| 词条 | Fortín San Juan de la Cruz |
| 释义 |
| name = Fortín San Juan de la Cruz (El Cañuelo) | image = Fortín San Juan de la Cruz - El Canuelo.jpg | caption = Aerial view (2010) | location = San Juan, Puerto Rico | governing_body = National Park Service | coordinates = {{coord|18.466389|-66.136389|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Puerto Rico | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Fortín San Juan de la Cruz | designation1_partof = La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site | designation1_date = 1983 (7th session) | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = vi | designation1_number = 266[1] | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = United States | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = North America and West Indies | designation2 = NRHP | designation2_offname = El Cañuelo | designation2_partof = San Juan National Historic Site | designation2_date = October 15, 1966 | designation2_number = 66000930[2] }} Fortín San Juan de la Cruz (Fort Saint John of the Cross), known locally as El Cañuelo, was built on Isla de Cabras (Goat Island), at the western end of the entrance to San Juan Bay, in Puerto Rico. The square coastal fort has massive sandstone walls that date back to the 1630s. Although the U.S. Navy bombarded the fort in 1898, the fort survived. Today the fort is part of the San Juan National Historic Site, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and on the National Register of Historic Places. One cannot enter the fort, but one may walk around it. HistoryThe original fort built on this site in the late 1500s was made of wood and burned to the ground in 1625 during a Dutch attack. However, the Spaniards replaced it with a stone fort between 1630 and 1660. El Cañuelo was the smallest fort in the harbor defense system. Cannon fire from the fort and from Castillo San Felipe del Morro created a crossfire to protect the entrance to San Juan bay. The fort also guarded the mouth of the Bayamón River on the other side. It is said that, at one time, there was a huge chain crossing from El Morro to El Cañuelo that was extended during attacks to provide a physical barricade across the bay entrance.{{verification needed|date=December 2015}} On 12 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the United States Navy bombarded El Cañuelo as part of its bombardment of San Juan. Spanish records do not list any guns or troops at El Cañuelo at the time.{{Citation Needed|date=October 2016}} Other informationThe square fort is about 80 feet (24 m) per side, with one guerite (garita in Spanish). It is also estimated to cover a {{convert|3.4|acre|m2|adj=on}} area. El Cañuelo Island was originally a rocky islet completely surrounded by water and accessible only by boat. A some point after 1986 nearby Isla de Cabras was artificially expanded to incorporate it. A causeway connects Isla de Cabras to the main island; the road is Puerto Rico Highway 870, and it passes by the fort as it reaches the island. The site features fabulous views of Boca Vieja Cove to the west and San Juan Bay to the east. The fort itself is closed to the public, but one can walk around its walls. There is a small recreation area with picnic tables at the site of the fort. See also{{Portal|Puerto Rico}}
Citations and referencesCitations1. ^{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/266 |title=La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site |accessdate=November 25, 2012 |publisher=UNESCO}} References2. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}}
External links{{Commons category}}
7 : Forts in Puerto Rico|Toa Baja, Puerto Rico|Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico|Sea forts|Coastal fortifications|Forts on the National Register of Historic Places|National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico |
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