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| 释义 |
OpinionsSupportThe United Kingdom and France have backed the G4's bid for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council.[4] Japan has received support from the United States[5] and the United Kingdom.[6] All the permanent members of P5 have supported India's bids for permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) but China had previously implied that it is only ready to support India's bid for a permanent seat on United Nations Security Council if India did not associate its bid with Japan.[7][8][9][10] OppositionThere has been discontent among the present permanent members regarding the inclusion of controversial nations or countries not supported by them. For instance, Japan's bid is heavily opposed by China[11], North Korea and South Korea who think that Japan still needs to make additional atonement for war crimes committed during World War II. Under the leadership of Italy,[12] countries that strongly oppose the G4 countries' bids have formed the Uniting for Consensus movement, or the Coffee Club, composed mainly of regional powers that oppose the rise of some nearby country to permanent member status. In Europe, Bulgaria, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, and the Czech Republic, oppose a seat for Germany. In Africa, Namibia also opposes Germany's bid. In Latin America, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Colombia, Uruguay and Mexico are opposing a seat for Brazil. In South Asia, Pakistan opposes India's bid, owing to the adversarial relation between the two nations. ActivityThe G4 suggested that two African nations, in addition to themselves, be included in the enlarged UNSC. In several conferences during the summer of 2005, African Union was unable to agree on two nominees: Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa all lay claim to a permanent African UNSC seat.[13][14] A UN General Assembly in September 2005 marked the 60th anniversary of the UN and the members were to decide on a number of necessary reforms—including the enlarged Security Council. However the unwillingness to find a negotiable position stopped even the most urgent reforms; the September 2005 General Assembly was a setback for the UN.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} The G4 retain their goal of permanent UNSC membership for all four nations (plus two African nations). In January 2006, Japan announced it would not support putting the G4 resolution back on the table, not to interfere with any effort by the African Union to unite behind a single plan. And meanwhile, Japan's continuing relations with the G4 were not mutually exclusive.[15][16] G4 issued a joint statement on 12 February 2011, in which their foreign ministers agreed to seek concrete outcome in the current session of the UN General Assembly.[17] On 26 September 2015, Narendra Modi the Prime Minister of India invited the leaders of the G4 for a summit following the adoption of UN General Assembly Decision 69/560 by consensus, which moved forward for the first time.[18] In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing to temporarily forgo veto power if granted a permanent UNSC seat.[19] See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/200/41231.html| title=Japan Says No to G4 Bid| publisher=Globalpolicy.org| date=2006-01-07| accessdate=2011-05-30}} {{International power}}{{DEFAULTSORT:G4 Nations}}2. ^[https://www.un.org/sc/members.asp Membership of the Security Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231352/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp |date=6 July 2010 }} 3. ^List of members of the United Nations Security Council 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|title=Joint UK-France Summit Declaration|date=27 March 2008|publisher=British Prime Minister’s Office|accessdate=15 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909001137/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|dead-url=yes|archivedate=9 September 2008}} 5. ^US backs Japan's UNSC bid despite setback to momentum, People's Daily, 19 April 2005 6. ^UK backs Japan for UNSC bid {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221044357/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm |date=21 February 2007 }}, Central Chronicle, 11 January 2007 7. ^{{Cite web|url = http://thediplomat.com/2015/02/china-should-back-india-for-a-permanent-un-security-council-seat/|title = China Should Back India for a Permanent UN Security Council Seat|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 8. ^China supports India's bid for UNSC seat: Wen. 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article2233806.ece |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=Ananth |last=Krishnan |title=China ready to support Indian bid for UNSC | date=16 July 2011}} 10. ^"Countries Welcome Work Plan as Security Council Reform Process Commences New Phase". Center for UN Reform Education. 11. ^Allying with Japan at Security Council is India's 'Biggest Mistake': Chinese Media 12. ^"Players and Proposals in the Security Council Debate", Global Policy Forum, 3 July 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006. 13. ^[https://www.un.org/av/radio/unandafrica/transcript57.htm Africa's Battle for Power in the Security Council], United Nations Radio, 21 July 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227142848/http://www.un.org/av/radio/unandafrica/transcript57.htm |date=27 December 2005 }} 14. ^Africa: Security Council Expansion, AfricaFocus Bulletin, 30 April 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006. 15. ^International Review, Summer, 2006 by Emily Bruemmer 16. ^Japan Says No to G4 Bid, Global Policy Forum, News24.com, 7 Jan 2006 17. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180405/http://en.huanqiu.com/world/americas/2011-02/622480.html/ Thaindian News Sat Feb 12 2011 by IANS] 18. ^{{cite web|last=Sharma |first=Rajeev |url = http://www.firstpost.com/world/india-pushes-the-envelope-at-g4-summit-pm-modi-tells-unsc-to-make-space-for-largest-democracies-2446526.html|title = India pushes the envelope at G4 Summit: PM Modi tells UNSC to make space for largest democracies |date = 27 September 2015 |accessdate = 20 October 2015 |work=First Post}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=India Offers To Temporarily Forgo Veto Power If Granted Permanent UNSC Seat|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/03/08/india-offers-to-temporarily-forgo-veto-power-if-granted-permanen/|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=9 March 2017}} 3 : United Nations reform|India and the United Nations|United Nations coalitions and unofficial groups |
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