| 词条 | Ahmed Vefik Pasha |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = |name = Ahmed Vefik |honorific-suffix = Pasha |image = Ahmet vefik.jpg |imagesize = |nationality = Ottoman |caption = |office1 = Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire |monarch1 = Abdul Hamid II |term_start1 = 4 February 1878 |term_end1 = 18 April 1878 |predecessor1 = Ahmed Hamdi Pasha |successor1 = Mehmed Sadık Pasha |office2 = |monarch2 = Abdul Hamid II |term_start2 = 1 December 1882 |term_end2 = 3 December 1882 |predecessor2 = Mehmed Sadık Pasha |successor2 = Mehmed Said Pasha |office3 = |monarch3 = |term_start3 = |term_end3 = |predecessor3 = |successor3 = |office4 = |monarch4 = |term_start4 = |term_end4 = |predecessor4 = |successor4 = |office5 = |monarch5 = |term_start5 = |term_end5 = |predecessor5 = |successor5 = |office6 = |monarch6 = |term_start6 = |term_end6 = |predecessor6 = |successor6 = |office7 = |monarch7 = |term_start7 = |term_end7 = |predecessor7 = |successor7 = |office8 = |monarch8 = |term_start8 = |term_end8 = |predecessor8 = |successor8 = |birth_date = 3 July 1823 |birth_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |death_date = 1891 |death_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |party = |spouse = |religion = Islam }}Ahmed Vefik Pasha ({{lang-ota| احمد وفیق پاشا }}) (3 July 1823, Constantinople{{snd}}2 April 1891, Constantinople), was an Ottoman statesman, diplomat, scholar, playwright, and translator during the Tanzimat and First Constitutional periods.[1] He was commissioned with top-rank governmental duties, including presiding over the first Ottoman Parliament in 1877.[2] He also served as Grand Vizier for two brief periods. Vefik also established the first Ottoman theatre[3] and initiated the first Western style theatre plays in Bursa and translated Molière's major works. His portrait was depicted on a former Turkish postcard stamp.[4] BiographyAhmed Vefik Pasha was born of Greek extraction,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] his ancestors having previously converted to Islam, like many other Greek Muslims particularly from Crete (Cretan Turks) and the regions of Epirus and Greek Macedonia in northwestern Greece (see Vallahades).[5] He started his education in 1831 in Constantinople and later went to Paris with his family, where he graduated from Saint Louis College. Ahmed Vefik became the Minister of Education of the Ottoman Empire and Grand Vizier two times. He built a theatre in Bursa when he was made the governor of the city. In 1860, he became the Ottoman ambassador to France. He wrote the first Turkish dictionary and is considered to be the among the first Pan-Turkists. References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10234/Ahmed-Vefik-Pasa|title= Ahmed Vefik Paşa|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-08-12|last=|first=|quote= Ahmed Vefik Paşa Ottoman statesman and scholar born July 6, 1823, Constantinople [now Istanbul] died April 2, 1891, Constantinople. Ottoman statesman and scholar }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10234/Ahmed-Vefik-Pasa|title= Ahmed Vefik Paşa|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-08-12|last=|first=|quote= Ahmed Vefik Paşa Ottoman statesman and scholar born July 6, 1823, Constantinople [now Istanbul] died April 2, 1891, Constantinople… He presided over the first Ottoman Parliament (1877) and was twice appointed grand vizier (chief minister) for brief periods in 1878 and 1882. }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10234/Ahmed-Vefik-Pasa|title= Ahmed Vefik Paşa|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-08-12|last=|first=|quote= Ahmed Vefik Paşa Ottoman statesman and scholar born July 6, 1823, Constantinople [now Istanbul] died April 2, 1891, Constantinople....In 1879 he became the vali (governor) of Bursa, where he sponsored important reforms in sanitation, education, and agriculture and established the first Ottoman theatre. }} 4. ^http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PS-meVFiM9M/UGvlsnAoQEI/AAAAAAAAGLM/K2VVM9MNFP4/s1600/untitledAVP.bmp 5. ^1 {{cite book |authors = Berkes, Niyazi – Ahmad, Feroz |title= The development of secularism in Turkey |publisher= C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year= 1998 |page=29 |isbn= 1-85065-344-5 |quote= Ahmed Vefik Pasa (1823-91), the grandson of a Greek convert to Islam and the holder of several of the highest positions, was one of those interested in Turkish studies. }} 6. ^{{cite book |author = Galton, Sir Francis |title=Vacation tourists and notes of travel in 1860 [1861, 1962-3] |publisher=Macmillan |year=1864 |page=91 |oclc =228708521 |quote= The statesman whom the Turks like best is Achmet Vefyk Effendi. Although a Greek by descent, he is a more orthodox Moslem than Fuad or Aali, and is the head of the reforming party, whose object is to bring about reform for the purpose of re-establishing the Turkish empire on the basis on which it stood in its palmy day, rather than adopt European customs. }} 7. ^{{cite book |author = Stewart, Desmond |title= The Middle East: temple of Janus |publisher= Doubleday |year= 1971 |page=189 |oclc=135026 |quote=Ahmed Vefik Pasha was the grandson of a Greek convert to Islam. }} 8. ^{{cite book |authors = Layard, Sir Austen Henry – Bruce, William Napier – Otway, Sir Arthur John |title=Sir A. Henry Layard, G.C.B., D.C.L. |publisher=J. Murray |year=1903 |page=93 |oclc=24585567 |quote=Fuad Pasha — unlike Ahmed Vefyk, who had Greek blood in his veins — was a pure Turk by descent. }} 9. ^{{cite book |authors = Pickthall, Marmaduke William - Islamic Culture Board – Asad, Muhammad |title= Islamic culture |publisher= Islamic Culture Board - Hyderabad, Deccan |year= 1975 |page= | oclc=1774508 |quote=Ahmad Vefik Pasha (grandson of a Greek convert) published influential works : Les Tuns Anciens et Modernes (1169) and Lahja-i-Osmani, respectively }} 10. ^{{cite book |author = Macfie, A. L. |title= The end of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1923 |publisher= Longman |year= 1998 |page= 85 |isbn= 0-582-28763-4 |quote= In 1876 Ahmed Vefik Pasha, the grandson of a Greek convert to Islam, and a keen student of Turkish customs, published the first Turkish-Ottoman dictionary }} 11. ^{{cite book |author = Taher, Mohamed |title= Encyclopaedic survey of Islamic culture |publisher= Anmol Publications PVT. LTD |year= 1997 |page=97 |isbn= 81-7488-487-4 |quote= Ahmad Vefik Pasha) (grandson of a Greek convert) published influential works : Les Turcs Anciens et Modernes ( 1 1 69) and Lahja-i-Osmani, respectively }} Further reading
12 : 1823 births|1891 deaths|People of the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent|19th-century writers of the Ottoman Empire|Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Iran|19th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire|Turks of the Ottoman Empire|Greek Muslims|Ottoman people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)|Burials at Aşiyan Asri Cemetery|Lycée Saint-Louis alumni|Turkish novelists |
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