| 词条 | Istanbul University |
| 释义 |
|name = Istanbul University |native_name = İstanbul Üniversitesi |image = Istanbul_University_logo.svg |image_size = 200px |latin_name = Universitas Istanbulensis |motto = "Leadership in Higher Education for Centuries" |established = 1453/1846/1933 |type = Public University |rector = Prof. Dr. Mahmut Ak |undergrad = 86,092 |postgrad = 12,000 |staff = 6,000 |city = Istanbul |country = Turkey |campus = Beyazıt Campus Vezneciler Campus Avcılar Campus Bahçeköy Campus Çapa Campus Cerrahpaşa Campus Kadıköy Campus |coor ={{coord|41|00|46.93|N|28|57|49.95|E|region:TR_type:edu|display=inline,title}} |colors = {{color box|Green}} Green{{color box|Yellow}} Yellow |affiliations = Coimbra Group EUA UNIMED |website = istanbul.edu.tr |free_label = Founder |free = Mehmed II (1453) Abdülmecid I (1846) Abdülaziz I (1870) Abdülhamid II (1900) Mehmed V (1912) M. K. Atatürk (1933) }} Istanbul University ({{lang-tr|İstanbul Üniversitesi}}) is a prominent Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city. HistoryIt was founded as an institution of higher education named the Darülfünûn (دار الفنون) (House of Multiple Sciences) on 23 July 1846; but the Medrese (Islamic theological school) which was founded immediately after Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 is regarded as the precursor to the Darülfünûn which evolved into Istanbul University in 1933.[1] Education in a number of sciences and fields (such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, history, philosophy, religion, literature, philology, law, etc.) became available, and, until the 19th century, they were instrumental in educating the ruling cadres of the Ottoman society. However, when the medreses were no longer able to meet the needs of the modern world, a restructuring process began, and as a result, the institutions of higher education called Darülfünûn, the core of Istanbul University, was established. An institution of higher education named the Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (دار الفنون عثماني) (Ottoman House of Sciences) was created in 1863, but suppressed in 1871.[1] Its first rector was Hasan Tahsini, regarded as one of the most important Ottoman scholars of the 19th century. In 1874 the Imperial University (Darülfünûn-u Sultanî) (دار الفنون سلطاني) started classes in law in French, but was closed in 1881.[1] The Imperial University, now known as Darülfünûn-u Şahâne (دار الفنون شهانه) was refounded in 1900, with the departments of theology, arts, mathematics, science and philology.[1] In 1924, the faculties of law, medicine, arts and sciences were established in Istanbul University (İstanbul Darülfünûnu), as the university was now called.[1] Islamic theology was added in 1925, but in 1933 the university was reorganized without the latter.[1] The first modern Applied Physics courses were given at the Darülfünûn on 31 December 1863, which marked the beginning of a new period, and on 20 February 1870, the school was renamed as the Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (Ottoman House of Multiple Sciences) and reorganized to meet the needs of modern sciences and technologies. Starting from 1874, some classes of Literature, Law and Applied Sciences were given at the building of Galatasaray High School, which continued regularly until 1881. On 1 September 1900, the school was renamed and reorganized as the Darülfünûn-u Şahâne (Imperial House of Multiple Sciences) with courses on Mathematics, Literature and Theology. On 20 April 1912, the school was renamed as the İstanbul Darülfünûnu (Istanbul House of Multiple Sciences) while the number of courses were increased and the curricula were modernized with the establishment of the Schools of Medicine, Law, Applied Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics), Literature and Theology. On 21 April 1924, the Republic of Turkey recognized the İstanbul Darülfünûnu as a state school, and on 7 October 1925, the administrative autonomy of İstanbul Darülfünûnu was recognized while the Schools (within the old Medrese system) became modern Faculties. On 1 August 1933, İstanbul Darülfünûnu was reorganized as İstanbul Üniversitesi (Istanbul University) following the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Classes officially began on 1 November 1933. CampusThe university has seventeen faculties on five campuses; the main campus being on Beyazıt Square, which was originally built by Constantine the Great as the Forum Tauri and was later enlarged by Theodosius the Great as the Forum of Theodosius during the Roman period. The main campus building with its landmark gate was previously used as the headquarters of the Harbiye Nezareti (Ministry of War) by the Ottoman government. Located on the grounds is the Beyazıt Tower, an {{convert|85|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall fire-watch tower. The grounds were previously the location of the Ottoman era Eski Saray (Old Palace). Some Roman and Byzantine ruins are still visible on the grounds. The university has a teaching staff of 2,000 professors and associates and 4,000 assistants and younger staff. More than 60,000 undergraduate and 8,000 postgraduate students follow the courses offered by Istanbul University every year. The main gate was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknotes of 1971–1984.[2] Notable alumni
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}} International rankings{{Infobox world university ranking| ARWU_W =401-500 (2018) | ARWU_W_ref =[5] | QS_W =801-1000 (2019) | QS_W_ref =[6] | THE_W =801-1000 (2018) | THE_W_ref =[7] | USNWR_W =668 (2018) | USNWR_W_ref =[8] }} See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-521-36107-1}}, p. 687 2. ^Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey {{cite web |url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-01-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hFIaQq0J?url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/ |archivedate=3 June 2009 |df= }}. Banknote Museum: 6. Emission Group – Five Hundred Turkish Lira – I. Series {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204092544/http://tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E6/234.htm |date=4 February 2009 }} & II. Series {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204092549/http://tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E6/236.htm |date=4 February 2009 }}. – Retrieved 20 April 2009. 3. ^{{cite news |title=Turkish journalist İlhan Selçuk died|url= http://www.nationalturk.com/en/turkish-journalist-ilhan-selcuk-died-539647|work=National Turk|date=2008-06-23 |accessdate=2010-07-06}} 4. ^{{cite news |last=İpek |first=Bülent |date=1 January 2011 |title=O Artık Bir Magazin Figürü |url=http://magazin.haberturk.com/herkes-bunu-konusuyor/haber/587013-sekreterdi-miss-turkeyde-4-oldu-tvde-parladi-dansla-dorukta |dead-url= |newspaper=HaberTürk |location=Istanbul |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803235959/http://magazin.haberturk.com/herkes-bunu-konusuyor/haber/587013-sekreterdi-miss-turkeyde-4-oldu-tvde-parladi-dansla-dorukta |archive-date=3 August 2014 |access-date=10 August 2016}} 5. ^Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018 6. ^[https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2019 QS World University Rankings 2019] 7. ^[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2018/world-ranking THE World University Rankings 2018] 8. ^[https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings?page=67 U.S. News Education: Best Global Universities 2018] External links{{commons category|Istanbul University}}
9 : Istanbul University|1874 establishments in the Ottoman Empire|1933 establishments in Turkey|Ottoman architecture in Istanbul|Universities established in the 20th century|Fatih|Avcılar|1453 establishments in the Ottoman Empire|Educational institutions established in the 15th century |
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