| 词条 | G. W. Pabst |
| 释义 |
| name = G.W. Pabst | image = G.W. Pabst crop from Pabst Prejean 1931.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = G. W. Pabst during production of the film L'Opéra de quat'sous (The Threepenny Opera) in 1931 | birth_name = Georg Wilhelm Pabst | birth_date = {{Birth date|1885|8|25|df=y}} | birth_place = Raudnitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) | death_date = {{dda|1967|5|29|1885|8|25|df=y}} | death_place = Vienna, Austria | resting_place = Zentralfriedhof | other_names = | years_active = 1901–1957 | spouse = {{marriage|Gertrude Hennings|1924|1967}} }} Georg Wilhelm Pabst (25 August 1885 – 29 May 1967) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He started as an actor and theater director, before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic. Early yearsPabst was born in Raudnitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (today's Roudnice nad Labem, Czech Republic), the son of a railroad official. While growing up in Vienna, he studied drama at the Academy of Decorative Arts and initially began his career as a stage actor in Switzerland, Austria and Germany.[1][2] In 1910, Pabst traveled to the United States, where he worked as an actor and director at the German Theater in New York City.[1] When World War I began, Pabst returned to Europe, where he was interned in a prisoner-of-war camp in Brest. While imprisoned, Pabst organised a theatre group at the camp. Upon his release in 1919, he returned to Vienna, where he became director of the Neue Wiener Bühne, an avant-garde theatre.[1] CareerPabst began his career as a film director at the behest of Carl Froelich who hired Pabst as an assistant director. He directed his first film, The Treasure, in 1923.[2] He developed a talent for "discovering" and developing the talents of actresses, including Greta Garbo, Asta Nielsen, Louise Brooks, and Leni Riefenstahl.[3] Pabst's early and most famous films concern the plight of women, including The Joyless Street (1925) with Greta Garbo and Asta Nielsen, Secrets of a Soul (1926) with Lili Damita, The Loves of Jeanne Ney (1927) with Brigitte Helm, Pandora's Box (1929), and Diary of a Lost Girl (1929) with American actress Louise Brooks. He also co-directed with Arnold Fanck a mountain film entitled The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929) starring Leni Riefenstahl. After the coming of sound, he made a trilogy of films that secured his reputation: Westfront 1918 (1930), The Threepenny Opera (1931) with Lotte Lenya (based on the Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill musical), and Kameradschaft (1931). Pabst also filmed three versions of Pierre Benoit's novel L'Atlantide in 1932, in German, English, and French, titled Die Herrin von Atlantis, The Mistress of Atlantis, and L'Atlantide, respectively. In 1933, Pabst directed Don Quixote, once again in German, English, and French versions. After making A Modern Hero (1934) in the USA and Street of Shadows (1937) in France, Pabst (who was planning to emigrate to the states) was caught in France in 1938 whilst visiting his mother, when war was declared, and was forced to return to Nazi Germany. Under the auspices of propaganda minister, Josef Goebbels, Pabst made two films in Germany, during this period; The Comedians (1941) and Paracelsus (1943). In 1953, Pabst directed four opera productions in Italy: La forza del destino for the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in Florence (conducted by Dimitri Mitropoulos, the cast included Renata Tebaldi, Fedora Barbieri, Mario del Monaco, Aldo Protti, Cesare Siepi), and a few weeks later, for the Arena di Verona Festival, a spectacular Aïda, with Maria Callas in the title role (conducted by Tullio Serafin, with del Monaco), Il trovatore and again La forza del destino.[4] In 1955, he directed The Last Ten Days, the first post-war German feature film to feature the character of Adolf Hitler.[5] DeathOn 29 May 1967, Pabst died in Vienna at the age of 81.[6] He was interred at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna.[7] Awards
Filmography{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Bock |first1=Hans-Michael |last2=Bergfelder|first2=Tim|title=The Concise Cinegraph: An Encyclopedia of German Cinema|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=0-857-45565-6|page=355}} Further reading2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Langham|first=Larry|title=Destination Hollywood: The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking|year=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-786-40681-X|page=80}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/458-opening-pandora-s-box|title=Opening Pandora's Box|date=2006|publisher=The Criterion Collection}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818661,00.html|title=Music: Pabst's Blue Ribbon|date=10 August 1953|publisher=time.com}}{{subscription required|s}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/458-opening-pandora-s-box|title=Opening Pandora's Box|date=2006|publisher=The Criterion Collection}} 6. ^{{cite news |author=Reuters |coauthors= |title=G. W. Pabst, Maker Of Films Abroad. Early Viennese Producer and Director Dies at 82 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/05/31/archives/gw-pabst-maker-of-films-abroad-early-viennese-producer-and-director.html|newspaper= New York Times |quote=G.W. Pabst, the Austrian film producer and director, died here last night. He was 82 years old. |date=31 May 1967|accessdate=19 March 2010}}{{subscription required|s}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Bahn|first=Paul G.|title=The Archaeology of Hollywood: Traces of the Golden Age|year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=0-759-12378-0|page=236}} 8. ^{{cite web | title = ASAC Dati: Premi | url = http://asac.labiennale.org/it/passpres/cinema/annali.php?m=16&c=p | accessdate = 30 September 2014 }}
External links{{Commons category|Georg Wilhelm Pabst}}
18 : 1885 births|1967 deaths|20th-century Austrian male actors|Austrian film directors|Austrian male stage actors|Austrian screenwriters|Austrian theatre directors|Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery|English-language film directors|French-language film directors|German-language film directors|Male actors from Vienna|Mountaineering film directors|Opera directors|People from Roudnice nad Labem|Silent film directors|World War I prisoners of war held by France|Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in World War I |
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