| 词条 | Aftenposten |
| 释义 |
| name = Aftenposten | image = Aftenposten 2. januar 1879- framside.JPG | caption = The front page, 2 January 1879 | type = Daily newspaper | format = Compact | foundation = {{start date and age|1860|05|14|df=yes}} | owners = Schibsted (99.99%) Stiftelsen Tinius (0.01%)[1] | editor = Espen Egil Hansen | political = Liberal conservative{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} | language = Norwegian | headquarters = Oslo, Norway | website = {{URL|www.aftenposten.no}} | ISSN = 0804-3116 }} Aftenposten ({{IPA-no|²ɑftn̩ˌpɔstn̩|uen}}; Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation. It is based in Oslo. It had a circulation of 211,769 in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen[2]) and estimated 1.2 million readers.[3] It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005.[4][5] Aftenposten{{'}}s online edition is at Aftenposten.no. Aftenposten is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.[6] Norway's second largest newspaper, VG, is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a mere 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015;[7] Aftenposten is thus foreign-owned. The paper has around 740 employees. Espen Egil Hansen is editor-in-chief and CEO as of 2016. History and profileAftenposten was founded by Christian Schibsted on 14 May 1860[8] under the name Christiania Adresseblad. The following year, it was renamed Aftenposten. Since 1885, the paper has printed two daily editions. A Sunday edition was published until 1919, and was reintroduced in 1990. The Friday-morning edition carries the A-magasinet supplement, featuring articles on science, politics, and the arts. In 1886, Aftenposten bought a rotary press, being the first Norwegian newspaper in this regard.[9]Historically, Aftenposten labelled itself as "independent, conservative",[8] most closely aligning their editorial platform with the Norwegian Conservative Party. This manifested itself in blunt anticommunism during the interwar era. During World War II, Aftenposten, due to its large circulation, was put under the directives of the German occupational authorities, and a Nazi editorial management was imposed. Aftenposten is based in Oslo.[8][10] In the late 1980s, Egil Sundar served as the editor-in-chief and attempted to transform the paper into a nationally distributed newspaper.[11] However, he was forced to resign from his post due to his attempt.[11]EditionsIn addition to the morning edition, Aftenposten publishes a separate evening edition called Aften (previously Aftenposten Aften). This edition was published on weekdays and Saturdays until the Sunday morning edition was reintroduced in 1990. The evening edition is only circulated in the central eastern part of Norway, i.e. Oslo and Akershus counties. Thus, it focuses on news related to this area, in contrast with the morning edition, which focuses on national and international news. The evening edition was converted to tabloid format in 1997. From April 2006, the Thursday edition of Aften also includes a special edition with news specific to a part of Oslo or Akershus, called Lokal Aften ("Local Evening"). This edition has eight versions, with each subscriber receives the version which is most relevant to the area in which he or she lives. In areas not covered by any of the eight versions (for example Romerike and Follo), the version for central Oslo is distributed. From May 2009, Aften is only printed and distributed Tuesday through Thursday. The publication of Aften ended on 20 December 2012.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} Aftenposten started its online edition in 1995.[12]ControversiesAftenposten opposed the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to German pacifist Carl von Ossietzky in 1935. In 1945, Aftenposten published an obituary of Adolf Hitler in which the 86-year-old Nobel-laureate novelist Knut Hamsun referred to Hitler as “a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations”.[13] However, Aftenposten was at the time under the censorship of the German occupying forces. Historically, Aftenposten has not received the same number of lawsuits or as much attention from the Norwegian Press Complaints Commission as some of the larger tabloids.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} However, there are exceptions. In 2007, Aftenposten alleged that Julia Svetlichnaya, the last person to interview the murdered Russian national Alexander Litvinenko, was a Kremlin agent. London correspondent Hilde Harbo admitted having allowed herself to be fed disinformation emanating from the Russian emigrant community without investigating the matter properly.[14] Aftenposten eventually had to apologize and pay Svetlichnaya's legal costs. Editorial lineAftenposten has a conservative stance and supported the political party Høyre[15] until the breakdown of party press system in the country.[6] Following this, the paper redefined itself as an independent centre-left.[6]Right-leaning critics have often pointed out that the paper has become mainstream social-democratic since the end of the Cold War and thus in essence politically aligned with a large majority of Norway's press. LanguageFrom its establishment in 1860 until 1923, Aftenposten was published in the common Dano-Norwegian written language used in both Norway and Denmark, which was generally known as Danish in Denmark and as Norwegian in Norway, and which only occasionally included minor differences from each other in vocabulary or idiom. In 1923 Aftenposten adopted the Norwegian spelling standard of 1907, which mainly replaced the "soft" consonants (e.g. d, b) characteristic of Danish pronunciation (but also used in some Norwegian dialects) with "hard" consonants (e.g. t, p) characteristic of Eastern Central Norwegian pronunciation, but which was otherwise mostly identical with Danish. In 1928 Aftenposten adopted the most conservative variant of the spelling standard of 1917, which is largely similar to the "moderate Bokmål" or "Riksmål" standard used today. During the Norwegian language struggle from the early 1950s, Aftenposten was the main newspaper of the Riksmål variety of Norwegian, and maintained close ties to the Riksmål movement's institutions, recognising the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature as the sole authoritative body for regulating the Norwegian language as used by the newspaper. Due to its status as the country's largest and most influential newspaper, Aftenposten therefore had a significant influence on the developments that took place during the Norwegian language struggle. The "moderate" or "conservative" Riksmål language used by Aftenposten was mainly associated with a conservative stance in Norwegian politics, and was contrasted with the "radical" Samnorsk language, an attempt to merge Bokmål with Nynorsk which was promoted by socialist governments in the 1950s. By 1960 it had become apparent that the Samnorsk attempt had failed, and as a result, Aftenposten's Riksmål standard and the government-promoted Bokmål standard have in the following decades become almost identical as the Bokmål standard has incorporated nearly all of Riksmål. As a consequence, Aftenposten decided to describe its language as "Moderate Bokmål" from 2006, and published its own dictionary, based on Riksmål and Moderate Bokmål, but excluding "radical" (i.e. similar to Nynorsk) variants of Bokmål. The online version of the paper for some years during the early 2000s had an English section. To cut costs, Aftenposten stopped publishing English-language articles in early November 2008. Archives of past material are still available online.[16] CirculationAftenposten (morning paper){{stack|PlotArea = left:50 bottom:15 top:10 right:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:290000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:29000 start:0 PlotData= color:blue width:7 bar:80 from:start till:223925 bar:81 from:start till:227122 bar:82 from:start till:230205 bar:83 from:start till:232459 bar:84 from:start till:233998 bar:85 from:start till:240600 bar:86 from:start till:252093 bar:87 from:start till:260915 bar:88 from:start till:264469 bar:89 from:start till:267278 bar:90 from:start till:265554 bar:90 from:start till:192896 bar:91 from:start till:269278 bar:92 from:start till:274870 bar:93 from:start till:278669 bar:94 from:start till:279965 bar:95 from:start till:282018 bar:96 from:start till:283915 bar:97 from:start till:286163 bar:98 from:start till:288078 bar:99 from:start till:284251 bar:00 from:start till:276429 bar:01 from:start till:262632 bar:02 from:start till:263026 bar:03 from:start till:256639 bar:04 from:start till:249861 bar:05 from:start till:252716 bar:06 from:start till:248503 bar:07 from:start till:250179 bar:08 from:start till:247556 bar:09 from:start till:243188 bar:10 from:start till:239831 bar:11 from:start till:235795 bar:12 from:start till:225981 bar:13 from:start till:214026 bar:14 from:start till:221659 bar:15 from:start till:211769 Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening 1980–2009: {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Aften (evening paper) - now defunctNumbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening: 1989–2009: {{stack|PlotArea = left:50 bottom:15 top:10 right:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:290000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:29000 start:0 PlotData= color:skyblue width:7 bar:80 from:start till:0 bar:81 from:start till:0 bar:82 from:start till:0 bar:83 from:start till:0 bar:84 from:start till:0 bar:85 from:start till:0 bar:86 from:start till:0 bar:87 from:start till:0 bar:88 from:start till:0 bar:89 from:start till:193932 bar:90 from:start till:192896 bar:91 from:start till:195022 bar:92 from:start till:197738 bar:93 from:start till:198647 bar:94 from:start till:188544 bar:95 from:start till:186033 bar:96 from:start till:188635 bar:97 from:start till:191269 bar:98 from:start till:186417 bar:99 from:start till:180479 bar:00 from:start till:175783 bar:01 from:start till:167671 bar:02 from:start till:163924 bar:03 from:start till:155366 bar:04 from:start till:148067 bar:05 from:start till:141612 bar:06 from:start till:137141 bar:07 from:start till:131089 bar:08 from:start till:124807 bar:09 from:start till:111566 }}{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Aftenposten.no, online newspaperThe online newspaper Aftenposten.no had an average of 827,000 daily readers in 2015, an increase from 620.000 in 2010.[17] According to Alexa Internet, the global traffic ranking of the site Aftenposten.no was 3,000 in April 2015. By April 2016, however, the ranking had dropped below 6,000.[18] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proff.no/roller/aftenposten-as/oslo/aviser-fagblader-og-tidsskrifter/Z0I3KVPN/|title=Aftenposten AS - Oslo - Roller og kunngjøringer|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408151620/http://www.proff.no/roller/aftenposten-as/oslo/aviser-fagblader-og-tidsskrifter/Z0I3KVPN/|archivedate=2016-04-08|df=|access-date=2016-03-30}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://medienorge.uib.no/statistikk/medium/avis/190|title=medienorge|website=medienorge|access-date=2016-12-13}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Aftenposten-har-det-hoyeste-avisopplaget-i-Norge-63125b.html|title=Aftenposten har det høyeste avisopplaget i Norge|last=|first=|date=3 March 2016|work=|newspaper=Aftenposten|access-date=2016-12-13|via=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142921/http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Aftenposten-har-det-hoyeste-avisopplaget-i-Norge-63125b.html|archivedate=20 December 2016|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|first=Ingrid|last=Brekke|date=May 4, 2013|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/innsikt/Avisformatet-Tabloid-i-form_-men-ikke-i-sjel-5327441.html#.UbuQZJyTmuA|title=Tabloid i form, men ikke i sjel|language=Norwegian|publisher=Aftenposten|accessdate=14 June 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116094301/http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/innsikt/Avisformatet-Tabloid-i-form_-men-ikke-i-sjel-5327441.html#.UbuQZJyTmuA|archivedate=16 January 2014|df=}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Norway: leading daily's successful switch to compact|url=http://wef.blogs.com/editors/e_tabloid_vs_broadsheet/|accessdate=5 February 2015|work=Editors Weblog|date=22 March 2005|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040311/http://wef.blogs.com/editors/e_tabloid_vs_broadsheet/|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|author=Stig A. Nohrstedt et. al.|title=From the Persian Gulf to Kosovo — War Journalism and Propaganda|journal=European Journal of Communication|date=2000|volume=15|issue=3|url=http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mamer/files/War-Journalism-and-Propaganda1.pdf|accessdate=8 January 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090850/http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mamer/files/War-Journalism-and-Propaganda1.pdf|archivedate=22 December 2015|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.schibsted.com/no/Arsrapport-2015/Aksjeinformasjon/Aksjonarer/|title=Aksjonærer - Schibsted|author=|date=|website=www.schibsted.com|accessdate=29 April 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005521/http://www.schibsted.com/no/Arsrapport-2015/Aksjeinformasjon/Aksjonarer/|archivedate=7 November 2017|df=}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Bernard A. Cook|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA935|accessdate=25 November 2014|year=2001|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8153-4058-4|page=935}} 9. ^{{cite journal|author=Svennik Hoyer|authorlink=Svennik Høyer|title=The Political Economy of the Norwegian Press|journal=Tidsskrift|url=http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/spso/spso_0003-PDF/spso_0003_95928.pdf|accessdate=30 December 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Annual report 2012|url=http://www.schibsted.com/global/annualreport/annual_report_2012_low%20ok.pdf|work=Schibsted Media Group|accessdate=26 March 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095114/http://www.schibsted.com/global/annualreport/annual_report_2012_low%20ok.pdf|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=}} 11. ^1 {{cite journal|author=Sigurd Allern|title=Journalistic and Commercial News Values. News Organizations as Patrons of an Institution and Market Actors|journal=Nordicom Review|date=2002|volume=2|issue=2|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242189101_Journalistic_and_Commercial_News_Values_News_Organizations_as_Patrons_of_an_Institution_and_Market_Actors/links/02e7e52a041ab22c4a000000.pdf|accessdate=30 December 2014}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Online Journalism Atlas: Norway|url=http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2008/01/25/online-journalism-atlas-norway/|accessdate=13 January 2015|work=Online Journalism|date=25 January 2008}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/books/28hams.html|title=Norwegian Nobel Laureate, Once Shunned, Is Now Celebrated|work=The New York Times|date=27 February 2009|page=C1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208004621/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/books/28hams.html|archive-date=8 December 2014|dead-url=no|first=Walter|last=Gibbs|issn=0362-4331|quote={{bracket|I}}n Oslo last week . . . at the National Library was the 7 May 1945, edition of a . . . newspaper whose lead article on Hitler’s death was by Knut Hamsun. As most collaborators lay low, preparing alibis, Hamsun wrote, ‘He was a warrior, a warrior for mankind, and a prophet of the gospel of justice for all nations’.}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article1972241.ece |title=Svetlichnaja and Litvinenko: Clarifications |work=Aftenposten |date=9 December 2006 |accessdate=1 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214203801/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article1972241.ece |archivedate=14 February 2008 }} 15. ^{{cite journal|author=Rolf Werenskjold|title=The Dailies in Revolt|journal=Scandinavian Journal of History|date=2008|volume=33|issue=4|pages=417|doi=10.1080/03468750802423094|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468750802423094|accessdate=17 April 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=So long, farewell ... |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2741143.ece |work=Aftenposten |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=20 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208103416/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2741143.ece |archivedate=8 December 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://medienorge.uib.no/statistikk/medium/avis|title=medienorge|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406181846/http://medienorge.uib.no/statistikk/medium/avis|archivedate=2016-04-06|df=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/aftenposten.no|title=aftenposten.no Site Overview|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401182446/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/aftenposten.no|archivedate=2016-04-01|df=}} Further reading
External links
6 : 1860 establishments in Norway|Newspapers published in Oslo|Norwegian-language newspapers|Publications established in 1860|Daily newspapers published in Norway|European news websites |
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