词条 | Georges Bernanos |
释义 |
| name = Georges Bernanos | image = Georges-Bernanos.jpg | imagesize = 150px | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = Louis Émile Clément Georges Bernanos | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|2|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Paris, France | death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|7|5|1888|2|20}} | death_place = Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | occupation = Writer | nationality = French | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = 20th century | genre = Novel | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = }} Louis Émile Clément Georges Bernanos ({{IPA-fr|ʒɔʁʒ bɛʁnanɔs|lang}};[1] 20 February 1888 – 5 July 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I. A Roman Catholic with monarchist leanings,[2] he was critical of bourgeois thought and was opposed to what he identified as defeatism. He believed this had led to France's defeat and eventual occupation by Germany in 1940 during World War II.[3] Most of his novels have been translated into English and frequently published in both Great Britain and the United States. Life and careerBernanos was born in Paris, into a family of craftsmen. He spent much of his childhood in the village of Fressin, Pas de Calais region, which became a frequent setting for his novels. He served in the First World War as a soldier, where he fought in the battles of the Somme and Verdun. He was wounded several times. After the war, he worked in insurance before writing Sous le soleil de Satan (1926, Under the Sun of Satan). Despite his Royalist leanings and his membership in Action Française's youth organization), until 1932, Bernanos despised Fascism, which he described as "disgustingly monstrous" well before World War II broke out in Europe. He won the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for The Diary of a Country Priest (Journal d'un curé de campagne), published in 1936. He initially supported Francisco Franco and the Falange at the outset of the Spanish Civil War.[4] However, after he observed the conflict in Majorca and saw 'a terrorized people,' he became disgusted with the nacionales and criticized them in the book Diary of My Times (1938). He wrote, "My illusions regarding the enterprise of General Franco did not last long - two or three weeks - but while they lasted I conscientiously endeavoured to overcome the disgust which some of his men and means caused me."[5] Most of his important fictional works were written between 1926 and 1937. With political tensions rising in Europe, Bernanos emigrated to South America with his family in 1938, settling in Brazil. He remained until 1945 in Barbacena, State of Minas Gerais, where he tried his hand at managing a farm. His three sons returned to France to fight after World War II broke out, while he fulminated at his country's 'spiritual exhaustion,' which he saw as the root of its collapse in 1940. From exile he mocked the 'ridiculous' Vichy regime and became a strong supporter of the nationalist Free French Forces led by the conservative Charles De Gaulle. After France's Liberation, De Gaulle invited Bernanos to return to his homeland, offering him a post in the government. Bernanos did return but, disappointed to perceive no signs of spiritual renewal, he declined to play an active role in French political life.[6] Adaptations of selected works
Works in English translation
References1. ^"Bernanos", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2. ^Allen, W. Gore (1948). "George Bernanos: A Mystic in the World," The Irish Monthly, Vol. 76, No. 903, pp. 414-416. 3. ^Tobin, Michael R. (2007). Georges Bernanos: The Theological Source of his Art. McGill-Queen's University Press. 4. ^Hellman, John (1990). "Bernanos, Drumont, and the Rise of French Fascism," The Review of Politics, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 441-459. 5. ^Georges Bernanos. A Diary of My Times, London: Boriswood, 1938, p. 85. 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bernanos.htm |title=Georges Bernanos |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003153856/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bernanos.htm |archivedate=3 October 2013 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/aug/07/claude-laydu-obituary | title=Claude Laydu obituary | work=The Guardian | author=Robert Bergan | date=2011-08-07 | accessdate=2014-06-15}} 8. ^Gendre, Claude, 'The Literary Destiny of the Sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne and the Role of Emmet Lavery'. Renascence, 48.1, pp 37-60 (Fall 1995). 9. ^Gendre, Claude, 'Dialogues des Carmélites: the historical background, literary destiny and genesis of the opera', from Francis Poulenc: Music, Art and Literature (Sidney Buckland and Myriam Chimènes, editors). Ashgate (Aldershot, UK), {{ISBN|1859284078}}, p 287 (1999). Further reading
External links{{Commonscat}}{{Wikiquote}}{{wikisourcelang|fr}}
18 : 1888 births|1948 deaths|Writers from Paris|20th-century essayists|20th-century French male writers|20th-century French novelists|French essayists|French male essayists|French male novelists|French military personnel of World War I|French monarchists|French people of the Spanish Civil War|French Roman Catholics|Grand Prix du Roman winners|Légion d'honneur refusals|People affiliated with Action Française|Prix Femina winners|Roman Catholic writers |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。