}}1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 10, 1998.[12]

Malaysia}}

Latvia doesn't have any embassy in Malaysia.[34] while Malaysian embassy in Helsinki is accredited to Latvia.[35][36]

Mauritania}}September 19, 1991

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 18, 1991[37].

Mexico}}November 27, 1991
  • Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[38]
  • Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Riga.[39]
Moldova}}
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 1, 1992.[12]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Poland}}1991-08-30See Latvia–Poland relations
  • Poland recognised Latvia's independence on January 27, 1921.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Warsaw and 3 honorary consulates (in Katowice, Gdańsk and Łódź).[40]
  • Poland has an embassy in Riga.[41]
  • There are around 57,000 Poles living in Latvia.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of NATO and of the European Union.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080702213508/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Poland/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland]
Romania}}1922-01-03
  • Between June 2, 1922 – October 18, 1939, the diplomatic representation of Latvia in Romania was handled by the Latvian legation in Prague, in then neighbouring Czechoslovakia. In 1924, Latvia opened 3 honorary consulates in Romania (in Bucharest, Constanţa and Galaţi). In May 1929, Romania opened its legation in Riga.
  • On October 18, 1939, Latvia opened its legation in Bucharest.
  • Romania recognized Latvia on August 26, 1991.
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on September 13, 1991.
  • Latvia is represented in Romania through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
  • Romania is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania) and an honorary consulate in Riga.[42]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120942/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Romania/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania]
Russia}}1920-10-04 and again 1991-10-04
  • Until 1917, Latvia had been part of the Russian empire. Following the Latvian declaration of independence, war broke out between Latvia and the Russian SFSR.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established in 1920, following the conclusion of a Soviet-Latvian peace treaty on August 11, 1920.[43] The treaty was ratified by the Latvian Constituent Assembly on September 2, and by the Latvian government on September 25. On the Russian side, it was ratified by the Pan Russian Central Executive Committee on September 9. Ratification letters were exchanged between the two governments in Moscow on October 4, the date on which in entered into effect. These relations lasted until the Soviet take over of Latvia in 1940.
  • Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government recognized the independence of Latvia on August 24, 1991.
  • Russia expresses concern for how Latvia's language and naturalization laws effect Latvia's Russian-speaking population. Russians comprised 27.6% of the population in 2010. In turn, Latvia is interested in the welfare of ethnic Latvians still residing in Russia. The latest Russian census shows about 40,000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50,000–60,000.
  • See Latvia–Russia relations.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}2006

Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 25, 2006.[12]

Samoa}}2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 28, 2012[44][45].

Sao Tome and Principe}}1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 26, 1994[46].

Serbia}}2001-01-19
  • Latvia has a non-resident ambassador in Riga (in the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120953/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Serbia/ Latvian Foreign Ministry about relations with Serbia]
  • Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Latvia
Sierra Leone}}2014

Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 12, 2014[47][48].

Slovakia}}
  • Both countries established direct diplomatic relations on January 1, 1993. Latvia is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria). Slovakia has an embassy in Riga. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union. Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan met in Riga in 2000.[49]
Solomon Islands}}2012-06-28

Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 28, 2012.[12]

South Korea}}1991-10-22[50]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika) began on 1991-10-22.

  • Deputy Minister for Political Affairs Lee Kyung-soo visited to the Latvia on December 2 and attended a plaque-hanging ceremony of the Republic of Korea embassy in Riga which is the Republic of Korea's first permanent mission in the Baltic region and a reception to celebrate the opening of the embassy.[51]
  • Latvia has an embassy and an Honorary Consuls in Seoul[52] South Korea.[53]
  • South Korean embassy to the Latvia is in Sweden.[54]
  • Foreign relations of South Korea#Europe Foreign relations of South Korea Foreign relations of the Republic of Korea.[55]
Suriname}}2009

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 20, 2009[56].

Taiwan}}1923See Foreign relations of Taiwan
  • Both countries had relations from 1923 'to 1991.
  • The Republic of China (Taiwan) never recognized the de jure incorporation of Latvia into the Soviet Union.
Tajikistan}}1994-05-11
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 11, 1994.[12]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Togo}}2014

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 23, 2014[57].

Uganda}}2013-10-01

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 1, 2013[58].

Ukraine}}1992-02-12
  • Latvia has an embassy in Kiev and 2 honorary consulates (in Lviv and Odessa).[59]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Riga and an honorary consulate in Ventspils.[60]
  • There are around 92,000 Ethnic Ukrainians living in Latvia. {{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120546/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Ukraine/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ukraine]
United Kingdom}}1991-09
  • Britain had strong links with Latvia before the Soviet occupation and annexation in 1940, which the UK never recognised de jure.
  • The UK recognised the restoration of Latvian independence on August 27, 1991.
  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Riga.[61]
  • Latvia has an embassy in London and 3 honorary consulates (in Manchester, Scotland and Wales).[62]
  • There were 26,000 Latvian people registered as living in the United Kingdom in 2010.[63]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090704014951/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/europe/latvia British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with Latvia]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621121030/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/UK/ Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with the United Kingdom]
United States}} 1922-07-28See Latvia – United States relations
  • The U.S. Legation in Riga was officially established on November 13, 1922 and served as the headquarters for U.S. representation in the Baltics during the interwar era. The Soviet invasion forced the closure of the legation on September 5, 1940, but Latvian representation in the United States has continued uninterrupted for 85 years.
  • The U.S. Embassy in Latvia is located in Riga.
  • [https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm#relations]

Problems

Disputes

Lithuania

  • Ongoing talks over maritime boundary dispute with Lithuania, primary concern is oil exploration rights; however, matters between two countries remain fairly peaceful.

Russia

  • Treaty delimiting the boundary with Russia has been signed and ratified in 2007, under the treaty the Abrene district passes to Russia

Illicit drugs

Transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; limited production of illicit amphetamines, ephedrine, and ecstasy for export.

See also

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Latvia)
  • List of diplomatic missions in Latvia
  • List of diplomatic missions of Latvia
  • Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Latvia in Lviv

References

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41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ryga.polemb.net/index.php?document=25|title=Placówki Dyplomatyczne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|website=Ryga.polemb.net|accessdate=February 20, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616011309/http://www.ryga.polemb.net/index.php?document=25|archivedate=June 16, 2011|df=}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.romania.lt/|title=romania.lt – Biznesa Pasaule|website=Romania.lt|accessdate=January 10, 2018}}
43. ^Text in League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 2, pp. 196–231
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49. ^{{cite news |title=Latvian, Slovak foreign ministers praise ties, discuss EU, NATO integration |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DF606B6F9CAF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |quote=Relations between Latvia and Slovakia are good and have a potential for development, Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan agreed in the talks in Riga today. Latvia and Slovakia have common foreign policy aims which facilitate bilateral relations and discussions. Berzins and Kukan agreed that both countries were interested in development of a political dialogue, cooperation between foreign and defence ministries, as well as... |work=BNS |accessdate=June 11, 2009 |date=November 6, 2000}}
50. ^  {{dead link|date=January 2018}}
51. ^  {{dead link|date=January 2018}}
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59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.am.gov.lv/en/ukraine/|title=Embassy of Latvia in Ukraine|website=Am.gov.lv|accessdate=February 20, 2015}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ua/latvia/en/news/top.htm|title=Посольство України в Латвійській Республіці|website=Mfa.gov.ua|accessdate=February 20, 2015}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://ukinlatvia.fco.gov.uk/en|title=UK and Latvia|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|accessdate=February 20, 2015}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.am.gov.lv/en/london/|title=Embassy of Latvia in London|website=Am.gov.lv|accessdate=February 20, 2015}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=15147|title=Home – Office for National Statistics|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|accessdate=January 10, 2018}}
{{Foreign relations of Latvia}}{{Latvia topics}}{{Foreign relations of Europe}}

2 : Government of Latvia|Foreign relations of Latvia
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