1. History

2. Notable residents

3. Gallery

4. International relations
    Twin towns — Sister cities 

5. References

6. External links

Iława {{IPAc-pl|AUD|ilawa.ogg|i|'|ł|a|w|a}} ({{lang-de|Deutsch Eylau}}{{Audlisten|De-Deutsch Eylau.ogg}}) is a town in northeastern Poland with 32,276 inhabitants (2010). It is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously it was in Olsztyn Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Iława County.

History

The city existed originally as a Old Prussian settlement and was recorded by Teutonic Knights in Prussia in 1305.It is documented in a manuscript by Luther von Braunschweig in 1317 and its first names are knonw as Ylavia, Ylaw oraz Ilow^[1]. It was located on the Eylenz (Iławka) River between Lakes Geserich (Jeziorak) and Eylenz (Iławskie). This location makes it a popular vacation area. The town was under the jurisdiction of the komtur of Christburg (Dzierzgoń) and since 1340 under Osterode (Ostróda). In 1457 it was sold to King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland during the Thirteen Years' War between the cities of Prussia and Poland on one side and the Teutonic Order on the other.

As Deutsch Eylau, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. Administered within the new province of West Prussia in 1773, it became part of the German Empire in 1871.

In 1862 the Oberland Canal (Elbląg Canal) was built between Elbing (Elbląg) and Eylau by engineer Georg Steenke, which enabled the inland town to transport bulk of lumber, farm products, and other goods north to Elbing and the Baltic Sea. This was superseded ten years later by rail transport, when the Thorn (Toruń)-Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk) railway line was constructed.

The East Prussian plebiscite of 1920 allowed the residents to cast votes either in favor of remaining in Germany or becoming a part of Poland. The vote took place amid persecution of Polish activists by the German side.^[2] Ultimately the town voted to remain in Germany by 4,746 to 235 votes. It became part of Regierungsbezirk West Prussia in the Province of East Prussia.

After World War II the region was placed under Polish administration by the Potsdam Agreement under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union. Most Germans fled or were expelled and replaced with Poles, some of whom had been expelled from the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. Th town name Iława was adopted to replace the Germanized name.

Notable residents

• Richard Altmann (1852–1900), pathologist
• Karl Heinemann (1857 – 1927) a German literary historian and philologist.
• Erich Diestel (1892–1973), Wehrmacht general
• Friedrich Karst (1893–1975), general
• Gustav Wilke (1898–1977), Fallschirmjäger general
• Helmuth Stieff (1901–1944), Wehrmacht general and resistance fighter
• Joachim Meichssner (1906–1944), Wehrmacht officer and resistance fighter
• Paul Semrau (1915–1945), Luftwaffe pilot
• Mirosław Kochalski (born 1965) was the Mayor of Warsaw
• Jarosław Kotewicz (born 1969) a retired Polish high jumper

Gallery

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Iława is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|GER}} Herborn (Germany)
• {{flagicon|NED}} Tholen (Netherlands)
• {{flagicon|LTU}} Gargždai (Lithuania)

References

External links

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