| 词条 | Hibari Misora | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Hibari Misora | image = Misora Hibari.JPG | caption = Hibari Misora in 1953 | image_size = 220px | birth_name = {{nihongo|加藤 和枝|Katō Kazue}} | alias = | birth_date = May 29, 1937 | birth_place = Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan | death_date = {{death date and age|1989|6|24|1937|5|29}} | death_place = Minato, Tokyo, Japan | occupation = Singer | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist|
| years_active = 1945–1989 | label_name = | associated_acts = | instrument = | website = Official site | current_members = | past_members = | notable_instruments = }}}} {{nihongo|Hibari Misora|美空 ひばり|Misora Hibari|May 29, 1937 – June 24, 1989}} was a Japanese singer, actress and cultural icon.[1][2] She received a Medal of Honor for her contributions to music and for improving the welfare of the public, and was the first woman to receive the People's Honour Award which was conferred posthumously for giving the public hope and encouragement after World War II.[3][4]Misora recorded a total of 1,200 songs, and sold 68 million records.[5] After she passed away, consumer demand for her recordings grew significantly, and by 2001, she had sold more than 80 million records.[6][7] Her male contemporary was Michiya Mihashi and although he was more popular as a singer, Misora's movie career made her more popular with the general public. Her swan-song {{nihongo| "Kawa no Nagare no Yō ni"|川の流れのように}} is often performed by numerous artists and orchestras as a tribute to her, including notable renditions by The Three Tenors (Spanish/Italian), Teresa Teng (Taiwanese), and Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan (Mexican). Each year there is a special on Japanese television and radio featuring her songs. A memorial concert for Misora was held at the Tokyo Dome on November 11, 2012. It featured numerous musicians such as Ai, Koda Kumi, Ken Hirai, Kiyoshi Hikawa, Exile, AKB48 and Nobuyasu Okabayashi amongst others, paying tribute by singing her most famous songs.[3] BiographyLife and careerMisora was born {{nihongo|Kazue Katō|加藤 和枝|Katō Kazue}} in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan. Her father was {{nihongo|Masukichi Katō|加藤 増吉|Katō Masukichi}}, a fishmonger, and her mother {{nihongo|Kimie Katō|加藤 喜美枝|Katō Kimie}}, a housewife. Misora displayed musical talent from an early age after singing for her father at a World War II send-off party in 1943. He invested a small fortune taken from the family's savings to begin a musical career for his daughter. In 1945 she debuted at a concert hall in Yokohama, at the age of eight. At the same time, she changed her last name, Katō, to {{nihongo|Misora|美空||lit. "beautiful sky"}}, at the suggestion of her mother. A year later, she appeared on a NHK broadcast, and impressed the Japanese composer Masao Koga with her singing ability. He considered her to be a prodigy with the courage, understanding, and emotional maturity of an adult. In the following two years, she became an accomplished singer and was touring notable concert halls to sold-out crowds. Her recording career began, aged 12, in 1949. She changed her stage name to Hibari Misora, which means "lark in the beautiful sky," and starred in the film {{nihongo|Nodojiman-kyō jidai|のど自慢狂時代|}}. The film gained her nationwide recognition. She recorded her first single {{nihongo|Kappa Boogie-Woogie|河童ブギウギ|Kappa bugiugi}} for Columbia Records later that year.[8] It became a commercial hit, selling more than 450,000 copies. She subsequently recorded "Kanashiki kuchibue", which was featured on a radio program and was a national hit.[8] As an actress, she starred in around 160 movies from 1949 until 1971, and won numerous awards. Her performance in Tokyo Kid (1950), in which she played a street orphan, made her symbolic of both the hardship and the national optimism of post-World War II Japan.[9] On January 13, 1957, Misora was attacked with hydrochloric acid, and injured in Asakusa International Theater. The attacker was described as an overly enthusiastic fan of hers. In 1962, Misora married actor Akira Kobayashi. They divorced in 1964. In 1973 Tetsuya Katō, Misora's brother, was prosecuted for gang-related activity. Although NHK did not acknowledge any connection, Misora was excluded from Kōhaku Uta Gassen for the first time in 18 years.[8] She then refused to appear on NHK for years afterwards.[8] In 1978, she adopted a 7-year-old boy, Kazuya Kato. Illness and deathIn April 1987, on her way to a performance in Fukuoka, Misora suddenly collapsed. She was rushed to a hospital in Fukuoka, where she was diagnosed with avascular necrosis brought on by chronic hepatitis. She eventually showed signs of recovery in August. Misora commenced recording a new song in October, and in April 1988 performed at her final concert at the Tokyo Dome.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} Misora died from pneumonia on June 24, 1989, aged 52, at a hospital in Tokyo. Her death was widely mourned throughout Japan. Beginning in 1990, television and radio stations annually play her song {{nihongo| "Kawa no Nagare no Yō ni"|川の流れのように}} on her birth-date to show respect. In a national poll by NHK in 1997, the song was voted the greatest Japanese song of all time by more than 10 million people. MuseumIn 1994, the Hibari Misora Museum opened in Arashiyama, Kyoto. This multistorey building traced the history of Misora's life and career in multi-media exhibits, and displayed various memorabilia. It attracted more than 5 million visitors, until its closedown on November 30, 2006, as to allow a scheduled reconstruction of the building. The main exhibits were moved into the Shōwa period section of the Edo-Tokyo Museum, until reconstruction was complete. The new Hibari Misora Theater opened on April 26, 2008, and includes a CD for sale of a previously unreleased song.[10] A bronze statue of her debut was built as a memorial in Yokohama in 2002, and attracts around 300,000 visitors each year.[11] MonumentsA monument depicting Hibari's portrait with an inscribed poem was erected in her memory near Sugi no Osugi in Ōtoyo, Kōchi. In 1947 Hibari Misora, at the age of 10 years, was involved in a traffic accident in Ōtoyo, Kōchi. While recovering from injuries she stayed in the town and reportedly visited Sugi no Osugi and wished to become a famous singer. She returned to Tokyo, where her recording career began in 1949.[12] Portrayals in mediaAfter Hibari's death in 1989, a TBS television drama special aired in the same year by the name of The Hibari Misora Story ({{nihongo2|美空ひばり物語}}), where Misora was portrayed by Kayoko Kishimoto. Question of Korean ancestryHibari Misora's ancestry has been a matter of dispute.[13] In Korean society, there are assertions that she was of ethnic Korean ancestry, and that she and her family held Korean passports. This claim spread around widely.[8][14][15][16][17] After her death in 1989, author Rou Takenaka and journalist Tsukasa Yoshida investigated Misora's background, confirming that she was not Korean, but Japanese.[18][19][20] Notable songs
FilmographyHibari Misora appeared in 166 films:[21] 1940s(1940s complete)
1950s(1950s is complete)
1960s - 1980s
Songs in filmsHer songs also appeared in 5 Japanese films:[21]
See also{{Portal|Japan|Biography|Film}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/nhk50years/categories/p54/index.html |title=NHKは何を伝えてきたか−NHKテレビ番組の50年 |publisher=Nhk.or.jp |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407103850/http://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/nhk50years/categories/p54/index.html |archivedate=2015-04-07 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|author=2003年11月26日 (水) |url=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=311040086 |title=Top 100 Japanese pops Artists - No.5｜HMV ONLINE |publisher=Hmv.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.avexlive.jp/pc/index.php?toid=PC_COMMENT&fromid=PC_STORE_TOP&id=532 |title=| a-ticket（エーチケット） |publisher=Avexlive.jp |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hyou.net/ka/eiyosho.htm |title=国民栄誉賞受賞者リスト |publisher=Hyou.net |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 5. ^https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7DA1E3EF936A15755C0A96F948260 New York Times obituary June 25, 1989 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://columbia.jp/company/en/corporate/history/index.html |title=Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd. | History |publisher=Columbia.jp |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bk1.jp/product/02060223 |title=hontoネットストア - 美空ひばり大全集 ２０世紀の宝石 全歌詩集録/ドレミ楽譜出版社編集部 - 本 |publisher=Bk1.jp |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Mark|title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture|editor=Sandra Buckley|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|pages=123, 323–4|isbn=978-0-415-14344-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wtkm3O3nWXkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Culture&client=firefox-a#PPA251,M1}} 9. ^{{cite book |last=Tansman|first=Alan|editor=John Whittier Treat|title=Contemporary Japan and Popular Culture|chapter=Mournful tears and sake: The postwar myth of Misora Hibari|year=1996|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=0-8248-1854-7}} 10. ^{{cite web|author=日本コロムビア |url=http://google.com/search?q=cache:LqQQYTdwLK0J:columbia.jp/company/en/ir/news_release/pdf/080808.pdf |title=Columbia Music Entertainment, Inc |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-27}} 11. ^ {{dead link|date=January 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|author=高知県観光コンベンション |url=http://www.attaka.or.jp.e.qy.hp.transer.com/kanko/dtl.php?ID=373 |title=Misora Hibari Poem |publisher=attaka.or.jp |date= |accessdate=2016-01-21}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Yano|first=Christine R. |title=Refashioning Pop Music in Asia: Cosmopolitan Flows, Political Tempos, and Aesthetic Industries|editor=B. Shoesmith|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|page=168|chapter=Raising the ante of desire: foreign female singers in a Japanese pop music world|isbn=978-0-7007-1401-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT2Mje38yPsC&pg=PA168}} 14. ^{{cite book|last= Dorian|first=Frederick|title=World Music|publisher=Rough Guide|year=1999|page=148|isbn=978-1-85828-636-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzX8THIgRjUC&pg=PA148&dq=Hibari+Misora+Korean&lr=&as_brr=0&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U1f-SbQGRYInCD2dS0CQQkGnj29qw}} 15. ^{{cite book|last=Lie|first=John|title=Koreans in Japan|editor=Sonia Ryane|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|page=2002|chapter=Ordinary (Korean) Japanese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ay2m5AkWDsC&pg=PA202|isbn=978-0-415-21999-0}} 16. ^{{cite book|last=Weiner|first=Michael|title=Race, ethnicity and migration in modern Japan|publisher=Routledge Press|year=2004|page=167|isbn=978-0-415-20854-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ffOut-Ay_8C&pg=PA169}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=A touch of Korea |last=Wan|first=Foong Woei|date=13 August 2006|publisher=The Straits Times}} 18. ^Shukan Bunshu {{nihongo2|「『美空ひばりの父は韓国人』はどこまで本当か」}}, August 10, 1989. 19. ^{{nihongo2|美空ひばり時代を歌う}} (1989.7) {{ISBN|4-10-365402-3}} 20. ^http://www.goodsarchive.com/kakaku/4062098172.html{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 21. ^1 http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0331260.htm accessed 20 January 2009 22. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0440914/ accessed 10 February 2009] Bibliography
External links
22 : 1937 births|1989 deaths|20th-century Japanese actresses|Acid attack victims|Columbia Records artists|Deaths from pneumonia|Enka singers|Infectious disease deaths in Japan|Japanese child actresses|Japanese child singers|Japanese female pop singers|Japanese film actresses|Japanese female jazz singers|Nippon Columbia artists|People from Yokohama|People of Shōwa-period Japan|People's Honour Award winners|Musicians from Kanagawa Prefecture|Japanese contraltos|20th-century Japanese singers|Japanese racehorse owners and breeders|20th-century women singers |
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