| 词条 | Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter |
| 释义 |
|name = Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter |image = Coxeter.jpg |image_size = 240px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1907|02|09}} |birth_place = London, England |death_date = {{death date and age|2003|03|31|1907|02|09}} |death_place = Toronto, Ontario, Canada |residence = Toronto, Ontario, Canada |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = Geometry |work_institutions = University of Toronto |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = H. F. Baker[1] |doctoral_students = {{plainlist|1=
}} |known_for = study of geometry and mathematics |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Smith's Prize (1931) Henry Marshall Tory Medal {{small|(1949)}} CRM-Fields-PIMS prize {{small|(1995)}} Sylvester Medal {{small|(1997)}} |religion = |footnotes = |signature = |spouse = Hendrina, died in 1999 |children = Susan Thomas, and a son, Edgar }}Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter, FRS, FRSC, {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC}} (February 9, 1907 – March 31, 2003)[2] was a British-born Canadian geometer. Coxeter is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century.[3] He was born in London, received his BA (1929) and PhD (1931) from Cambridge, but lived in Canada from age 29. He was always called Donald, from his third name MacDonald.[4] He was most noted for his work on regular polytopes and higher-dimensional geometries. He was a champion of the classical approach to geometry, in a period when the tendency was to approach geometry more and more via algebra.[4] BiographyIn his youth, Coxeter composed music and was an accomplished pianist at the age of 10.[5] He felt that mathematics and music were intimately related, outlining his ideas in a 1962 article on "Mathematics and Music" in the Canadian Music Journal.[5] Coxeter went up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1926 to read mathematics. There he earned his BA (as Senior Wrangler) in 1928, and his doctorate in 1931.[5][6] In 1932 he went to Princeton University for a year as a Rockefeller Fellow, where he worked with Hermann Weyl, Oswald Veblen, and Solomon Lefschetz.[6] Returning to Trinity for a year, he attended Ludwig Wittgenstein's seminars on the philosophy of mathematics.[5] In 1934 he spent a further year at Princeton as a Procter Fellow.[6] In 1936 Coxeter moved to the University of Toronto. In 1938 he and P. Du Val, H.T. Flather, and John Flinders Petrie published The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra with University of Toronto Press. In 1940 Coxeter edited the eleventh edition of Mathematical Recreations and Essays,[7] originally published by W. W. Rouse Ball in 1892. He was elevated to professor in 1948. Coxeter was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1948 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1950. He met M.C. Escher in 1954 and the two became lifelong friends; his work on geometric figures helped inspire some of Escher's works, particularly the Circle Limit series based on hyperbolic tessellations. He also inspired some of the innovations of Buckminster Fuller.[6] Coxeter, M. S. Longuet-Higgins and J. C. P. Miller were the first to publish the full list of uniform polyhedra (1954).[8] He worked for 60 years at the University of Toronto and published twelve books. AwardsSince 1978, the Canadian Mathematical Society have awarded the Coxeter–James Prize in his honor. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1950 and in 1997 he was awarded their Sylvester Medal.[6] In 1990, he became a Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[9] and in 1997 was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.[10] In 1973 he received the Jeffery–Williams Prize.[6] Works
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References1. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=12555}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = S. | last2 = Ivic Weiss | first2 = A. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2006.0004 | title = Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter. 9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003: Elected FRS 1950 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 52 | pages = 45–66 | year = 2006 | pmid = | pmc = }} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Geometry Revisited |url=https://www.maa.org/press/books/geometry-revisited |website=Mathematical Association of America |accessdate=25 December 2018}} 4. ^The Boston Globe (September 10, 2006) "Review: The Man Who Saved Geometry by Siobhan Roberts. "Crying `Death to Triangles!' a generation of mathematicians tried to eliminate geometry in favor of algebra. Were it not for Donald Coxeter, they might have succeeded" 5. ^1 2 3 Roberts, Siobhan, King of Infinite Space: Donald Coxeter, The Man Who Saved Geometry, Walker & Company, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8027-1499-4}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{MacTutor Biography|id=Coxeter}} 7. ^{{cite journal|author=Frame, J. S.|title=Review: Mathematical Recreations and Essays, 11th edition, by W. W. Rouse Ball; revised by H. S. M. Coxeter|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1940|volume=45|issue=3|pages=211–213|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1940-46-03/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8.pdf|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8}} 8. ^{{harvnb|Coxeter|1954}} 9. ^[https://www.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?s=coxeter Foreign Honorary Member elected 1990] 2016 American Academy of Arts & Sciences 10. ^{{Canadian honour|Type=orc|ID=3762|accessdate=26 May 2010}} 11. ^{{cite journal|author=Blumenthal, L. M.|authorlink=Leonard Blumenthal|title=Review: Non-euclidean geometry by H. S. M. Coxeter|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1943|volume=49|issue=9|pages=679–680|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1943-49-09/S0002-9904-1943-07977-3/S0002-9904-1943-07977-3.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1943-07977-3}} 12. ^{{cite journal|author=DuVal, Patrick|authorlink=Patrick du Val|title=Review: The real projective plane by H. S. M. Coxeter|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1950|volume=56|issue=4|pages=376–378|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1950-56-04/S0002-9904-1950-09414-2/S0002-9904-1950-09414-2.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1950-09414-2}} 13. ^{{cite journal|author=Hall Jr., Marshall|authorlink=Marshall Hall (mathematician)|title=Review: Generators and relations for discrete groups by H. S. M. Coxeter and W. O. J. Moser|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|year=1958|volume=64, Part 1|issue=3|pages=106–108|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1958-64-03/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0.pdf|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0}} 14. ^{{cite journal|author=Freudenthal, H.|authorlink=Hans Freudenthal|title=Review: Introduction to geometry by H. S. M. Coxeter|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1962|volume=68|issue=2|pages=55–59|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1962-68-02/S0002-9904-1962-10714-9/S0002-9904-1962-10714-9.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1962-10714-9}} 15. ^{{cite journal|author= Levi, H.|authorlink=Howard Levi|title=Review: Introduction to Geometry by H. S. M. Coxeter|journal=The Journal of Philosophy|year=1963|volume=60|issue=1|pages=19–21|doi=10.2307/2023059|jstor=2023059}} Further reading
External links
15 : 1907 births|2003 deaths|Companions of the Order of Canada|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada|Geometers|Chirality|Polytopes|20th-century English mathematicians|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|University of Toronto faculty|Canadian mathematicians|People from Harpenden|Academics of the University of East Anglia|Senior Wranglers |
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