请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Index of Economic Freedom
释义

  1. 2018 Index

     Not ranked 

  2. 2017 ranking with more attributes

  3. Method

     Rule of law  Government size  Regulatory efficiency  Market openness 

  4. Meaning

  5. Ratings

  6. Reception

  7. Historical rankings

     Historical ranks and scores  Method (old)  Historical positions (1995–2008) 

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{About|the index published by the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation|other indices|Indices of economic freedom}}{{italic title}}

The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created in 1995 by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations. The creators of the index took an approach similar to Adam Smith's in The Wealth of Nations, that "basic institutions that protect the liberty of individuals to pursue their own economic interests result in greater prosperity for the larger society".[1][2]

2018 Index

Key: ██ Free (80–100)██ Mostly Free (70–79.9)██ Moderately Free (60–69.9)██ Mostly Unfree (50–59.9)██ Repressed (0–49.9)
Country[3] Score Change
{{flag|Hong Kong}}90.2{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Singapore}}88.8{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|New Zealand}}84.2{{increase}} 0.5
{{flag|Switzerland}}81.7{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Australia}}80.9{{decrease}} 0.1
{{flag|Ireland}}80.4{{increase}} 3.7
{{flag|Estonia}}78.8{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|United Kingdom}}78.0{{increase}} 1.6
{{flag|Canada}}77.7{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}77.6{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Iceland}}77.0{{increase}} 2.6
{{flag|Denmark}}76.6{{increase}} 1.5
{{flag|Taiwan}}76.6{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Luxembourg}}76.4{{increase}} 0.5
{{flag|Sweden}}76.3{{increase}} 1.4
{{flag|Georgia}}76.2{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Netherlands}}76.2{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|United States}}75.7{{increase}} 0.6
{{flag|Lithuania}}75.3{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Chile}}75.2{{decrease}} 1.3
{{flag|Mauritius}}75.1{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Malaysia}}74.5{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Norway}}74.3{{increase}} 0.3
{{flag|Czech Republic}}74.2{{increase}} 0.9
{{flag|Germany}}74.2{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Finland}}74.1{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|South Korea}}73.8{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Latvia}}73.6{{decrease}} 1.2
{{flag|Qatar}}72.6{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Japan}}72.3{{increase}} 2.7
{{flag|Israel}}72.2{{increase}} 2.5
{{flag|Austria}}71.8{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Macedonia}}71.3{{increase}} 0.6
{{flag|Macau}}70.9{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Botswana}}69.9{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Vanuatu}}69.5{{increase}} 2.1
{{flag|Romania}}69.4{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|Uruguay}}69.2{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Rwanda}}69.1{{increase}} 1.5
{{flag|Jamaica}}69.1{{decrease}} 0.4
{{flag|Kazakhstan}}69.1{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Colombia}}68.9{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Peru}}68.7{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Armenia}}68.7{{decrease}} 1.6
{{flag|Poland}}68.5{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Malta}}68.5{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Bulgaria}}68.3{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Cyprus}}67.8{{decrease}} 0.1
{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}67.7{{increase}} 2.5
{{flag|Bahrain}}67.7{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Saint Lucia}}67.6{{increase}} 2.6
{{flag|Belgium}}67.5{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|Thailand}}67.1{{increase}} 0.9
{{flag|Panama}}67.0{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Hungary}}66.7{{increase}} 0.9
{{flag|Kosovo}}66.6{{decrease}} 1.3
{{flag|Costa Rica}}65.6{{increase}} 0.6
{{flag|Turkey}}65.4{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Slovakia}}65.3{{decrease}} 0.4
{{flag|Spain}}65.1{{increase}} 1.5
{{flag|Philippines}}65.0{{decrease}} 0.6
{{flag|Jordan}}64.9{{decrease}} 1.8
{{flag|Mexico}}64.8{{increase}} 1.2
{{flag|Slovenia}}64.8{{increase}} 5.6
{{flag|Albania}}64.5{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Dominica}}64.5{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Azerbaijan}}64.3{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Montenegro}}64.3{{increase}} 2.3
{{flag|Indonesia}}64.2{{increase}} 2.3
{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}64.2{{decrease}} 5.6
{{flag|France}}63.9{{increase}} 0.6
{{flag|Portugal}}63.4{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Guatemala}}63.4{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|The Bahamas}}63.3{{increase}} 2.2
{{flag|El Salvador}}63.2{{decrease}} 0.9
{{flag|Tonga}}63.1{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|South Africa}}63.0{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}62.8{{increase}} 1.7
{{flag|Italy}}62.5{{steady}} 0.0
{{flag|Serbia}}62.5{{increase}} 3.6
{{flag|Kuwait}}62.2{{decrease}} 2.9
{{flag|Paraguay}}62.1{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|Uganda}}62.0{{increase}} 1.1
{{flag|Fiji}}62.0{{decrease}} 1.4
{{flag|Ivory Coast}}62.0{{decrease}} 1.0
{{flag|Morocco}}61.9{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Bhutan}}61.8{{increase}} 3.4
{{flag|Seychelles}}61.6{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Dominican Republic}}61.6{{decrease}} 1.3
{{flag|Samoa}}61.6{{increase}} 3.1
{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}61.4{{increase}} 1.2
{{flag|Croatia}}61.0{{increase}} 1.6
{{flag|Oman}}61.0{{decrease}} 1.1
{{flag|Honduras}}60.6{{increase}} 1.8
{{flag|Burkina Faso}}60.0{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Cabo Verde}}60.0{{increase}} 3.1
{{flag|Tanzania}}59.9{{increase}} 1.3
{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}59.6{{decrease}} 4.8
{{flag|Tunisia}}58.9{{increase}} 3.2
{{flag|Nicaragua}}58.9{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|Cambodia}}58.7{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Guyana}}58.7{{increase}} 0.2
{{flag|Namibia}}58.5{{decrease}} 4.0
{{flag|Nigeria}}58.5{{increase}} 1.4
{{flag|Moldova}}58.4{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Tajikistan}}58.3{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Russia}}58.2{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Belarus}}58.1{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Gabon}}58.0{{decrease}} 0.6
{{flag|China}}57.8{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Sri Lanka}}57.8{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}57.7{{decrease}} 3.5
{{flag|Mali}}57.6{{decrease}} 1.0
{{flag|Solomon Islands}}57.5{{increase}} 2.5
{{flag|Greece}}57.3{{increase}} 2.3
{{flag|Belize}}57.1{{decrease}} 1.5
{{flag|Barbados}}57.0{{increase}} 2.5
{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}56.9{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Madagascar}}56.8{{decrease}} 0.6
{{flag|Benin}}56.7{{decrease}} 2.5
{{flag|Comoros}}56.2{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Ghana}}56.0{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Swaziland}}55.9{{decrease}} 5.2
{{flag|Haiti}}55.8{{increase}} 6.2
{{flag|Mongolia}}55.7{{increase}} 0.9
{{flag|Senegal}}55.7{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}55.7{{increase}} 4.8
{{flag|Bangladesh}}55.1{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Kenya}}54.7{{increase}} 1.2
{{flag|India}}54.5{{increase}} 1.9
{{flag|Pakistan}}54.4{{increase}} 1.6
{{flag|Zambia}}54.3{{decrease}} 1.5
{{flag|Nepal}}54.1{{decrease}} 1.0
{{flag|Mauritania}}54.0{{decrease}} 0.4
{{flag|Myanmar}}53.9{{increase}} 1.4
{{flag|Lesotho}}53.9{{steady}} 0.0
{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}53.6{{decrease}} 1.8
{{flag|Laos}}53.6{{decrease}} 0.4
{{flag|Egypt}}53.4{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Lebanon}}53.2{{decrease}} 0.1
{{flag|Vietnam}}53.1{{increase}} 0.7
{{flag|Ethiopia}}52.8{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Micronesia}}52.3{{decrease}} 1.8
{{flag|Argentina}}52.3{{increase}} 1.9
{{flag|The Gambia}}52.3{{decrease}} 1.1
{{flag|Guinea}}52.2{{increase}} 4.6
{{flag|Congo-Kinshasa}}52.2{{decrease}} 4.3
{{flag|Malawi}}52.1{{decrease}} 0.2
{{flag|Cameroon}}52.0{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Ukraine}}51.9{{increase}} 3.8
{{flag|Sierra Leone}}51.8{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Uzbekistan}}51.5{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Brazil}}51.4{{decrease}} 1.5
{{flag|Afghanistan}}51.1{{increase}} 2.4
{{flag|Maldives}}51.1{{increase}} 0.8
{{flag|Iran}}51.0{{increase}} 0.4
{{flag|Burundi}}50.9{{decrease}} 2.3
{{flag|Liberia}}50.9{{increase}} 1.8
{{flag|Kiribati}}50.8{{decrease}} 0.1
{{flag|Niger}}49.5{{decrease}} 1.3
{{flag|Sudan}}49.4{{increase}} 0.6
{{flag|Chad}}49.3{{increase}} 0.3
{{flag|Central African Republic}}49.2{{decrease}} 2.6
{{flag|Angola}}48.6{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Ecuador}}48.5{{decrease}} 0.8
{{flag|Suriname}}48.1{{increase}} 0.1
{{flag|Timor-Leste}}48.1{{increase}} 1.8
{{flag|Togo}}47.8{{decrease}} 5.4
{{flag|Turkmenistan}}47.1{{decrease}} 0.3
{{flag|Mozambique}}46.3{{decrease}} 3.6
{{flag|Djibouti}}45.1{{decrease}} 1.6
{{flag|Algeria}}44.7{{decrease}} 1.8
{{flag|Bolivia}}44.1{{decrease}} 3.6
{{flag|Zimbabwe}}44.0{{steady}} 0.0
{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}42.0{{decrease}} 3.0
{{flag|Eritrea}}41.7{{decrease}} 0.5
{{flag|Congo-Brazzaville}}38.9{{decrease}} 1.1
{{flag|Cuba}}31.9{{decrease}} 2.0
{{flag|Venezuela}}25.2{{decrease}} 1.8
{{flag|North Korea}}5.8{{increase}} 0.9

Not ranked

  • {{flag|Andorra}}
  • {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
  • {{flag|Grenada}}
  • {{flag|Iraq}}
  • {{flag|Libya}}
  • {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
  • {{flag|Marshall Islands}}
  • {{flag|Monaco}}
  • {{flag|Nauru}}
  • {{flag|Palau}}
  • {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
  • {{flag|San Marino}}
  • {{flag|Somalia}}
  • {{flag|South Sudan}}
  • {{flag|Syria}}
  • {{flag|Tuvalu}}

2017 ranking with more attributes

The following table contains more attributes. The whole table is available in XLS format at The Heritage Foundation web site.[4]

Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Afghanistan}}48,912,628,427,591,679,997,354,259,969,366,000
Albania}}64,454,028,539,786,972,551,579,350,781,487,77070
Algeria}}46,538,229,631,781,151,019,862,149,567,063,33530
Angola}}48,536,419,812,887,758,670,758,540,470,656,73040
Argentina}}50,432,439,638,262,654,656,457,346,150,966,75050
Armenia}}70,355,542,543,483,781,782,978,572,472,880,28070
Australia}}81,081,792,974,863,259,084,689,384,186,486,28090
Austria}}72,386,081,875,250,319,379,776,967,683,487,09070
Azerbaijan}}63,650,533,037,687,757,597,471,575,073,674,45550
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Bahamas}}61,145,348,738,297,183,842,368,571,577,050,65060
Bahrain}}68,564,253,755,599,969,812,069,478,780,782,87580
Bangladesh}}55,034,926,019,172,894,078,753,468,768,663,65030
Barbados}}54,555,533,034,374,039,00,069,667,783,762,27560
Belarus}}58,650,956,337,689,848,792,871,374,660,480,63010
Belgium}}67,883,369,371,544,19,666,382,061,184,987,08570
Belize}}58,643,548,735,081,368,660,562,753,679,670,15050
Benin}}59,236,029,431,368,685,971,351,952,485,468,78050
Bhutan}}58,460,150,744,783,173,661,772,677,667,160,02030
Bolivia}}47,725,715,432,686,149,181,458,935,866,476,0540
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Bosnia and Herzegovina}}60,241,240,032,783,533,789,347,459,384,086,66560
Botswana}}70,158,154,057,677,161,299,468,868,677,983,86570
Brazil}}52,955,049,733,470,153,122,861,352,367,069,45050
Bulgaria}}67,962,538,941,891,058,486,466,768,383,387,07060
Burkina Faso}}59,638,228,431,782,682,588,446,453,384,669,27040
Burma}}52,523,012,929,686,281,589,950,177,165,474,22020
Burundi}}53,225,719,824,673,869,569,653,567,475,274,25530
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Cambodia}}59,542,422,112,890,288,195,729,662,081,080,36050
Cameroon}}51,843,529,617,475,484,460,944,347,880,153,43550
Canada}}78,588,380,881,677,452,380,381,973,177,888,48080
Cabo Verde}}56,942,650,241,878,370,71,265,543,286,768,27560
Central African Republic}}51,812,633,028,765,894,184,127,242,768,255,28030
Chad}}49,030,624,124,646,087,274,627,544,974,354,76040
Chile}}76,568,263,770,577,682,296,172,364,382,286,48570
China}}57,448,360,741,670,073,092,553,963,471,873,62020
Colombia}}69,763,825,239,680,174,289,877,177,977,081,68070
Comoros}}55,837,322,630,064,681,298,658,550,681,570,24530
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Democratic Republic of the Congo}}56,440,648,728,673,494,799,359,938,478,664,63020
Congo, Republic of}}40,034,822,630,566,836,211,632,137,576,152,25030
Costa Rica}}65,051,655,655,479,488,542,468,153,980,884,77050
Côte d'Ivoire}}63,042,645,834,378,484,687,062,150,673,272,37550
Croatia}}59,465,556,843,466,831,344,758,243,380,387,47560
Cuba}}33,932,410,041,851,30,081,220,020,066,064,51010
Cyprus}}67,975,460,753,673,048,872,975,858,683,387,07550
Czech Republic}}73,370,355,955,982,945,392,067,277,785,887,08080
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Denmark}}75,186,768,584,937,25,795,493,985,885,587,09080
Djibouti}}46,712,310,332,680,939,513,851,659,075,354,98050
Dominica}}63,743,867,740,973,267,572,672,159,089,572,67530
Dominican Republic}}62,956,125,330,984,690,290,152,856,276,777,07540
Ecuador}}49,338,722,333,979,146,156,455,447,367,769,73540
Egypt}}52,635,456,332,786,163,04,666,851,369,670,25540
El Salvador}}64,145,335,431,779,085,974,757,354,579,286,58060
Equatorial Guinea}}45,035,413,124,675,453,646,450,938,578,353,84030
Eritrea}}42,236,410,327,581,374,70,056,769,761,069,2020
Estonia}}79,182,682,869,981,255,899,877,056,985,787,09080
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Ethiopia}}52,732,629,637,677,190,386,550,057,265,765,12020
Fiji}}63,467,741,932,780,772,584,161,370,575,568,85550
Finland}}74,090,682,790,066,60,077,390,253,485,187,08580
France}}63,385,072,769,747,62,057,078,044,181,682,07070
Gabon}}58,635,926,737,677,081,096,150,658,483,061,85540
Gambia}}53,439,138,838,274,974,33,252,865,663,865,07550
Georgia}}76,055,166,565,087,374,493,587,275,978,288,68060
Germany}}73,882,979,577,761,941,489,986,642,885,987,08070
Ghana}}56,251,640,935,584,576,39,259,657,464,565,17060
Greece}}55,052,556,141,361,15,458,174,351,078,282,06040
Guatemala}}63,045,027,827,579,294,893,558,748,279,487,06550
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Guinea}}47,615,613,127,569,178,434,255,854,871,161,25040
Guinea-Bissau}}56,133,848,728,789,087,575,346,760,977,765,23030
Guyana}}58,537,734,133,968,072,880,963,270,979,870,76030
Haiti}}49,612,625,119,180,381,051,849,462,173,870,64030
Honduras}}58,845,038,232,283,374,764,156,931,277,378,46560
Hong Kong SAR}}89,893,784,080,393,090,0100,094,689,183,290,09090
Hungary}}65,860,151,841,579,325,379,364,064,491,787,07570
Iceland}}74,485,071,571,570,941,190,690,262,681,288,08060
India}}52,655,444,444,377,277,411,052,841,675,072,64040
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Indonesia}}61,948,339,344,783,689,990,149,148,974,080,53560
Iran}}50,532,436,029,681,192,794,964,854,555,554,5010
Iraq}}N/A37,315,919,1N/A36,111,361,268,076,9N/AN/AN/A
Ireland}}76,785,878,378,372,757,160,380,373,687,687,09070
Israel}}69,771,982,047,661,050,571,869,964,384,988,07570
Italy}}62,574,655,444,754,922,366,969,852,986,987,08550
Jamaica}}69,558,061,538,281,077,579,978,973,779,575,38050
Japan}}69,689,473,886,168,552,39,582,377,583,082,67060
Jordan}}66,760,149,549,891,373,355,563,958,186,782,07060
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Kazakhstan}}69,056,156,538,093,385,798,974,582,573,978,54050
Kenya}}53,545,142,724,778,577,914,450,062,473,867,25550
Kiribati}}50,948,033,037,673,60,099,551,571,982,058,22530
Korea, North}}4,932,45,011,60,00,00,05,05,00,00,000
Korea, South}}74,377,859,967,373,768,997,490,657,084,079,56570
Kuwait}}65,155,556,441,397,740,899,861,261,573,678,75560
Kyrgyz Republic}}61,150,917,230,393,755,278,973,779,868,575,36050
Laos}}54,035,335,932,686,176,661,266,354,470,274,63520
Latvia}}74,872,659,767,384,757,495,079,872,086,587,07560
Lebanon}}53,343,825,323,391,876,10,051,549,578,484,46550
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Lesotho}}53,951,650,939,655,70,092,252,257,776,480,25040
Liberia}}49,133,641,031,483,660,136,253,148,571,860,15020
Libya}}N/A6,822,626,795011,465,052,569,280,0N/AN/A
Liechtenstein}}N/An/an/an/aN/AN/AN/A92,385,7N/A90,08580
Lithuania}}75,873,062,469,786,964,193,679,163,690,087,07070
Luxembourg}}75,985,877,078,364,546,099,068,643,886,287,09580
Macau}}70,760,060,037,172,392,8100,060,050,070,890,08570
Macedonia}}70,767,061,452,091,968,972,681,566,780,886,16060
Madagascar}}57,434,821,425,091,093,279,843,343,873,378,05550
Malawi}}52,236,044,231,379,169,833,545,356,954,770,55550
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Malaysia}}73,885,367,351,885,378,776,590,873,185,381,26050
Maldives}}50,345,133,031,493,051,59,480,670,476,347,83530
Mali}}58,636,733,834,369,488,087,844,251,183,070,16540
Malta}}67,767,762,953,662,844,985,162,557,283,587,08560
Mauritania}}54,422,513,829,281,273,277,164,457,481,962,35040
Mauritius}}74,764,472,644,392,081,574,978,268,881,188,78070
Mexico}}63,658,138,730,074,976,766,870,757,978,880,07060
Micronesia}}54,130,030,040,790,70,098,657,867,783,685,63530
Moldova}}58,049,623,928,686,154,890,665,938,972,080,05550
Mongolia}}54,851,328,436,887,157,60,067,276,672,374,94560
Montenegro}}62,058,050,443,483,133,144,372,067,482,584,77550
Morocco}}61,555,041,937,171,769,455,067,733,882,784,07070
Mozambique}}49,940,632,430,973,258,222,758,841,079,976,73550
Namibia}}62,553,850,641,365,255,666,467,684,477,283,56540
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Nepal}}55,137,332,026,784,989,598,464,647,672,268,11030
Netherlands}}75,887,469,985,753,237,083,080,270,585,887,09080
New Zealand}}83,796,188,589,970,846,597,891,886,290,187,48080
Nicaragua}}59,231,115,927,477,280,896,159,055,671,281,06550
Niger}}50,833,822,635,076,373,438,539,146,183,366,45540
Nigeria}}57,135,333,212,285,295,287,248,973,971,362,34040
Norway}}74,086,783,388,355,638,598,489,548,875,887,77560
Oman}}62,160,852,347,698,520,536,368,470,380,685,26560
Pakistan}}52,836,434,130,578,987,330,861,237,874,867,25540
Panama}}66,361,121,540,985,283,184,974,443,078,477,87570
Papua New Guinea}}50,937,754,032,767,864,516,759,867,469,885,42530
Paraguay}}62,438,223,332,696,283,095,162,428,578,376,67560
Peru}}68,958,328,238,880,385,198,469,462,883,387,17560
Philippines}}65,649,237,138,778,989,497,262,657,280,676,46060
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Poland}}68,360,858,055,576,046,976,167,861,584,787,07570
Portugal}}62,673,368,959,059,825,132,186,443,485,987,07060
Qatar}}73,174,863,059,099,671,297,468,165,480,683,15560
Romania}}69,763,958,545,987,465,390,965,962,583,687,07550
Russia}}57,147,644,538,281,861,593,474,850,857,375,23030
Rwanda}}67,664,468,845,979,877,383,359,081,880,070,36040
Saint Lucia}}65,065,568,839,676,471,653,877,268,782,371,66540
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}65,237,368,847,672,871,766,780,374,582,965,27540
Samoa}}58,451,322,637,180,451,966,677,073,384,570,75530
São Tomé and Príncipe}}55,437,715,939,787,867,967,165,047,269,671,86530
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Saudi Arabia}}64,462,065,045,999,754,565,773,868,570,178,24050
Senegal}}55,944,039,342,170,974,351,850,838,986,073,16040
Serbia}}58,950,340,238,283,340,346,962,965,980,877,87050
Seychelles}}61,855,242,644,378,863,990,763,455,978,383,45530
Sierra Leone}}52,637,427,018,981,390,276,249,629,771,169,46020
Singapore}}88,697,191,587,990,590,180,795,190,884,390,08580
Slovak Republic}}65,769,038,039,679,747,282,964,954,481,187,07570
Slovenia}}59,275,055,153,658,728,66,180,660,285,387,07050
Solomon Islands}}55,039,341,933,962,834,499,868,570,581,083,01530
South Africa}}62,367,659,747,670,268,470,062,058,975,877,34050
Spain}}63,671,253,957,262,541,426,966,955,385,587,08570
Sri Lanka}}57,448,048,330,085,390,231,272,857,576,074,53540
Sudan}}48,831,119,818,986,595,185,553,949,759,350,51520
Suriname}}48,045,115,431,770,169,616,248,676,175,168,43030
Swaziland}}61,153,533,330,974,871,693,257,564,475,688,95040
Sweden}}74,988,682,287,444,421,793,490,853,285,387,08580
Switzerland}}81,586,977,680,370,967,595,876,872,284,490,08590
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Syria}}N/A37,322,630,0N/AN/A0,066,455,7N/A56,6N/AN/A
Taiwan}}76,586,567,770,575,389,583,793,455,085,286,26560
Tajikistan}}58,245,545,632,790,974,195,865,649,269,873,92530
Tanzania}}58,633,828,829,280,389,576,650,164,369,676,05550
Thailand}}66,251,341,740,781,085,396,369,962,872,982,85060
Timor-Leste}}46,36,810,329,264,765,620,072,263,977,580,04520
Togo}}53,233,839,936,868,279,845,150,346,277,571,36030
Tonga}}63,065,519,847,686,974,479,676,186,080,679,74020
Trinidad and Tobago}}61,254,748,736,881,457,751,867,771,475,978,66050
Tunisia}}55,749,639,937,373,773,453,480,656,175,963,83530
Turkey}}65,261,352,540,775,557,795,764,348,572,279,47560
Turkmenistan}}47,432,45,029,695,392,398,930,020,074,880,0010
Uganda}}60,939,334,628,773,791,078,142,484,680,378,36040
Ukraine}}48,141,422,629,278,638,267,962,148,847,485,92530
United Arab Emirates}}76,976,785,074,296,467,499,281,180,978,483,54060
United Kingdom}}76,493,893,078,365,141,940,489,972,885,087,09080
United States}}75,181,375,178,165,355,953,384,491,080,187,18070
Uruguay}}69,770,266,870,377,569,477,274,862,971,380,68530
Uzbekistan}}52,348,041,927,590,766,299,864,850,461,166,8010
Vanuatu}}67,465,533,070,597,080,499,151,458,174,873,96540
Venezuela}}27,06,810,311,672,551,515,239,728,516,860,7010
Vietnam}}52,449,732,024,679,674,621,161,262,276,083,12540
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom
Yemen}}N/A37,322,617,4N/A77,210,651,454,259,7N/AN/AN/A
Zambia}}55,849,639,835,073,181,621,666,648,270,778,35550
Zimbabwe}}44,027,326,114,761,175,290,636,233,176,552,82510
Somalia}}N/A6,8N/A11,6100N/A0,092,391,8N/AN/AN/AN/A
Kosovo}}67,970,358,045,993,577,888,968,865,380,070,86530
Brunei Darussalam}}69,862,539,940,985,661,2100,076,690,476,189,16550
Country Name2017 ScoreProperty RightsJudicial StrengthGov't IntegrityTax BurdenGov't SpendingFiscal HealthBusiness FreedomLabor FreedomMonetary FreedomTrade FreedomInvestment FreedomFinancial Freedom

Method

The 2018 ranking scores aspects of economic freedom between 0 and 100, with 0 meaning "no economic freedom" and 100 meaning "total economic freedom". There are twelve aspects divided into four categories.[5]

Rule of law

Property rights

Degree of a country's legal protection of private property rights and degree of enforcement of those laws. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. physical property rights
  2. intellectual property rights
  3. strength of investor protection
  4. risk of expropriation
  5. quality of land administration
Judicial effectiveness

Degree of the judiciary's efficiency and fairness, especially dealing with property laws. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. judicial independence
  2. quality of the judicial process
  3. likelihood of obtaining favorable judicial decisions
Government integrity

Analyzes how prevalent are forms of political corruption and practices such as bribery, extortion, nepotism, cronyism, patronage, embezzlement, and graft. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. public trust in politicians
  2. irregular payments and bribes
  3. transparency of government policymaking
  4. absence of corruption
  5. perceptions of corruption
  6. governmental and civil service transparency

Government size

Tax burden

Analyzes marginal tax rates on personal and corporate income and the overall taxation level (including direct and indirect taxes imposed by all levels of government) as a percentage of the GDP. Its sub-factors are:

  1. top marginal tax rate on individual income
  2. top marginal tax rate on corporate income
  3. total tax burden as a percentage of GDP
Government spending

Quantifies the burden of government expenditures, including consumption by the state and all transfer payments related to various entitlement programs. The ideal level varies from country to country, but zero expenditure is used as a benchmark.

Fiscal health

Analyzes how well a country manages its budget by quantifying the growing debt and deficit. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. average deficits as a percentage of GDP for the most recent three years (80 percent of score)
  2. debt as a percentage of GDP (20 percent of score)

Regulatory efficiency

Business freedom

Analyses the cost, time and freedom to open, operate and close a business, taking into consideration factors like electricity. It is divided into thirteen sub-factors:

  1. starting a business—procedures (number);
  2. starting a business—time (days);
  3. starting a business—cost (% of income per capita);
  4. starting a business—minimum capital (% of income per capita);
  5. obtaining a license—procedures (number);
  6. obtaining a license—time (days);
  7. obtaining a license—cost (% of income per capita);
  8. closing a business—time (years);
  9. closing a business—cost (% of estate);
  10. closing a business—recovery rate (cents on the dollar);
  11. getting electricity—procedures (number);
  12. getting electricity—time (days); and
  13. getting electricity—cost (% of income per capita).
Labor freedom

Quantifies the intrusivness of labor rights such as minimum wage, laws inhibiting layoffs, severance requirements, and measurable regulatory restraints on hiring and hours worked, plus the labor force participation rate as an indicative measure of employment opportunities in the labor market. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. ratio of minimum wage to the average value added per worker
  2. hindrance to hiring additional workers
  3. rigidity of hours
  4. difficulty of firing redundant employees
  5. legally mandated notice period
  6. mandatory severance pay
  7. labor force participation rate
Monetary freedom

Analyses how stable are prices and how much microeconomy intervenes. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

  1. weighted average inflation rate for the most recent three years
  2. price controls

Market openness

Trade freedom

Quantifies the extent to which tariff and nontariff barriers affect imports and exports of goods and services into and out of the country. Its sub-factors are:

  1. trade-weighted average tariff rate
  2. nontariff barriers (NTBs)
Investment freedom

Analyses how free or constrained is the flow of investment capital of individuals and firms.

Financial freedom

Indicates banking efficiency as well as how independent from the government is the financial sector. This aspect looks at five broad areas:

  1. extent of government regulation of financial services
  2. degree of state intervention in banks and other financial firms through direct and indirect ownership
  3. government influence on the allocation of credit
  4. extent of financial and capital market development
  5. openness to foreign competition

Meaning

The Heritage Foundation reports that the top 20% on the index have twice the per capita income of those in the second quintile, and five times that of the bottom 20%.[6] Carl Schramm, who wrote the first chapter of the 2008 Index, states that cities of Medieval Italy and mid-19th century Midwestern American cities all flourished to the degree they possessed economic fluidity and institutional adaptiveness created by economic freedom.[7]

According to Will Wilkinson of the libertarian think tank Cato Institute, studies show that higher economic freedom correlates strongly with higher self-reported happiness.[8] According to economists Tomi Ovaska and Ryo Takashima, economic freedom research suggests "that people unmistakably care about the degree to which the society where they live provides them opportunities and the freedom to undertake new projects, strongly with and make choices based on one's personal preferences."[9]

According to the Cato Institute, higher economic freedom promotes participation and collaboration.[10] Also claimed is that higher economic freedom is extremely significant in preventing wars; according to their calculations, freedom is around 54 times more effective than democracy (as measured by Democracy Score) in diminishing violent conflict.[11]

Ratings

Since the index was created in 1995, the score for world economic freedom has increased, rising 2.6 points up to 2008.[12] In 2011 the score had decreased from the 2008 score of 60.2 to 59.7, which represents an increase of 2.2 points since 1995. The Economic Freedom score improved for 117 countries, the majority of countries included in the index, which were mainly developing and emerging market economies. With the exception of Europe and North America, there were increased levels of freedom recorded in all regions, with the greatest improvement shown in Sub-Saharan Africa. The top five "free" economies identified by the 2011 index were Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland, each scoring over 80 on the economic freedom grading scale.[13] Since the Index was created in 1995, Hong Kong has been the top performing economy.[13][14]

In 2011, the United States dropped to 9th place behind such countries as Denmark, Canada, and first-place Hong Kong.[13] The Heritage Foundation has pointed to increases in government spending as the reason for the United States' decline, and according to data from the 2011 index, the growth rates of countries with the highest levels of government spending were 4.5 points lower, on average, than countries where government spending was under control.[15] In their "Executive Highlights" of index results, the Heritage Foundation stated that "high levels of government spending in response to the global economic turmoil have not resulted in higher economic growth".[13]

The results from the 2012 index showed an overall decline in global economic freedom; according to The Heritage Foundation, the average score in its ranking was the second lowest of the last ten years.[16] In particular, the U.S. dropped to 10th place in the ranking, and has now fallen three places since 2008, when it was 7th.[17] A report issued by the Foundation stated that government spending was the cause of the decline, and had "not only failed to arrest the economic crisis, but also—in many countries—seems to be prolonging it".[18] According to the report, activity in the private sector is threatened by the greater government spending, which has increased public debt and led to more bureaucracy.[16]

Countries that shared the same rank received a tie score.

Reception

According to the Freedom House, "there is a high and statistically significant correlation between the level of political freedom as measured by Freedom House and economic freedom as measured by the Wall Street Journal/Heritage Foundation survey."[19] The Millennium Challenge Account, a U.S. government foreign aid program, has used the Trade freedom indicator in determining which countries will receive their performance-based compacts.[20]

Critics such as Jeffrey Sachs have contested the Index's assumption that economic openness necessarily leads to better growth. In his book The End of Poverty, Sachs graphed countries' ratings on the index against GDP per capita growth between 1995 and 2003, claiming to demonstrate no correlation between a country's rating and its rate of economic growth. Sachs pointed out, as examples, that countries with good ratings such as Switzerland and Uruguay had sluggish economic performances, others, like China, with poorer rating had very strong economic growth.[21]

The UAE questioned the rating of their country's economic freedom in 2008, comparing its middling rating with the high rating they had received from other indicators such as Transparency International and Moody's. They also argued that the report is "unreliable", because its methodology had changed twice in the last two years.[22]

Stefan Karlsson of the Ludwig von Mises Institute challenged the usefulness of the index due to the fuzziness of many of the categories used to determine freedom.[23] John Miller roundly criticizes the "Index", writing in Dollars & Sense, "In the hands of the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation, Washington's foremost right-wing think tank, however, an economic freedom index merely measures corporate and entrepreneurial freedom from accountability. Upon examination, the index turns out to be a poor barometer of either freedom more broadly construed or of prosperity."[24] According to Left Business Observer, growth in Index accounts for 10% of the variation in the growth of GDP.[25]

Historical rankings

Historical ranks and scores

Key: ██ Free (80–100)██ Mostly Free (70.0–79.9)██ Moderately Free (60.0–69.9)██ Mostly Unfree (50.0–59.9)██ Repressed (0–49.9)
 2017[26]2016[27]2015[28]2014[29]
Country Rank ScoreChange in Yearly Score from 2016 Rank ScoreChange in Yearly Score from 2015 Rank ScoreChange in Yearly Score from 2014 Rank ScoreChange in Yearly Score from 2013
{{HKG}}189.8{{Increase}} 1.2188.6{{Decrease}} -1.0189.6{{Decrease}} -0.5190.1{{Increase}} 0.8
{{SIN}}288.6{{Increase}} 1.2287.8{{Decrease}} -1.6289.4{{Decrease}} -0.5289.4{{Steady}} 0.0
{{NZL}}383.7{{Increase}} 2.1381.6{{Decrease}} -0.5382.1{{Increase}} 0.9581.2{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{CHE}}481.5{{Increase}} 0.5481{{Increase}} 0.5580.5{{Decrease}} -1.1481.6{{Increase}} 0.6
{{AUS}}581{{Increase}} 0.7580.3{{Decrease}} -1.1481.4{{Decrease}} -0.6382{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{EST}}679.1{{Increase}} 1.9977.2{{Increase}} 0.4876.8{{Increase}} 0.91175.9{{Increase}} 0.6
{{CAN}}778.5{{Increase}} 0.5678{{Decrease}} -1.1679.1{{Decrease}} -1.1680.2{{Increase}} 0.8
{{ARE}}876.9{{Increase}} 4.52572.4{{Increase}} 12871.4{{Increase}} 0.32871.1{{Increase}} 1.8
{{IRL}}976.7{{Decrease}} -0.6877.3{{Increase}} 0.7976.6{{Increase}} 0.4976.2{{Increase}} 0.5
{{CHL}}1076.5{{Decrease}} -1.2777.7{{Decrease}} -0.8778.5{{Decrease}} -0.2778.7{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{TWN}}1176.5{{Increase}} 1.81474.7{{Decrease}} -0.41475.1{{Increase}} 1.21773.9{{Increase}} 1.2
{{GBR}}1276.4{{Steady}} 01076.4{{Increase}} 0.61375.8{{Increase}} 0.91474.9{{Increase}} 0.1
{{GEO}}1376{{Increase}} 3.02273{{Increase}} 0.42272.6{{Increase}} 0.42172.2{{Increase}} 2.8
{{LUX}}1475.9{{Increase}} 2.72173.2{{Decrease}} -11674.2{{Steady}} 01574.2{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{NLD}}1575.8{{Increase}} 2.11773.7{{Decrease}} -0.51574.2{{Increase}} 0.71773.5{{Increase}} 0.2
{{LTU}}1675.8{{Increase}} 0.61375.2{{Increase}} 0.51574.7{{Increase}} 1.72173{{Increase}} 0.9
{{USA}}1775.1{{Decrease}} -0.31175.4{{Decrease}} -0.81276.2{{Increase}} 0.71275.5{{Decrease}} -0.5
{{DNK}}1875.1{{Decrease}} -0.21275.3{{Decrease}} -1.01176.3{{Increase}} 0.21076.1{{Steady}} 0
{{SWE}}1974.9{{Increase}} 2.22372.7{{Decrease}} -0.42073.1{{Increase}} 0.21872.9{{Increase}} 1.2
{{LVA}}2074.8{{Increase}} 5.13769.7{{Increase}} 14268.7{{Increase}} 2.25566.5{{Increase}} 1.3
{{MUS}}2174.7{{Steady}} 01574.7{{Decrease}} -1.71076.4{{Decrease}} -0.1876.5{{Decrease}} -0.4
{{ISL}}2274.4{{Increase}} 2.42672{{Decrease}} -0.42372.4{{Increase}} 0.32372.1{{Increase}} 1.2
{{KOR}}2374.3{{Increase}} 2.82971.5{{Increase}} 0.33171.2{{Increase}} 0.93470.3{{Increase}} 0.4
{{FIN}}2474.0{{Increase}} 0.61973.4{{Steady}} 01973.4{{Decrease}} -0.61674{{Increase}} 1.7
{{NOR}}2574{{Increase}} 2.22771.8{{Increase}} 0.93270.9{{Increase}} 0.43170.5{{Increase}} 1.7
{{DEU}}2673.8{{Steady}} 01673.8{{Increase}} 0.41873.4{{Increase}} 0.61972.8{{Increase}} 1.8
{{MYS}}2773.8{{Increase}} 33170.8{{Increase}} 1.23769.6{{Increase}} 3.55666.1{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{CZE}}2873.3{{Increase}} 0.82472.5{{Increase}} 0.32672.2{{Increase}} 1.32970.9{{Increase}} 1
{{QAT}}2973.1{{Increase}} 2.33270.8{{Decrease}} -0.43071.2{{Decrease}} -0.12771.3{{Steady}} 0
{{AUT}}3072.3{{Increase}} 1.13071.2{{Decrease}} -1.22472.4{{Increase}} 0.62571.8{{Increase}} 1.5
{{MKD}}3170.7{{Increase}} 3.65367.1{{Decrease}} -1.54368.6{{Increase}} 0.44368.2{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{MAC}}3270.7{{Increase}} 0.43470.3{{Decrease}} -12971.3{{Decrease}} -0.42671.7{{Decrease}} -0.1
{{ARM}}3370.3{{Increase}} 3.25267.1{{Decrease}} -1.84168.9{{Decrease}} -0.53869.4{{Increase}} 0.6
{{BWA}}3471.1{{Decrease}} -2.23669.8{{Decrease}} -2.22772{{Increase}} 1.43070.6{{Increase}} 1
{{BRN}}3569.8{{Increase}} 0.93968.9{{Decrease}} -0.14069-
{{ISR}}3669.7{{Decrease}} -0.83370.5{{Increase}} 2.14468.4{{Increase}} 1.55166.9{{Decrease}} -0.9
{{COL}}3769.7{{Decrease}} -22871.7{{Increase}} 13470.7{{Increase}} 1.13769.6{{Increase}} 1.6
{{URY}}3869.7{{Increase}} 1.14368.6{{Decrease}} -0.73869.3{{Decrease}} -0.43669.7{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{ROU}}3969.7{{Increase}} 3.15766.6{{Increase}} 1.16265.5{{Increase}} 0.45965.1{{Increase}} 0.7
{{JPN}}4069.6{{Decrease}} -3.72073.3{{Increase}} 0.92572.4{{Increase}} 0.62471.8{{Increase}} 0.2
{{JAM}}4169.5{{Increase}} 1.84867.7{{Increase}} 15666.7{{Decrease}} -0.15266.8{{Increase}} 1.7
{{KAZ}}4269{{Increase}} 5.76963.3{{Decrease}} -0.46763.7{{Increase}} 0.76863{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{PER}}4368.9{{Increase}} 1.24767.7{{Increase}} 0.34767.4{{Decrease}} -0.84468.2{{Decrease}} -0.5
{{BHR}}4468.5{{Decrease}} -4.91873.4{{Decrease}} -1.71375.1{{Decrease}} -0.41275.5{{Increase}} 0.3
{{POL}}4568.3{{Decrease}} -0.34268.6{{Increase}} 1.65067{{Increase}} 15766{{Increase}} 1.8
{{KOS}}4667.9
{{BGR}}4767.9{{Increase}} 1.15566.8{{Increase}} 1.16165.7{{Increase}} 0.76065{{Increase}} 0.3
{{CYP}}4867.9{{Steady}} 04567.9{{Increase}} 0.34667.6{{Decrease}} -1.44169{{Decrease}} -2.8
{{BEL}}4967.8{{Decrease}} -14068.8{{Decrease}} -1.13569.9{{Increase}} 0.74069.2{{Increase}} 0.2
{{MLT}}5067.7{{Increase}} 1.25866.5{{Increase}} 0.15866.4{{Decrease}} -1.14767.5{{Increase}} 0.5
{{RWA}}5167.6{{Increase}} 2.86564.8{{Increase}} 0.16564.7{{Increase}} 0.66364.1{{Decrease}} -0.8
{{VUT}}5267.4{{Increase}} 6.38461.1{{Increase}} 1.69359.5{{Increase}} 2.910956.6{{Steady}} 0
{{JOR}}5366.7{{Decrease}} -2.63869.3{{Increase}} 0.13969.2{{Decrease}} -1.23370.4{{Increase}} 0.5
{{PAN}}5466.3{{Increase}} 2.26864.1{{Increase}} 0.77163.4{{Increase}} 0.97162.5{{Decrease}} -2.7
{{THA}}5566.2{{Increase}} 3.87562.4{{Decrease}} -0.97263.3{{Decrease}} -0.86164.1{{Decrease}} -0.8
{{HUN}}5665.8{{Decrease}} -1.05466.8{{Decrease}} -0.25167{{Decrease}} -0.34867.3{{Increase}} 0.2
{{SVK}}5765.7{{Decrease}} -1.55067.2{{Increase}} 0.85766.4{{Decrease}} -2.34268.7{{Increase}} 1.7
{{PHL}}5865.6{{Increase}} 3.47662.2{{Increase}} 2.18960.1{{Increase}} 1.99758.2{{Increase}} 1.1
{{VCT}}5965.2{{Decrease}} -2.84468{{Increase}} 15267{{Increase}} 0.35466.7{{Increase}} 0.2
{{TUR}}6065.2{{Increase}} 27063.2{{Decrease}} -1.76464.9{{Increase}} 26962.9{{Increase}} 0.4
{{KWT}}6165.1{{Increase}} 2.67462.5{{Increase}} 0.27662.3{{Decrease}} -0.86663.1{{Increase}} 0.6
{{LCA}}6265{{Decrease}} -5.23570.2{{Decrease}} -0.53370.7{{Increase}} 0.33270.4{{Decrease}} -0.9
{{CRI}}6365{{Decrease}} -2.25167.2{{Increase}} 0.35366.9{{Decrease}} -0.14967{{Decrease}} -1
{{SAU}}6464.4{{Increase}} 2.37762.1{{Decrease}} -0.17762.2{{Increase}} 1.68260.6{{Decrease}} -1.9
{{ALB}}6564.4{{Decrease}} -1.36365.7{{Decrease}} -1.25466.9{{Increase}} 1.75865.2{{Increase}} 0.1
{{SLV}}6664.1{{Decrease}} -1.66265.7{{Decrease}} -0.55966.2{{Decrease}} -0.55366.7{{Decrease}} -2
{{DMA}}6763.7{{Decrease}} -2.46166.1{{Increase}} 0.96365.2{{Increase}} 1.36463.9{{Increase}} 2.3
{{AZE}}6863.6{{Increase}} 2.68561{{Decrease}} -0.38161.3{{Increase}} 1.68859.7{{Increase}} 0.8
{{ESP}}6963.6{{Decrease}} -4.04967.6{{Increase}} 0.44967.2{{Decrease}} -0.84668{{Decrease}} -1.1
{{MEX}}7063.6{{Decrease}} -2.85966.4{{Decrease}} -0.45566.8{{Decrease}} -0.25067{{Increase}} 1.7
{{FJI}}7163.4{{Increase}} 4.49859{{Increase}} 0.39958.7{{Increase}} 1.510557.2{{Decrease}} -0.1
{{FRA}}7263.3{{Increase}} 0.87362.5{{Decrease}} -17063.5{{Decrease}} -0.66264.1{{Increase}} 0.9
{{TON}}7363{{Increase}} 3.79559.3{{Increase}} 1.110458.2{{Increase}} 2.211256{{Decrease}} -1
{{GTM}}7463{{Increase}} 2.68760.4{{Decrease}} -0.88361.2{{Increase}} 1.28560{{Decrease}} -0.9
{{CIV}}7563.0{{Increase}} 4.510358.5{{Increase}} 0.810757.7{{Increase}} 3.612654.1{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{DOM}}7662.9{{Increase}} 1.98661{{Decrease}} -0.38061.3{{Increase}} 1.68759.7{{Decrease}} -0.5
{{PRT}}7762.6{{Decrease}} -2.76465.3{{Increase}} 1.86963.5{{Increase}} 0.46763.1{{Increase}} 0.1
{{NAM}}7862.5{{Increase}} 2.99359.6{{Increase}} 0.29459.4{{Decrease}} -0.98460.3{{Decrease}} -1.6
{{ITA}}7962.5{{Increase}} 0.88061.7{{Increase}} 0.88660.9{{Increase}} 0.38360.6{{Increase}} 1.8
{{PRY}}8062.4{{Increase}} 1.38361.1{{Decrease}} -0.97862{{Increase}} 0.98061.1{{Decrease}} -0.7
{{ZAF}}8162.3{{Decrease}} -0.37262.6{{Increase}} 0.17562.5{{Increase}} 0.77461.8{{Decrease}} -0.9
{{OMN}}8262.1{{Decrease}} -4.65666.7{{Decrease}} -0.74867.4{{Decrease}} -0.74568.1{{Increase}} 0.2
{{MNE}}8362{{Decrease}} -2.76664.7{{Increase}} 1.16863.6{{Increase}} 17062.6{{Increase}} 0.1
{{IDN}}8461.9{{Increase}} 3.810558.1{{Decrease}} -0.410058.5{{Increase}} 1.610856.9{{Increase}} 0.5
{{SYC}}8561.8{{Increase}} 4.311457.5{{Increase}} 1.311756.2{{Increase}} 1.312454.9{{Increase}} 1.9
{{MAR}}8661.5{{Increase}} 1.48960.1{{Increase}} 1.810358.3{{Decrease}} -1.39059.6{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{TTO}}8761.2{{Decrease}} -2.96764.1{{Increase}} 1.47362.7{{Increase}} 0.47262.3{{Decrease}} -2.1
{{SWZ}}8861.1{{Increase}} 1.29159.9{{Decrease}} -1.38261.2{{Increase}} 410457.2{{Steady}} 0
{{KGZ}}8961.1{{Decrease}} -0.28261.3{{Increase}} 0.28561.1{{Increase}} 1.58959.6{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{BHS}}9061.1{{Decrease}} -7.64168.7{{Decrease}} -1.13669.8{{Decrease}} -0.33570.1{{Increase}} 2.1
{{UGA}}9160.9{{Increase}} 1.29259.7{{Decrease}} -0.29159.9{{Decrease}} -1.27961.1{{Decrease}} -0.8
{{BIH}}9260.2{{Increase}} 1.29759{{Increase}} 0.610158.4{{Increase}} 1.110357.3{{Steady}} 0
{{BFA}}9359.6{{Increase}} 110258.6{{Decrease}} -0.39858.9{{Decrease}} -18659.9{{Decrease}} -0.7
{{KHM}}9459.5{{Increase}} 211057.5{{Increase}} 0.110857.4{{Decrease}} -1.19558.5{{Increase}} 0.9
{{HRV}}9559.4{{Decrease}} -2.18161.5{{Increase}} 1.18760.4{{Decrease}} -0.97861.3{{Increase}} 0.4
{{BEN}}9659.2{{Increase}} 0.49958.8{{Increase}} 1.711357.1{{Decrease}} -0.510157.6{{Increase}} 1.9
{{SVN}}9759.2{{Decrease}} -1.18860.3{{Decrease}} -2.47462.7{{Increase}} 17661.7{{Decrease}} -1.2
{{NIC}}9859.2{{Increase}} 1.610857.6{{Decrease}} -0.810258.4{{Increase}} 1.811056.6{{Decrease}} -1.3
{{SRB}}9958.9{{Decrease}} -1.19060{{Increase}} 0.69559.4{{Increase}} 0.89458.6{{Increase}} 0.6
{{HND}}10058.8{{Increase}} 1.411657.4{{Increase}} 0.311257.1{{Decrease}} -1.39658.4{{Decrease}} -0.4
{{BLZ}}10158.6{{Increase}} 1.811756.8{{Increase}} 0.111556.7{{Decrease}} -0.610257.3{{Decrease}} -4.6
{{MLI}}10258.6{{Increase}} 2.211956.4{{Increase}} 0.912255.5{{Decrease}} -0.911156.4{{Increase}} 0.6
{{GAB}}10358.6{{Increase}} 0.310458.3{{Increase}} 0.510557.8{{Steady}} 09957.8{{Increase}} 1.4
{{BLR}}10458.6{{Increase}} 8.815349.8{{Decrease}} -0.315050.1{{Increase}} 2.115448{{Decrease}} -1
{{TZA}}10558.6{{Increase}} 1.110957.5{{Decrease}} -0.310657.8{{Decrease}} -0.19857.9{{Increase}} 0.9
{{GUY}}10658.5{{Increase}} 312355.5{{Decrease}} -0.212155.7{{Increase}} 1.912953.8{{Increase}} 2.5
{{BTN}}10758.4{{Increase}} 111557.4{{Increase}} 0.711656.7{{Increase}} 1.712255{{Decrease}} -1.6
{{WSM}}10858.4{{Decrease}} -3.57861.9{{Increase}} 0.88461.1{{Increase}} 410657.1{{Decrease}} -3.4
{{TJK}}10958.2{{Increase}} 5.514052.7{{Increase}} 0.713952{{Decrease}} -1.413153.4{{Steady}} 0
{{MDA}}11058{{Increase}} 0.511157.5{{Increase}} 0.211057.3{{Increase}} 1.811555.5{{Increase}} 1.1
{{CHN}}11157.4{{Increase}} 4.713952.7{{Increase}} 0.213752.5{{Increase}} 0.613651.9{{Increase}} 0.7
{{LKA}}11257.4{{Decrease}} -1.210158.6{{Decrease}} -1.49060{{Decrease}} -0.78160.7{{Increase}} 2.4
{{MDG}}11357.4{{Decrease}} -4.37961.7{{Steady}} 07961.7{{Decrease}} -0.37362{{Decrease}} -0.4
{{RUS}}11457.1{{Increase}} 514352.1{{Increase}} 0.214051.9{{Increase}} 0.813951.1{{Increase}} 0.6
{{NGA}}11557.1{{Increase}} 1.512055.6{{Increase}} 1.312954.3{{Decrease}} -0.812055.1{{Decrease}} -1.2
{{CPV}}11656.9{{Decrease}} -9.56066.4{{Increase}} 0.36066.1{{Increase}} 2.46563.7{{Increase}} 0.2
{{COD}}11756.4{{Increase}} 13.717042.7{{Decrease}} -116943.7{{Increase}} 0.216743.5{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{GHA}}11856.2{{Decrease}} -6.87163{{Decrease}} -1.26664.2{{Increase}} 2.97761.3{{Increase}} 0.6
{{GNB}}11956.1{{Increase}} 4.114552{{Increase}} 0.714351.3{{Increase}} 0.213851.1{{Increase}} 1
{{SEN}}12055.9{{Decrease}} -1.910657.8{{Increase}} 2.412555.4{{Decrease}} -0.111655.5{{Increase}} 0.1
{{COM}}12155.8{{Increase}} 3.714252.1{{Increase}} 0.714251.4{{Increase}} 3.915747.5{{Increase}} 1.8
{{ZMB}}12255.8{{Decrease}} -2.910058.7{{Decrease}} -1.78860.4{{Increase}} 1.79358.7{{Increase}} 0.4
{{TUN}}12355.7{{Decrease}} -2.010757.7{{Increase}} 0.410957.3{{Increase}} 0.310757{{Decrease}} -1.6
{{STP}}12455.4{{Increase}} 2.113653.3{{Increase}} 4.515748.8{{Increase}} 0.815348{{Decrease}} -2.2
{{NPL}}12555.1{{Increase}} 3.815251.3{{Increase}} 1.214950.1{{Decrease}} -0.314150.4{{Increase}} 0.2
{{SLB}}12655{{Increase}} 815947{{Increase}} 0.816546.2{{Increase}} 1.216545{{Decrease}} -1.2
{{GRC}}12755{{Increase}} 113054{{Decrease}} -1.711955.7{{Increase}} 0.311755.4{{Steady}} 0
{{BGD}}12855{{Increase}} 1.113153.9{{Decrease}} -0.213154.1{{Increase}} 1.513252.6{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{MNG}}12954.8{{Decrease}} -4.49659.2{{Increase}} 0.39758.9{{Decrease}} -2.87561.7{{Increase}} 0.2
{{BRB}}13054.5{{Decrease}} -13.44667.9{{Decrease}} -0.44568.3{{Decrease}} -13969.3{{Increase}} 0.3
{{MRT}}13154.4{{Increase}} 1.113553.3{{Increase}} 0.113453.2{{Increase}} 0.913452.3{{Decrease}} -0.7
{{FSM}}13254.1{{Increase}} 4.515449.6{{Decrease}} -0.215349.8{{Decrease}} -0.314350.1{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{LAO}}13354{{Increase}} 2.615051.4{{Increase}} 0.214451.2{{Increase}} 1.114450.1{{Increase}} 0.1
{{LSO}}13453.9{{Increase}} 4.315549.6{{Increase}} 0.115449.5{{Increase}} 2.415547.9{{Increase}} 1.3
{{KEN}}13553.5{{Decrease}} -2.112255.6{{Decrease}} -1.511157.1{{Increase}} 1.211455.9{{Decrease}} -1.6
{{GMB}}13653.4{{Decrease}} -4.111357.5{{Decrease}} -29259.5{{Increase}} 0.79258.8{{Steady}} 0
{{LBN}}13753.3{{Decrease}} -6.09459.3{{Decrease}} -0.19659.4{{Decrease}} -0.19159.5{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{TGO}}13853.2{{Increase}} 0.213853{{Increase}} 3.115249.9{{Increase}} 1.115048.8{{Increase}} 0.5
{{BDI}}13953.2{{Decrease}} -0.513253.7{{Increase}} 2.314151.4{{Increase}} 2.414849{{Increase}} 0.9
{{BRA}}14052.9{{Decrease}} -3.711856.6{{Decrease}} -0.311456.9{{Decrease}} -0.810057.7{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{PAK}}14152.8{{Decrease}} -2.812155.6{{Increase}} 0.412655.2{{Increase}} 0.112155.1{{Increase}} 0.4
{{ETH}}14252.7{{Increase}} 1.214951.5{{Increase}} 1.515150{{Increase}} 0.614649.4{{Decrease}} -2.6
{{IND}}14352.6{{Decrease}} -212854.6{{Decrease}} -1.112055.7{{Increase}} 0.511955.2{{Increase}} 0.6
{{EGY}}14452.6{{Decrease}} -2.612455.2{{Increase}} 2.313552.9{{Decrease}} -1.912554.8{{Decrease}} -3.1
{{SLE}}14552.6{{Increase}} 0.914751.7{{Increase}} 1.214850.5{{Increase}} 2.215148.3{{Decrease}} -0.8
{{MMR}}14652.5{{Increase}} 5.616146.9{{Increase}} 0.416246.5{{Increase}} 7.317239.2{{Increase}} 0.5
{{VNM}}14752.4{{Increase}} 0.714851.7{{Increase}} 0.914750.8{{Decrease}} -0.214051{{Decrease}} -0.3
{{UZB}}14852.3{{Increase}} 5.316047{{Increase}} 0.516346.5{{Increase}} 0.516246{{Increase}} 0.2
{{MWI}}14952.9{{Decrease}} -1.912654.8{{Decrease}} -0.612455.4{{Increase}} 0.111855.3{{Decrease}} -1.1
{{CMR}}15051.8{{Decrease}} -0.114651.9{{Decrease}} -0.713652.6{{Increase}} 0.313352.3{{Increase}} 0.5
{{CAF}}15151.8{{Increase}} 5.916645.9{{Decrease}} -0.816146.7{{Decrease}} -3.714250.4{{Increase}} 0.1
{{PNG}}15250.9{{Decrease}} -2.213753.1{{Decrease}} -0.813253.9{{Increase}} 0.313053.6{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{KIR}}15350.9{{Increase}} 4.516446.4{{Increase}} 0.116446.3{{Increase}} 0.416345.9{{Decrease}} -1
{{NER}}15450.8{{Decrease}} -3.812754.6{{Decrease}} -0.512755.1{{Increase}} 1.212853.9{{Decrease}} -0.4
{{IRN}}15550.5{{Increase}} 8.717141.8{{Increase}} 1.517340.3{{Decrease}} -2.916843.2{{Increase}} 0.9
{{ARG}}15650.4{{Increase}} 6.316944.1{{Decrease}} -0.516644.6{{Decrease}} -2.116046.7{{Decrease}} -1.3
{{MDV}}15750.3{{Decrease}} -3.113453.4{{Increase}} 2.414551{{Increase}} 214949{{Decrease}} -0.2
{{MOZ}}15849.9{{Decrease}} -4.912554.8{{Decrease}} -0.212855{{Steady}} 012355{{Decrease}} -2.1
{{HTI}}15949.6{{Decrease}} -1.715151.3{{Increase}} 2.415648.9{{Increase}} 0.815248.1{{Decrease}} -2.6
{{ECU}}16049.3{{Increase}} 0.115649.2{{Increase}} 1.215948{{Increase}} 1.115946.9{{Decrease}} -1.4
{{LBR}}16149.1{{Decrease}} -3.614152.7{{Increase}} 0.313852.4{{Increase}} 3.114749.3{{Increase}} 0.7
{{TCD}}16249{{Increase}} 3.116545.9{{Increase}} 1.416744.5{{Decrease}} -0.716445.2{{Increase}} 0.4
{{AFG}}16348.9
{{AGO}}16548.5{{Increase}} 0.615847.9{{Increase}} 0.216047.7{{Increase}} 0.415847.3{{Increase}} 0.6
{{UKR}}16648.1{{Increase}} 1.216246.9{{Decrease}} -2.415549.3{{Increase}} 316146.3{{Increase}} 0.2
{{SUR}}16748{{Decrease}} -6.212954.2{{Steady}} 013054.2{{Increase}} 2.213552{{Decrease}} -0.6
{{BOL}}16847.7{{Increase}} 0.916346.8{{Decrease}} -1.615848.4{{Increase}} 0.515647.9{{Decrease}} -2.3
{{GIN}}16947.6{{Decrease}} -4.514452.1{{Decrease}} -1.413353.5{{Increase}} 2.313751.2{{Increase}} 0.4
{{TKM}}17047.4{{Increase}} 617241.4{{Decrease}} -0.817142.2{{Decrease}} -0.416942.6{{Decrease}} -1.2
{{DJI}}17146.7{{Decrease}} -10.811257.5{{Increase}} 1.611855.9{{Increase}} 212753.9{{Steady}} 0
{{DZA}}17246.5{{Decrease}} -2.415748.9{{Decrease}} -1.914650.8{{Increase}} 1.214549.6{{Decrease}} -1.4
{{TLS}}17346.3{{Increase}} 0.816745.5{{Increase}} 2.317043.2{{Decrease}} -0.516643.7{{Increase}} 0.4
{{GNQ}}17445{{Increase}} 4.617340.4{{Decrease}} -416844.4{{Increase}} 2.117042.3{{Decrease}} -0.5
{{ZWE}}17544{{Increase}} 6.417537.6{{Increase}} 2.117635.5{{Increase}} 6.917528.6{{Increase}} 2.3
{{ERI}}17642.2{{Increase}} 3.317438.9{{Increase}} 0.417438.5{{Increase}} 2.217336.3{{Increase}} 0.1
{{COG}}17740{{Decrease}} -516845{{Increase}} 4.417240.6{{Increase}} 117139.6{{Decrease}} -1.5
{{CUB}}17833.9{{Increase}} 4.317729.6{{Increase}} 0.917728.7{{Increase}} 0.217628.5{{Increase}} 0.2
{{VEN}}17927{{Decrease}} -7.317634.3{{Decrease}} -217536.3{{Increase}} 0.217436.1{{Decrease}} -2
{{PRK}}1804.9{{Increase}} 3.61781.3{{Increase}} 0.31781{{Decrease}} -0.51771.5{{Increase}} 0.5
{{YEM}}13353.7{{Decrease}} -1.812355.5{{Decrease}} -0.411355.9{{Increase}} 0.6

Method (old)

The Index's 2008 definition of economic freedom is "the highest form of economic freedom provides an absolute right of property ownership, fully realized freedoms of movement for labor, capital, and goods, and an absolute absence of coercion or constraint of economic liberty beyond the extent necessary for citizens to protect and maintain liberty itself."[30]

The index scores nations on ten factors of economic freedom, separated into four categories, using statistics from organizations like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, Economist Intelligence Unit and Transparency International. In each factor, countries are scored 0 to 100, with 0 being the least free and 100 the most free. A score of 100 signifies an economic environment or set of policies that is most conducive to economic freedom.[30] The methodology has shifted and changed as new data and measurements have become available, especially in the area of Labor Freedom, which was given its own indicator spot in 2007.[2] The following list explains what each factor currently assesses and groups them according to their respective category:

Rule of Law
  • Property Rights: Degree of a country's legal protection of private property rights, degree of enforcement of those laws, independence of and corruption within the judiciary, and likelihood of expropriation.
  • Freedom from Corruption: The non-prevalence of political corruption within a country, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index.
Limited Government
  • Fiscal Freedom: How free is a country from tax burden. It comprises three quantitative measures: top marginal tax rate of both individual (1) and corporate (2) income, and total tax burden as a percentage of GDP (3).
  • Government Size/Spending: Governments' expenditures as a percentage of GDP, including consumption and transfers. The higher the percentual spending, the lower the score.
Regulatory Efficiency
  • Business Freedom: A country's freedom from the burden of regulations on starting, operating, and closing business, given factors such as time, cost and number of procedures, as well as the efficiency of government in the regulatory process.
  • Labor Freedom: How free is a country from legal regulation on the labor market, including those relating to minimum wages, hiring and firing, hours of work and severance requirements.
  • Monetary Freedom: How free from microeconomic intervention and price instability is a country, basing on an equation considering the weighted average inflation rate in the last three years and price controls.
Open Markets
  • Trade Freedom: Freedom from sizeable numbers and burdens of tariffs and non-tariff barriers to imports and exports of a country.
  • Investment Freedom: Freedom from restrictions on the movement and use of investment capital, regardless of activity, within and across the country's borders.
  • Financial Freedom: A country's independence from government control and interference in the financial sector, including banks. It considers government ownership of financial firms, extent of financial and capital market development, government influence on the allocation of credit and openness to foreign competition.

Historical positions (1995–2008)

Country/Region20082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995
Hong Kong}}[31]11111111111111
Ireland}}33344443101111132720
Australia}}44798101185579108
United States}}56557786878854
New Zealand}}6543333433333
Canada}}710101212131421202527262018
Chile}}888811129121212971314
Switzerland}}99965661064444
United Kingdom}}107679977465573
Denmark}}11121313172023333332343031
Estonia}}12111514108109241315243826
Netherlands}}13151618141414162157242023
Iceland}}141311101916191515191819
Luxembourg}}151412116555715131215
Finland}}16161721161516275054553947
Japan}}171818365034392319272121146
Mauritius}}18323535515233453620
Bahrain}}19242322131112111186665
Belgium}}20172430303334575560484436
Barbados}}21272024282317202737334653
Cyprus}}22202120151920223533292730
Germany}}2322252827262529434052292517
The Bahamas}}2419191520171514161010101111
Taiwan}}25252919262122181718202297
Lithuania}}262122231827435367677478104
Sweden}}2733272724242443475153535541
Armenia}}28301425233732466296117123125
Trinidad and Tobago}}29232617212926191316171624
Austria}}3026303432353637315343402616
Spain}}3128323129282936414562686534
Georgia}}32315493788410487107114122125123
El Salvador}}33292816222221179922182119
Norway}}34373445423937412229314139
Slovakia}}353633424877768510810585857546
Botswana}}3635312625304242425960725657
Czech Republic}}3739404735364026302328542923
Latvia}}38383739334452445750565786
Kuwait}}39414148554346352524384235
Uruguay}}4034433337253024283026314637
1. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/index2008_execsum.pdf |title = Executive Summary |publisher = Index of Economic Freedom |date = 15 January 2008 |accessdate = 4 February 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227044144/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/index2008_execsum.pdf |archivedate = 27 February 2008 |df = dmy-all }}
2. ^1 {{cite news |author = William Beach, Time Kane |url = http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/Index2008_Chap4.pdf |title = Methodology; Measuring the 10 Economic Freedoms |publisher = Index of Economic Freedom |date = 15 January 2008 |accessdate = 4 February 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227044142/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/Index2008_Chap4.pdf |archivedate = 27 February 2008 |df = dmy-all }}
3. ^[https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking Heritage - Country Rankings]
4. ^Economic Freedom Index - Downloads
5. ^[https://www.heritage.org/index/book/methodology Methodology | 2018 Index of Economic Freedom Book]
6. ^{{cite news | author= Mary Anastasia O'Grady|author-link=Mary O'Grady |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120036519907490279?mod=Letters | title = The Real Key to Development| work = Wall Street Journal |date= 15 January 2008 | accessdate=4 February 2008 }}
7. ^{{cite news | author= Carl J. Schramm | url= http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/index2008_chap1.pdf | title= Chapter 1 Economic Fluidity: A Crucial Dimension of Economic Freedom | work= The Heritage Foundation | date= 15 January 2008 | accessdate= 4 February 2008 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080227044140/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/chapters/pdf/index2008_chap1.pdf | archivedate= 27 February 2008 | df= dmy-all }}
8. ^"In Pursuit of Happiness Research: Is It Reliable? What Does It Imply for Policy?", Will Wilkinson, The Cato institute, Policy Analysis No. 590, 11 April 2007
9. ^{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.054 | volume=35 | issue=2 | title=Economic policy and the level of self-perceived well-being: An international comparison | year=2006 | journal=The Journal of Socio-Economics | pages=308–325 | author=Ovaska Tomi, Takashima Ryo}}
10. ^More Freedom = More Happiness {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029220045/http://164.77.202.58/LYD/Controls/Neochannels/Neo_CH3996/deploy/TP-750-More%20freedom%20More%20happiness-23-01-2006.pdf |date=29 October 2008 }}, Public Issues, Libertad Desarrollo, No. 750, 23 January 2006, {{ISSN|0717-1528}}
11. ^"Chapter2: Economic Freedom and Peace" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016060114/http://www.cato.org/pubs/efw/efw2005/efw2005-2.pdf |date=16 October 2008 }}, Erik Gartzke, in Economic Freedom of the World: 2005 Annual Report, James Gwartney and Robert Lawson, Fraser Institute, 30 August 2005
12. ^{{cite news | author= Barry Wood |url = http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/DC1147215012008-1.htm | title = Economic Freedom Holding Steady, 14th Index of Economic Freedom Shows |publisher = PR Newswire |date= 15 January 2008 | accessdate = 4 February 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080118184739/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/DC1147215012008-1.htm |archivedate = 18 January 2008}}
13. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2011/Index2011_ExecutiveHighlights.pdf |title=Executive Highlights |authorlink= |year=2011 |work=The Heritage Foundation |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |accessdate=20 February 2011}}
14. ^{{cite news|author=Ed Feulner |url=http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080122/OPINION/801220318/-1/LOCAL17 |title=Football and economic freedom |work=IndyStar |date=22 January 2008 |accessdate=4 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319203320/http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080122%2FOPINION%2F801220318%2F-1%2FLOCAL17 |archivedate=19 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/Index/pdf/2011/Index2011_Chapter1.pdf |title=The Limits of Government |first=Terry |last=Miller |year=2011 |work=Heritage.org |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |page=13 |accessdate=20 February 2011}}
16. ^1 {{cite news |title=Global economic freedom dipped last year, annual survey says; Hong Kong remains world’s freest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/global-economic-freedom-dipped-last-year-annual-survey-says-hong-kong-remains-worlds-freest/2012/01/12/gIQADkyisP_story.html |work=Washington Post |agency=Associated Press |date=12 January 2012 |accessdate=24 January 2012}}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Still in top 10, but falling fast |author=Edwin Feulner |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jan/17/still-in-top-10-but-falling-fast/?page=1 |work=The Washington Times |date=17 January 2012 |accessdate=24 January 2012}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=A Step Backward for Economic Freedom in 2012 |author=Edwin J. Feulner |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204257504577151241847335540?mod=googlenews_wsj |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 January 2012 |accessdate=24 January 2012}}
19. ^Adrian Karatnycky. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Transaction Publishers. 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-7658-0101-2}}. p. 11
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.mcc.gov/documents/mcc-report-fy08-criteria%20and%20methodology.pdf |title=Report on the Criteria and Methodology for Determining the Eligibility of Candidate Countries for Millennium Challenge Account Assistance during Fiscal Year 2008 |work=Millennium Challenge Corporation |date=1 September 2007 |accessdate=4 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227044142/http://www.mcc.gov/documents/mcc-report-fy08-criteria%20and%20methodology.pdf |archivedate=27 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}
21. ^The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for our Time, Jeffrey Sachs, Penguin Books, 2005, {{ISBN|1-59420-045-9}}, pp. 320–321.
22. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.bi-me.com/main.php?id=16985&t=1&c=33&cg=4 | title = UAE challenges its economic freedom ranking in paper by Heritage Foundation| work = Business Intelligence Middle East|date= 31 January 2008 | accessdate =31 January 2008 }}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://mises.org/library/failings-economic-freedom-index |title=The Failings of the Economic Freedom Index |author=Stefan Karlsson |work=Mises Daily |publisher=Ludwig von Mises Institute |date=21 January 2005 |accessdate=18 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6WKdqPiFe?url=http://mises.org/library/failings-economic-freedom-index |archivedate=14 February 2015 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}
24. ^"Free, Free at Last", John Miller, Dollars and Sense, No. 258, March/April 2005
25. ^"Laissez-faire Olympics, an LBO special report", Left Business Observer, 26 March 2005
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/excel/2017/index2017_data.xls |title=2017 IEF (XLS) table download |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |accessdate=2017-02-01}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/excel/2016/index2016_data.xls |title=2016 IEF (XLS) table download |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |accessdate=2016-02-02}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/excel/2015/index2015_data.xls |title=2015 IEF (XLS) table download |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |accessdate=2015-02-02}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/excel/2014/index2014_data.xls |title=2014 IEF (XLS) table download |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |accessdate=2014-02-02}}
30. ^1 {{cite news |url = http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/faq.cfm |title = Frequently Asked Questions |publisher = Index of Economic Freedom |date = 15 January 2008 |accessdate = 4 February 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080123195720/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/faq.cfm |archivedate = 23 January 2008 |df = dmy-all }}
31. ^Special administrative region (SAR) of China since 1997

See also

  • List of countries by economic freedom
  • List of freedom indices
  • Gross National Happiness – GNH (Bhutan)
  • Happiness economics
  • Corruption Perceptions Index
  • Ease of doing business index

References

{{Reflist |30em}}

External links

{{Commonscat}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking/}}
  • Index of Economic Freedom in the 50 States from the Mercatus Center
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140525213828/http://www.nonaa.org/websites/data_indexes.htm List of Global Development Indexes and Rankings]
{{Politics country lists}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Index Of Economic Freedom}}

4 : Economic indicators|The Heritage Foundation|International rankings|Comparative economic systems
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/27 21:25:38