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释义 |
The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies, to be awarded annually to the world's outstanding aviator, aviatrix, and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible). A fourth trophy, the "National Trophy," was awarded from 1926 through 1938 to the most outstanding aviator in each of the twenty-one member countries and again from 1946-1948 to honor Americans who contributed to aviation. The award was established in 1926 by Clifford B. Harmon, a wealthy balloonist and aviator. The awards are described by the Clifford B. Harmon Trust as: "American awards for the most outstanding international achievements in the arts and/or science of aeronautics for the preceding year, with the art of flying receiving first consideration."[1] World War II and Harmon's deathPrior to World War II, the award was administered by the International League of Aviators (Ligue Internationale des Aviateurs), an organization founded by Harmon to serve as "an agent for Peace and National security."[2] The League became defunct during the War and Harmon's death on June 25, 1945 in Cannes, France[3] put the awards in turmoil. Harmon left $55,000 of his estate to continue funding the award in "perpetuity," but Harmon's relatives challenged the bequest.[4] Ultimately, a trust fund of $48,431 was created in 1948.[5] During the period the awards were in litigation (1945–1948), the American Section of the League awarded the International Aviator Trophy to three U.S. leaders in aviation. However, since the awards were not approved by other League Sections, the awards are technically invalid. Also, these three awards were given without consideration to the "art of flying" and the awards did not recognize a superlative aviation achievement, rather recognized American aviation industry leaders. President Truman's staff questioned the award to Alexander de Seversky, Secretary of the Air Force Stuart Symington stating, "he [de Seversky] did absolutely nothing to deserve it."[6] Truman also did not make time to present the 1948 award to Trans World Airlines CEO Ralph Damon[7] or Brazilian aviation pioneer Francisco Pignatari[8] The award to Pan American World Airways President Juan Trippe in 1946 was the only one presented without debate. Since 1997 or 1998, the National Aeronautic Association has been responsible for awarding the trophies. With the exception of the Aeronaut trophy, all are inactive. The trustees wrestled with how to treat space flight. Bound by the court to offer only three trophies, the trustees first agreed that "feats of piloting in both earth orbiting or outer space vehicles will be considered for the Harmon Awards provided the vehicles are controlled by their pilots rather than from the ground."[9] The advisory committee directed the trustees to alternate awarding the aeronaut trophy between balloonists and astronauts, but the trustees decided to offer the aviator award to aviation and astronaut recipients.[10] A fifth trophy was created in 1969 to honor achievements in space flight.[11] Some aviatrix awards from 1980-1990 were awarded by the Ninety-Nines based on research performed by Fay Gillis Wells. This work was not coordinated with the NAA or Smithsonian. The original awards were 24-inch-tall bronze statues.[12] The aviator trophy depicts World War I flying ace Raoul Lufbery launching a biplane set next to an eagle about to take wing. The statuette was created by sculptor Roumanbona M'Divani. The Smithsonian Institution acquired the aviator's trophy in 1950 from the Clifford B. Harmon Trust. The aviatrix trophy depicts a winged goddess cradling a falcon with outstretched wings. The aeronaut trophy was lost in Germany between May 1940 and October 1953 and was believed to have been sold as scrap. The three-foot-tall, 150-pound statue of five aviators holding the globe on their shoulders was found in a junk store and subsequently given to the Smithsonian after the presentation of the 1952 awards.[13] List of award winnersThe following is an incomplete list compiled from several sources. The Aeronaut, National and Astronaut categories have not been listed in a central location. The NAA and the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum worked to assemble a complete list to be published in conjunction with the NAA's hundredth anniversary in 2005, however this project was not completed and it appears that the source documents for a period of awards were destroyed.
Source: [60]
References1. ^{{cite news | title = Harmon International Trophies Origin and Purpose | publisher = Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas}} 2. ^{{cite news | date = 1929-11-23 | title = Clifford B. Harmon to President Herbert Clark Hoover | publisher = Hoover Papers, Hoover Library}} 3. ^{{cite news | title = Col.Harmon Dies; Aviation Pioneer; Donor of Aeronautic Trophy a Leader in Modern Technique --Suggested World Force Turned to Ballooning Wanted International Air Force Part in Naval Bombing | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C14FD385F1B7B93C1A9178CD85F418485F9 | format = fee required | work = New York Times | page = 13 | date = 1945-07-03 | accessdate = 2007-01-22}} 4. ^{{cite news | title = 3 Endorse Fund for Air Awards; Harmon Trophy Winners Testify in Fight of Heirs Against Bequest of $55,000 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70812FD395A157B93C3AB178FD85F4C8485F9 | format = fee required | work = New York Times | page = 56 | date = 1948-04-21 | accessdate = 2007-01-22}} 5. ^{{cite news | title = $48,431 to Harmon Fund; Sum Willed by Air Enthusiast to Maintain Trophy Awards | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00815F8385A157B93C5AB178BD95F4C8485F9 | format = fee required | work = New York Times | page = 54 | date = 1948-10-27 | accessdate = 2007-01-22}} 6. ^{{cite news | date = 1947-06-14 | title = RB to Matthew J. Connelly | publisher = Truman Papers, Truman Library | page = WHCF: OF 1049 357R}} 7. ^{{cite news | date = 1946-12-02 | title = Estelle Friedrichs to Matthew J. Connelly | publisher = Truman Papers, Truman Library | page = WHCF: OF 1049 357R}} 8. ^{{cite news | date = 1949-07-25 | title = Matthew J. Connelly to Joseph P. Rowan | publisher = Truman Papers, Truman Library | page = WHCF: OF 1049 357R}} 9. ^{{cite news | title = Raphael H. Beauduy to Charles E. Rosendahl | date = 1962-02-21 | publisher = Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas}} 10. ^1 {{cite news | title = Edward F. X. Ryan to Mary V. Brosnahan | date = 1967-08-03 | publisher = Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite news | title = Maj. Gentry Gets Harmon Trophy | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B13FF3B551B7B93CAA91782D85F4D8685F9 | format = fee required | work = New York Times | page = 82 | date = 1969-09-08 | accessdate = 2007-01-22}} 12. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20041205031139/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/trophy/TROPHYIMAGE/harmon.jpg 13. ^{{cite news | title = Missing Air Trophy is Returned to U.S. | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30715FE3A5D177B93C4A9178AD95F478585F9 | format = fee required | work = New York Times | page = 14 | date = 1953-11-06 | accessdate = 2007-01-22}} 14. ^Awards from 1926-1952 from Significant American and International Awards in Aviation, Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy, Revised February 1954 15. ^Aeronaut awards from 1998 on provided by the National Aeronautic Association's Recent aeronaut list{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 16. ^{{cite news | title = Peace Ace | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786696,00.html | work = Time | date = 1927-01-24 | accessdate = 2007-02-16}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Air Mail Ace Wins Harmon 1926 Trophy; Aviation Award to Pilot Short Is for Merit of Consistent Flying Over Spectacular Performances |url=https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F70A12F934591B728DDDAD0994D9405B878EF1D |work=New York Times |date=1927-01-14 |accessdate=2007-02-16 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 18. ^Carl "Ben" Eielson Biography, National Aviation Hall of Fame {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707020439/http://nationalaviation.blade6.donet.com/components/content_manager_v02/view_nahf/htdocs/menu_ps.asp?NodeId=1005983888&Group_ID=1134656385&Parent_ID=-1 |date=2007-07-07 }} 19. ^1 2 The Harmon National Trophy for Australia, Airways Museum Virtual Tour 20. ^Time Magazine, March 17, 1930 21. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1931/04/08/archives/aviation-trophy-given-to-doolittle-he-receives-harmon-award-at.html Aviation Trophy Given to Doolittle; He Receives Harmon Award at Cleveland for His Work in "Blind" Flying, New York Times, April 8, 1931] 22. ^1 2 3 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D16F73F5D15738DDDAC0894DB405B828FF1D3 General Balbo Wins the Harmon Trophy; Declared 1931 World Aviation Champion -- Ruth Nichols, Pangborn and Herndon Honored], New York Times March 5, 1932 23. ^1 2 3 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0E16FA3F5F1A7A93C7A8178FD85F478385F9 Amelia Earhart Honored; Receives Award of Harmon Trophy for Transatlantic Flight], New York Times April 15, 1933 24. ^1 2 3 [https://www.nytimes.com/1934/04/22/archives/post-and-settle-win-flying-prizes-gain-harmon-international.html Post and Settle Win Flying Prizes; Gain Harmon International Trophies for 1933 for World and Stratosphere Flights. Mrs. Lindbergh Honored Takes Award as Leading U.S. Aviatrix Last Year -- Rosendahl and Eckener Also Named], New York Times April 22, 1934 25. ^1 2 3 [https://www.nytimes.com/1935/03/11/archives/harmon-air-prize-is-won-by-scott-briton-gets-the-international.html Harmon Air Prize is Won by Scott; Briton Gets the International Award for Best Aviator -- Capt. Lehmann Honored], New York Times March 11, 1935 26. ^1 2 3 [https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/18/archives/worlds-air-title-is-won-by-musick-veteran-pilot-of-pan-american.html World's Air Title is Won by Musick; Veteran Pilot of Pan American Clipper Ships Is Named to Get the Harmon Trophy, New York Times, April 18, 1936] 27. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1937/03/01/archives/air-prize-for-hughes-jean-batten-honored-american-crosscountry.html Air Prize for Hughes; Jean Batten Honored; American Cross-Country Flier and New Zealand Girl Get Harmon Trophies], New York Times, March 1, 1937 28. ^1 2 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0617F7345D1B7A93CAA81789D85F4C8385F9 Merrill, Jean Batten Win Harmon Awards; Aviation Honors American and New Zealander-Hughes and Miss Cochran, Named, New York Times, February 18, 1938] 29. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1939/03/25/archives/hughes-is-named-aviation-champion-roundtheworld-flier-gets-harmon.html Hughes is Named Aviation Champion; Round-the-World Flier Gets Harmon Trophy--Olds of Army Wins Medal and Diploma, New York Times, March 25, 1939] 30. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/20/archives/de-seversky-honored-for-plane-advances-receives-harmon-trophy-from.html De Seversky Honored for Plane Advances; Receives Harmon Trophy From President--Sees Air Navies, New York Times, December 20, 1940] 31. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1940/11/09/archives/trophy-presented-to-miss-cochran-flier-receives-the-clifford-burke.html Trophy Presented to Miss Cochran; Flier Receives the Clifford Burke Harmon Award From Mrs. Roosevelt, New York Times, November 9, 1940] 32. ^Harry S. Truman - The President's Day, February 27, 1947 33. ^Harry S. Truman - Truman presenting aeronautics award to Alexander de Seversky, June 24, 1947 34. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/24/archives/ralph-s-damon-honored.html Ralph S. Damon Honored], New York Times June 24, 1949 35. ^{{cite news | date = 1950-03-22 | title = RLK to Matthew J. Connelly | publisher = Truman Papers, Truman Library | page = WHCF: OF 1049 357R}} 36. ^The Harmon Trophy was presented once for the entire decade. Time Magazine, November 13, 1950 37. ^1 2 Harry S. Truman - The President's Day, November 2, 1950 38. ^1 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B16F83D5C117B93C7A9178CD85F458585F9 Harmon Prize Won by Col. Schilling; Leading Fighter Pilot in Last War Named World's Top Aviator of 1950], New York Times, July 5, 1951 39. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/05/archives/airline-pilot-wins-top-harmon-prize-capt-c-f-blair-jr-is-named.html Airline Pilot Wins Top Harmon Prize; Capt. C. F. Blair Jr. Is Named 'Outstanding Aviator' - Award to Mme. Auriol], New York Times, July 5, 1952 40. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1953/07/05/archives/3-fliers-selected-for-harmon-prizes-col-balchen-jacqueline-auriol.html 3 Fliers Selected for Harmon Prizes; Col. Balchen, Jacqueline Auriol and Blimp Test Pilot Named Winners of 1953 {presented in 1953 for 1952} Trophies, New York Times, July 5, 1953] 41. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1954/07/05/archives/yeager-cochran-win-air-trophies-harmon-judges-pick-major-and.html Yeager, Cochran Win Air Trophies; Harmon Judges Pick Major and Aviatrix for Flights Topping Speed of Sound, New York Times, July 5, 1954] 42. ^1 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F10FC3B5E107B93C7A9178CD85F418585F9 Harmon Prizes go for 2 Air 'Firsts'; Vertical-Flight Test Pilot and Airship Endurance Captain Are 1955 Winners, New York Times, July 5, 1955] 43. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1956/08/05/archives/3-aviators-to-get-harmon-trophies-british-test-pilot-french-woman.html 3 Aviators to get Harmon Trophies; British Test Pilot, French Woman Flier and American Navy Officer Picked, New York Times, August 5, 1956] 44. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/11/archives/three-fliers-win-harmon-awards-honored-for-aerial-achievements.html Three Fliers Win Harmon Awards; Honored for Aerial Achievements, New York Times, August 11, 1957] 45. ^1 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A15FD3F59107B93C1A8178AD95F4C8585F9 LeMay and Navy Blimp Man Get Harmon Air Prize, New York Times, November 13, 1958] 46. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1959/12/12/archives/frenchman-cited-as-flier-of-year.html Frenchman Cited as Flier of Year, New York Times, December 12, 1959] 47. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/1960/07/03/archives/2-air-force-pilots-win-harmon-prizes.html 2 Air Force Pilots Win Harmon Prizes, New York Times, July 3, 1960] 48. ^John F. Kennedy - Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Three Test Pilots of the X-15 Rocket Plane, November 28, 1961 49. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/19/archives/president-gives-harmon-trophies-three-pilots-and-widow-of-another.html President Gives Harmon Trophies; Three Pilots and Widow of Another Get Awards, New York Times, October 19, 1962] 50. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0714F93B581A738DDDAB0894D0405B848AF1D3 Astronaut to get a Harmon Trophy; Cooper Will Be Honored for Orbital Trip in 1963, New York Times, August 2, 1964] 51. ^[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B15F63A5B1B728DDDAE0894D1405B848AF1D3 Award to Dutch Balloonist Canceled by Harmon Trust], New York Times, September 7, 1964 52. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/08/archives/2-named-winners-of-harmon-prizes-max-conrad-and-late-mrs-smith.html 2 Named Winners of Harmon Prizes; Max Conrad and Late Mrs. Smith Hailed for Flights], New York Times, August 8, 1965 53. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/07/archives/astronauts-named-for-harmon-award.html Astronauts Names for Harmon Award], New York Times, August 7, 1966 54. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/10/archives/harmon-winners-for-1967-are-named.html Harmon Winners for 1967 {presented in 1967 for 1966} are Named], New York Times September 10, 1967 55. ^Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Maj. William J. Knight, USAF, December 3, 1968 56. ^1 2 3 [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0813FB3C551B7493C5A91782D85F448785F9 Two R.A.F. Pilots to Share Harmon Aviator's Trophy], New York Times September 7, 1970 57. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/21/archives/5-top-pilots-cited-brev-notes-on-people.html 5 Top Pilots Cited], New York Times, September 21, 1973 58. ^1 2 3 Gerald R. Ford - Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon International Aviation Trophies, May 2, 1975 59. ^1 2 The Daily Diary of President Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan Library, December 7, 1982 60. ^ [https://naa.aero/awards/awards-and-trophies/harmon-trophy National Aeronautic Association] 61. ^NAA Announces John Petrehn to Receive 2011 Harmon Trophy for Ballooning 62. ^[https://naa.aero/userfiles/files/documents/Press%20Releases/Harmon%20Trophy%202015.pdf Troy Bradley and Leonid Tiukhtyaev of the Two Eagles Balloon Flight to Receive the 2015 Harmon Trophy] External links
4 : Aviation competitions and awards|Aviation awards|Awards established in 1926|Harmon Trophy winners |
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