| 词条 | Gale warning |
| 释义 |
Weather services issue a gale warning for maritime locations currently or imminently experiencing winds of Gale Force on the Beaufort scale. Gale warnings (and gale watches) allow mariners to take precautionary actions to ensure their safety at sea or to seek safe anchorage and ride out the storm on land. Though usually associated with deep low-pressure areas, winds strong enough to catalyze a gale warning can occur in other conditions too, including from anticyclones, or high-pressure systems, in the continental interior. U.S. UsageMaritimeIn the United States, the National Weather Service issues gale warnings for marine areas (oceans, sounds, estuaries, and the Great Lakes) experiencing, or about to experience, winds within the range of {{Convert|34|kn}} to {{Convert|47|kn}}.[1] In United States maritime warning flag systems, two red pennants indicate a gale warning; the use of one such flag denotes a small craft advisory. The National Weather Service issues a storm warning for higher winds of {{Convert|48|kn}} to {{Convert|63|kn}} at sea. In the event of a tropical cyclone, however, a tropical storm warning replaces both the gale warning and the storm warning. In this situation, the storm warning maritime flag is also used in lieu of the gale warning pennants, regardless of the intensity of the tropical storm. LandThe National Weather Service issues a similar high wind warning (Specific Area Message Encoding code: HWW) for high winds on land. The criteria vary from place to place; however, in most cases, the warning applies to winds of {{Convert|40|mph}} to {{Convert|73|mph}} for at least 1 hour; or any gusts of {{Convert|58|mph}} to {{Convert|114|mph}} on land. It is more severe than a wind advisory, but not as severe as a extreme wind warning, which is generally issued if hurricane force winds are expected without the presence of a hurricane or similar system. The high wind warning is not issued if a tropical storm warning, blizzard warning, winter storm warning, severe thunderstorm warning, dust storm warning, or tornado warning covers the phenomenon. U.K. usageIn the United Kingdom, the Meteorological Office issues gale warnings, and radio broadcasts them four times a day at fixed times on 198 kHz in the Shipping Forecast, part of the broadcast output of BBC Radio 4. If a considerable time will intervene before the next Shipping Forecast, forecasters may issue an extra gale warning, read between programmes. The Meteorological Office issues warnings for sea areas surrounding the United Kingdom for all predictions of winds of Beaufort scale Force 8 or greater, the forecasts extending as far north as Iceland and as far south as southern Spain. Robert FitzRoy developed the first weather forecasting and storm warning system. On 1 September 1860 weather reports began to be collected at the Meteorological Office in London via electric telegraph and on 5 February 1861 the first storm warning was issued[2]. After his death in 1865 the storm warning service was discontinued due to the ongoing debate about its scientific accuracy but the increased loss of life caused a public outcry and a campaign in press and in parliament saw the restoration of storm warnings in 1867. The service continues to this day and is now known as the iconic Shipping Forecast. Met Éireann, the Republic of Ireland meteorological office, issues an area forecast for the Irish Sea and warnings for sea areas around Ireland with headlands of Ireland (e.g. Fair Head, Malin Head, Mizen Head, Carnsore Point) defining stretches of coast. Meteorological Service of Canada issues a similar gale warning for lakes, oceans, and other marine areas within jurisdiction of Canada. ExampleThe following is an example of a Gale Warning issued by the National Weather Service office in North Webster, Indiana.[3] URGENT - MARINE WEATHER MESSAGENATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA901 PM EDT WED OCT 29 2014LMZ043-046-300915-/O.CON.KIWX.GL.W.0014.141031T1200Z-141101T0900Z/NEW BUFFALO MI TO ST JOSEPH MI-MICHIGAN CITY IN TO NEW BUFFALO MI-901 PM EDT WED OCT 29 2014...GALE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM FRIDAY TO 5 AM EDTSATURDAY...* WINDS...NORTHWEST 15 TO 25 KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 30 KNOTS BY DAYBREAK FRIDAY...VEERING NORTH TO 35 KNOT GALES WITH GUSTS TO 45 KNOT GALES FRIDAY. NORTH WINDS DIMINISHING TO 20 TO 30 KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 35 KNOT GALES LATE FRIDAY NIGHT.* WAVES..5 TO 8 FEET LATE THURSDAY NIGHT...BUILDING TO 14 TO 20 FEET FRIDAY...SUBSIDING TO 8 TO 12 FEET LATE FRIDAY NIGHT.PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...A GALE WARNING MEANS WINDS OF 34 TO 47 KNOTS ARE IMMINENT OROCCURRING. OPERATING A VESSEL IN GALE CONDITIONS REQUIRESEXPERIENCE AND PROPERLY EQUIPPED VESSELS. IT IS HIGHLYRECOMMENDED THAT MARINERS WITHOUT THE PROPER EXPERIENCE SEEK SAFEHARBOR PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF GALE CONDITIONS.&&$$STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS ORUPDATES...OR CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX/?N=MARINE See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Gale Warning|url=http://www.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=gale+warning|work=Glossary - National Weather Service|accessdate=20 May 2011|author=National Weather Service}} 2. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/library/archive-hidden-treasures/royal-charter|website=Met Office (UK) website|title=The Royal Charter Gale and the world's first National Forecasting Service}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Gale Warning|url=http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/2010-O-NEW-KMFL-GL-W-0001.html#2010-O-NEW-KMFL-GL-W-0001|work=Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive|accessdate=20 May 2011|author=National Weather Service}} External links
1 : Weather warnings and advisories |
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