| 词条 | 101st kilometre |
| 释义 |
The phrase 101st kilometre ({{lang-ru|101-й километр}}, sto pervyy kilometr) is a colloquial name for the law restricting freedom of movement in the Soviet Union.[1][2] The phrase was first coined after the 1980 Moscow Olympics when all "undesirable elements" (loiterers, prostitutes, alcoholics, etc.) were forcibly removed beyond the eastern boundary of the Moscow Oblast, which lay 101 km from Moscow. PracticeDuring most of the Soviet era, criminals and other undesirables, including supposedly rehabilitated political prisoners returning from the Gulags, were often banished from urban centers such as Moscow.[1] It was intended in part to keep undesirable elements away from foreigners, who were usually restricted to areas within {{nowrap|{{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=in}}}} of city centers.[1] The rights of an inmate to move freely about the country after release from a prison would be restricted for a long period. Instead of regular documents, inmates would receive a temporary substitute, a "wolf ticket" ({{lang-ru|волчий билет|volchiy bilet}}), confining them to internal exile without the right to settle closer than {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} to large urban centres where they would be refused the residency permit (propiska). In modern Russia, this 100 km restriction has been abolished—although a version of propiska still remains—and the expression is used in a context similar to that of boondocks. The cultural divide by the 100 km line though still exists in Russia to some degree.[1] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/99feb/kilo101.htm |title=Exiled Beyond Kilometer 101 |author=Jeffrey Tayler |work=The Atlantic |date=February 1999 |accessdate=August 13, 2012}} {{Soviet-stub}}{{criminal-law-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal |title=Banishment by a Thousand Laws: Residency Restrictions on Sex Offenders |last1=Yung |first1=Corey Rayburn |volume=85 |number=1 |year=2007 |journal=Washington University Law Review |url=http://lawreview.wustl.edu/in-print/banishment-by-a-thousand-laws-residency-restrictions-on-sex-offenders/ |accessdate=August 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622043911/http://lawreview.wustl.edu/in-print/banishment-by-a-thousand-laws-residency-restrictions-on-sex-offenders/ |archive-date=2010-06-22 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6 : Soviet law|Soviet phraseology|Crime in the Soviet Union|History of human rights|1980 in the Soviet Union|Human rights in the Soviet Union |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。