| 词条 | Frederick Dent Grant |
| 释义 |
| office = Military Governor of Pampanga | term_start = 1899 | term_end = 1900 | predecessor = José M. Alejandrino | successor = Arthur MacArthur Jr. | office1 = U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary | president1 = Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland | monarch1 = Franz Joseph I of Austria | term_start1 = 1889 | term_end1 = 1893 | predecessor1 = Alexander R. Lawton | successor1 = Bartlett Tripp | name = Frederick Dent Grant | image = Frederick Dent Grant.jpg | caption = Grant in 1908 | birth_date = {{birth date|1850|5|30}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1912|4|12|1850|5|30}} | birth_place = St. Louis, Missouri | death_place = Governors Island, New York | resting_place = West Point Cemetery | nickname = | occupation = Civil engineer, businessman, police commissioner | awards = | education = United States Military Academy | parents = Ulysses S. Grant Julia Grant | children = Julia Dent Grant Ulysses S. Grant III | relations = {{plain list|
}} | allegiance = United States | branch = United States Army | serviceyears = 1871–1881, 1898–1912 | rank = Major General | unit = 4th Cavalry Regiment | commands = 14th New York Volunteers Department of the East | battles = Indian Wars
Philippine–American War }} Frederick Dent Grant (May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912) was a soldier and United States minister to Austria-Hungary. Grant was the first son of General and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and Julia Grant. He was also named after his uncle, Frederick Tracy Dent. The Grant family came from a line of Scottish and Irish heritage. Early lifeHis father was in the United States Army when Frederick was born in St. Louis, Missouri. The family moved as the senior Grant was assigned to posts in Michigan and New York. Frederick spent his early childhood at his paternal grandparent's house while his father was stationed on the West Coast. After his father's resignation from the army, the family lived in St. Louis and in Galena, Illinois. Grant attended public school in Galena until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Grant's father organized a volunteer regiment and was made colonel. Frederick accompanied his father when the regiment was sent to northern Missouri, but he was sent home when it arrived. He then rejoined his father off and on at several campaigns during the war. West Point controversyOn June 1, 1870, the first black cadet, James Webster Smith, from South Carolina, was admitted into the United States Military Academy. Smith was sponsored by Senator Adelbert Ames of Mississippi and nominated by Representative Solomon L. Hoge of South Carolina. Smith was hand picked for his outstanding character and scholarly ability by David Clark, a northern philanthropist. While at West Point, Smith was forced to endure immense racism, violence, and shunning by other West Point attendees. Smith's harassers included Frederick Dent Grant, a fellow cadet. The instigators, including Fred, were intent on driving Smith from the Academy.[1] Smith wrote to Clark about the racial hazing, whereupon Clark went to the White House to talk with President Grant. Fred was also at the meeting between Clark and the President. Clark advocated that Grant stop the hazing. Grant said, "Don't take him away; the battle may as well be now as anytime." The young Fred was noted to say in front of his father, "the time had not come to send colored boys to West Point." When Clark disagreed, Fred said, "Well, no damned nigger will ever graduate from West Point." Smith was later discharged after failing an unconventional private examination by Professor Peter S. Mitchie. While Fred Grant denied being a leader of the cadets who hazed Smith for being an African American, there is evidence to suggest he actively participated.[1] (Smith died of tuberculosis in 1876; he was granted a posthumous commission in the United States Army in 1997.)[2] Early military careerGrant was appointed to West Point in 1866 and graduated in 1871.[4] He was assigned to the 4th U.S. Cavalry Regiment. He took a leave of absence to work with the Union Pacific Railroad as a civil engineer. Late in 1871, he was aide-de-camp to General William Tecumseh Sherman in Europe. He rejoined the 4th Cavalry in Texas in 1872. In 1873, he was assigned to the staff of General Philip Sheridan and promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was on the Yellowstone Expedition and was with George Armstrong Custer during the Black Hills expedition. His daughter Julia was born on June 6, 1876. Grant received leave to travel to Washington, D.C. for her birth. In 1877, he took a leave of absence to accompany his father on a trip around the world. In 1878, Grant was in the Bannock War and was in the fight against Victorio in New Mexico. Civilian careerFredrick Grant resigned from the U.S. Army in 1881,[4] and assisted his father in preparing the latter's memoirs. During this time, he was in business in New York City. In 1887, he ran on the Republican ticket for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Frederick Cook. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison appointed him the U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary. After Grover Cleveland became president in March 1893, Grant continued in his post until his successor presented his credentials on June 8, 1893.[3] Grant became a commissioner of police in New York City in 1894, an office he held until 1898. He served on the Police Commission along with future President Theodore Roosevelt.[4][5] He was a hereditary companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States by right of his father's service in the Civil War. He joined the Military Order of Foreign Wars as a Hereditary Companion in 1896 (of which he also became a Veteran Companion after the Spanish–American War in 1898). He was also a member of the Aztec Club of 1847, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America and the Military Order of the Carabao.{{fact|date=November 2018}} Spanish–American War and later military careerWhen the Spanish–American War started in 1898, Grant was commissioned as colonel of the 14th New York Volunteers on May 2, 1898 and was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on the 27th of the same month.[4] He served in the campaign in Puerto Rico under General Nelson Miles. In 1899, Grant was sent to the Philippines for service in the Philippine–American War, where he remained until 1902. On February 18, 1901, he was commissioned a brigadier general in the Regular Army. When he returned to the United States, he held various commands and was promoted to major general in 1906.[4] At the time of his death, he was the commander for the Eastern Division which included the Department of the East and the Department of the Gulf. Personal lifeIn 1874, Grant married Ida Marie Honoré (1854–1930), the daughter of Henry Hamilton Honoré, who made his fortune in Chicago real estate. Ida Marie's sister was Bertha Palmer, the wife of Chicago businessman Potter Palmer. They were married in Chicago and had two children:
He died of cancer, the same disease that had claimed his father, at Fort Jay on Governors Island in New York City on April 12, 1912. At the time of his death, Grant was the second most senior officer on active duty in the U.S. Army after Major General Leonard Wood. He and was buried in West Point Cemetery.[8] DescendantsThrough his daughter, he was the grandfather of Prince Michael Mikhailovich Cantacuzène, Princess Bertha Mikhailovna, and Princess Zenaida Mikhailovna, who married Sir John Coldbrook Hanbury-Williams, son of Major-General Sir John Hanbury-Williams.[9] Through his son Ulysses, he was the grandfather of three girls, Edith Clara Grant (1908–1995), who married David Wood Griffiths, Clara Frances Grant (1912–2005), who married Paul Ernest Ruestow, and Julia Grant.[10] Awards
Dates of rank
References1. ^1 {{cite book |last=McFeely|first=William S.|title=Grant: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cv5IbR5f9oMC&pg=PA375 |pages=375–376|year=2002}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdvziKuL1jMC&pg=PA18&dq=james+webster+smith&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiew6qT1_PUAhXLGz4KHRJwAj8Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=james%20webster%20smith&f=false|title=Black Warriors: Unique Units and Individuals|author=Williams, Albert E.|publisher=Infinity Publishing|year=2003|page=23}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://vienna.usembassy.gov/en/embassy/former_amb.htm |title=FORMER U.S. AMBASSADORS TO AUSTRIA |publisher=U.S. Embassy in Vienna |accessdate=2008-12-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907233404/http://vienna.usembassy.gov/en/embassy/former_amb.htm |archivedate=September 7, 2008 }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/04/12/archives/gen-grant-dies-in-hotel-here-stricken-at-the-buckingham-whither-he.html|title=Gen. Grant Dies In Hotel Here. Stricken at the Buckingham, Whither He Was Taken from St. Luke's Hospital |date=April 12, 1912 |work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-01-26}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Gen. Fred D. Grant Dies |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1zMrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CJwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4539,5196648&dq=gen+grant+dies+in+hotel+here&hl=en |work=Reading Eagle |date=April 12, 1912 |accessdate=2010-11-17}} 6. ^{{cite news |title=Princess Julia Cantacuzene, 99, Grant's Granddaughter, Dead |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/10/07/83176822.pdf |accessdate=6 February 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=October 7, 1975 |language=en}} 7. ^{{cite news |title=U.S. GRANT 3D DIES; GENERAL WAS 87; Grandson of 18th President Held Posts in the Capital |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/08/30/77094559.pdf |accessdate=6 February 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=August 30, 1968 |language=en}} 8. ^The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. (1916) Vol. XV. New York: James T. White & Co., pp. 93–94. 9. ^Revolutionary Days by Princess Julia Cantacuzene, Countess Speransky, nee Grant (Chicago: R R Donnelley & Sons Company, December 1999), lvi 10. ^{{cite book |last1=Montgomery-Massingberd |first1=Hugh |title=Burke's Presidential Families of the United States of America |date=1981 |publisher=Burke's Peerage |isbn=9780850110333 |page=319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReFmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA319 |accessdate=6 February 2019 |language=en}} External links{{Portal|Biography|United States Army}}
| years= 1889–1893}}{{S-aft | after = Bartlett Tripp}}{{S-end}}{{US Ambassadors to Austria}}{{Ulysses S. Grant}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Frederick Dent}} 16 : United States Army generals|American police chiefs|United States Military Academy alumni|American people of the Indian Wars|American military personnel of the Spanish–American War|American military personnel of the Philippine–American War|Children of Presidents of the United States|Grant family|Military personnel from St. Louis|1850 births|1912 deaths|Ulysses S. Grant|Ambassadors of the United States to Austria-Hungary|Burials at West Point Cemetery|19th-century American diplomats|New York (state) Republicans |
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