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词条 Fuzzy measure theory
释义

  1. Definitions

  2. Properties of fuzzy measures

  3. Möbius representation

  4. Simplification assumptions for fuzzy measures

     Sugeno λ-measure  Definition  k-additive fuzzy measure  Definition 

  5. Shapley and interaction indices

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

In mathematics, fuzzy measure theory considers generalized measures in which the additive property is replaced by the weaker property of monotonicity. The central concept of fuzzy measure theory is the fuzzy measure (also capacity, see [1]) which was introduced by Choquet in 1953 and independently defined by Sugeno in 1974 in the context of fuzzy integrals. There exists a number of different classes of fuzzy measures including plausibility/belief measures; possibility/necessity measures; and probability measures which are a subset of classical measures.

Definitions

Let be a universe of discourse, be a class of subsets of , and . A function where

is called a fuzzy measure.

A fuzzy measure is called normalized or regular if .

Properties of fuzzy measures

For any , a fuzzy measure is:

  • additive if for all ;
  • supermodular if ;
  • submodular if ;
  • superadditive if for all ;
  • subadditive if for all ;
  • symmetric if implies ;
  • Boolean if or .

Understanding the properties of fuzzy measures is useful in application. When a fuzzy measure is used to define a function such as the Sugeno integral or Choquet integral, these properties will be crucial in understanding the function's behavior. For instance, the Choquet integral with respect to an additive fuzzy measure reduces to the Lebesgue integral. In discrete cases, a symmetric fuzzy measure will result in the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator. Submodular fuzzy measures result in convex functions, while supermodular fuzzy measures result in concave functions when used to define a Choquet integral.

Möbius representation

Let g be a fuzzy measure, the Möbius representation of g is given by the set function M, where for every ,

The equivalent axioms in Möbius representation are:

  1. .
  2. , for all and all

A fuzzy measure in Möbius representation M is called normalized

if

Möbius representation can be used to give an indication of which subsets of X interact with one another. For instance, an additive fuzzy measure has Möbius values all equal to zero except for singletons. The fuzzy measure g in standard representation can be recovered from the Möbius form using the Zeta transform:

Simplification assumptions for fuzzy measures

Fuzzy measures are defined on a semiring of sets or monotone class which may be as granular as the power set of X, and even in discrete cases the number of variables can as large as 2|X|. For this reason, in the context of multi-criteria decision analysis and other disciplines, simplification assumptions on the fuzzy measure have been introduced so that it is less computationally expensive to determine and use. For instance, when it is assumed the fuzzy measure is additive, it will hold that and the values of the fuzzy measure can be evaluated from the values on X. Similarly, a symmetric fuzzy measure is defined uniquely by |X| values. Two important fuzzy measures that can be used are the Sugeno- or -fuzzy measure and k-additive measures, introduced by Sugeno[2] and Grabisch[3] respectively.

Sugeno λ-measure

The Sugeno -measure is a special case of fuzzy measures defined iteratively. It has the following definition:

Definition

Let be a finite set and let . A Sugeno -measure is a function such that

  1. .
  2. if (alternatively ) with then .

As a convention, the value of g at a singleton set

is called a density and is denoted by . In addition, we have that satisfies the property

.

Tahani and Keller [4] as well as Wang and Klir have showed that once the densities are known, it is possible to use the previous polynomial to obtain the values of uniquely.

k-additive fuzzy measure

The k-additive fuzzy measure limits the interaction between the subsets to size . This drastically reduces the number of variables needed to define the fuzzy measure, and as k can be anything from 1 (in which case the fuzzy measure is additive) to X, it allows for a compromise between modelling ability and simplicity.

Definition

A discrete fuzzy measure g on a set X is called k-additive () if its Möbius representation verifies , whenever for any , and there exists a subset F with k elements such that .

Shapley and interaction indices

In game theory, the Shapley value or Shapley index is used to indicate the weight of a game. Shapley values can be calculated for fuzzy measures in order to give some indication of the importance of each singleton. In the case of additive fuzzy measures, the Shapley value will be the same as each singleton.

For a given fuzzy measure g, and , the Shapley index for every is:

The Shapley value is the vector

See also

  • Probability theory
  • Possibility theory

References

1. ^{{cite journal|author = Gustave Choquet|author-link = Gustave Choquet|title = Theory of Capacities|journal = Annales de l'Institut Fourier|volume = 5|pages = 131–295|year = 1953}}
2. ^{{cite journal|author = M. Sugeno|title = Theory of fuzzy integrals and its applications. Ph.D. thesis|journal = Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan|year = 1974}}
3. ^{{cite journal|author = M. Grabisch|title = k-order additive discrete fuzzy measures and their representation|journal = Fuzzy Sets and Systems|volume = 92|pages = 167–189|year = 1997|issue = 2|doi = 10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00168-1}}
4. ^{{cite journal|author = H. Tahani|author2 = J. Keller|last-author-amp = yes|title = Information Fusion in Computer Vision Using the Fuzzy Integral|journal = IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetic|volume = 20|pages = 733–741|year = 1990|doi = 10.1109/21.57289|issue = 3}}
  • Beliakov, Pradera and Calvo, Aggregation Functions: A Guide for Practitioners, Springer, New York 2007.
  • Wang, Zhenyuan, and, George J. Klir, Fuzzy Measure Theory, Plenum Press, New York, 1991.

External links

  • Fuzzy Measure Theory at Fuzzy Image Processing

3 : Exotic probabilities|Measure theory|Fuzzy logic
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