“Fort Scott, Kansas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Established and garrisoned by the U.S. Army from 1842–1853, soldiers at Fort Scott assisted with the protection of the Permanent Indian Frontier. After the army abandoned the fort in 1853, the buildings were purchased by local settlers at a government auction in 1855. Fort Scott was laid out as a town in 1857.^[6]

Between 1855 and 1861, the citizens of Fort Scott experienced the violent unrest that preceded the American Civil War on the Kansas and Missouri border. Eastern newspapers described this violence as "Bleeding Kansas", a result of the national controversy concerning the extension of slavery into the new territories. On January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the union as a free state, but the turmoil of "Bleeding Kansas" continued throughout the Civil War.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

During the Civil War, Fort Scott was a U.S Army district Headquarters, quartermaster supply depot, training center, and recruitment station. It was strategically vital to the defense of Kansas and the Midwest. A battle over the fort occurred in August 1861 just across the Missouri line in the Battle of Dry Wood Creek. The battle was a pro-South victory for Sterling Price and his Missouri State Guard. Price did not hold the fort and instead continued a northern push into Missouri in an attempt to recapture the state. James H. Lane (Senator) was to launch a Jayhawker offensive behind Price from Fort Scott that led to the Sacking of Osceola. The ill will of these actions was to be the basis for the 1976 Clint Eastwood film The Outlaw Josey Wales.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

After the Civil War, Fort Scott was a premier city of the frontier, one of the largest cities in eastern Kansas. On three different occasions, between 1870 and 1900, Fort Scott was in competition with Kansas City to become the largest railroad center west of the Mississippi.^[7] During the first half of the 20th century, Fort Scott became an agricultural and small industrial center which it continues to be today.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Downtown fire

On March 11, 2005, a fire destroyed several historic buildings in Fort Scott's downtown. The Victorian-era buildings were among many that are a symbol of the town.^[8]

Geography

Fort Scott is located at {{Coord|37|50|7|N|94|42|7|W|type:city}} (37.835180, -94.702015)^[9] at an elevation of 846 feet (258 m).^[2] It lies on the Osage Plains on the south side of the Marmaton River. Located at the intersection of U.S. Routes 54 and 69 in southeast Kansas, Fort Scott is approximately {{convert|54|mi|km}} north of Joplin, Missouri, {{convert|92|mi|km}} south of Kansas City, and {{convert|143|mi|km}} east of Wichita.^[10]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|5.59|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|5.55|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[11]

Climate

Fort Scott has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The average temperature in Fort Scott is {{convert|57|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} with temperatures exceeding {{convert|90|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} on an average of 81 afternoons a year and dropping below {{convert|32|°F|°C|disp=or}} during an average of 97 mornings per year. On average, Fort Scott experiences 69.5 rainy days a year. Annual snowfall averages {{convert|16.7|in|m|2|disp=or}}.^[12] Precipitation averages {{convert|44.1|in|mm|disp=or}} per year. On average, January is the coolest month, July the hottest and June the wettest. The hottest temperature recorded in Fort Scott was {{convert|120|°F|°C|1}} in 1954, the coldest being {{convert|−18|°F|°C|1}} in 1989.^[13]

{{Weather box
|location = Fort Scott, Kansas
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 77
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 97
|May record high F = 98
|Jun record high F = 106
|Jul record high F = 120
|Aug record high F = 113
|Sep record high F = 110
|Oct record high F = 99
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F =120
|Jan high F = 40
|Feb high F = 47
|Mar high F = 57
|Apr high F = 68
|May high F = 77
|Jun high F = 86
|Jul high F = 91
|Aug high F = 90
|Sep high F = 82
|Oct high F = 71
|Nov high F = 55
|Dec high F = 44
|Jan low F = 20
|Feb low F = 25
|Mar low F = 34
|Apr low F = 44
|May low F = 55
|Jun low F = 64
|Jul low F = 69
|Aug low F = 66
|Sep low F = 57
|Oct low F = 46
|Nov low F = 34
|Dec low F = 24
|Jan record low F = −16
|Feb record low F = −14
|Mar record low F = −6
|Apr record low F = 17
|May record low F = 30
|Jun record low F = 41
|Jul record low F = 50
|Aug record low F = 48
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 18
|Nov record low F = 0
|Dec record low F = −18
|year record low F= −18
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.58
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.86
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.34
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.01
|May precipitation inch = 4.94
|Jun precipitation inch = 5.71
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.36
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.83
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.69
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.28
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.46
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.08
|Jan snow inch = 4.1
|Feb snow inch = 4.0
|Mar snow inch = 3.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 1.3
|Dec snow inch = 3.6
|source 1 = The Weather Channel;^[13] Weatherbase^[12]
|date=August 2010
}}

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census^[15] of 2010, there were 8,087 people, 3,285 households, and 1,941 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1457.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 3,819 housing units at an average density of {{convert|688.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90.3% White, 4.7% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 3,285 households of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.9% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.02.

The median age in the city was 35.2 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 18.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,297 people, 3,481 households, and 2,081 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,529.4 people per square mile (590.0/km²). There were 3,914 housing units at an average density of 278.3 persons/km² (721.5 persons/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 91.53% White, 5.15% African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. 1.68% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,481 households out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 11.5% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 40.2% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,871, and the median income for a family was $34,531. Males had a median income of $25,919 versus $20,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,997. About 10.9% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Colleges

Fort Scott Community College, founded in 1919, is the oldest community college in the state of Kansas.

Schools

The Fort Scott Public Schools USD 234 includes two public elementary schools (Eugene Ware Elementary and Winfield Scott Elementary), one public middle school (Fort Scott Middle School) and one high school (Fort Scott High School). There is also a Catholic school for grades K-5, Fort Scott Christian Heights for K-12 and a few other small private schools for students from grades K-12. There is also a public preschool in the old middle school building.

Media

Notable people

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=2010 City Population and Housing Occupancy Status |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=March 27, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034521/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |archivedate=July 21, 2011 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA129 | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | page=129}}
6. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zdAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA147 | title=Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society | publisher=Kansas State Printing Plant | author=Kansas State Historical Society | year=1916 | page=147}}
7. ^Banwart, Donald B. "Rails, Rivalry and Romance." ({{ISBN|0960156836}})
8. ^Fire destroys downtown Fort Scott buildings
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
10. ^{{cite web | title = City Distance Tool | publisher = Geobytes | url = http://www.geobytes.com/citydistancetool.htm | accessdate = 2010-06-13}}
11. ^¹{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-07-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-14 |df= }}
12. ^¹{{cite web | title = Historical Weather for Fort Scott, Kansas, United States of America | publisher = Weatherbase | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=7357&refer=&units=us | accessdate = 2010-06-27}}
13. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USKS0255?from=36hr_bottomnav_business |title=Average weather for Fort Scott, KS |accessdate= 2010-02-27 |publisher=The Weather Channel}}
14. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
15. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-07-06}}
16. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_new_mexico/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mcdonald_william.html|title= New Mexico Governor William Calhoun McDonald|publisher= National Governors Association|accessdate= October 8, 2012}}

History