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{{Year nav topic5|1690|science}}The year 1690 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy- Giovanni Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.
- December – Earliest recorded sightings of the planet Uranus, by John Flamsteed, who mistakenly catalogues it as the star 34 Tauri.
Geography- Vincenzo Coronelli gets published the first folio of the atlas Atlante Veneto.
Botany- French horticulturalist Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie's Instruction pour les jardins fruitiers et potagers is published posthumously.
Mathematics- {{nihongo|Izeki Tomotoki|井関 知辰}} of Osaka publishes Sampo-Hakki (算法発揮), in which he gives the resultant and the Laplace expansion of the determinant for the n×n case. At about this date, {{nihongo|Tanaka Yoshizane| 田中 由真}} also describes and applies the resultant, in Sampo-Funkai (算法紛解).
- Michel Rolle publishes Traité d'Algebre, in which he gives the first published description in Europe of Gaussian elimination.
Medicine- Justine Siegemund publishes Die Kgl. Preußische und Chur-Brandenburgische Hof-Wehemutter ("The Court Midwife"), the first medical textbook in German written by a woman.
Technology- February 3 – America's first paper money is printed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- French physicist Denis Papin, while in Leipzig and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a reciprocating steam engine for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient.
Births- March 18 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (died 1764)
Deaths- February 3 – Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (born 1623)
- October 13 – Ole Borch, Danish polymath (born 1626)
- October 22 (bur.) – William Ball, English astronomer (born c. 1631)
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