| 词条 | Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah |
| 释义 |
|name = Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح |image = عميد الصحافة ناصر العثمان الفخرو مع أمير الكويت السابق الشيخ جابر الأحمد الصباح.jpg |succession = Emir of Kuwait |reign = 31 December 1977 – 15 January 2006 |predecessor = Sabah III |successor = Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah |reg-type = {{nowrap|Prime Ministers}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Himself (1977–1978) Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah (1978–2003) Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2003–2006)}} |succession1 = Prime Minister of Kuwait |reign1 = 30 November 1965 – 8 February 1978 |predecessor1 = Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah |successor1 = Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah |reg-type1 = Emir |regent1 = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Sabah III Himself}} |religion = Islam |father = Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah |mother= Sheikha Bazba bint Salim Al-Sabah |birth_date = {{birth date|1924|6|29|df=y}} |birth_place = Kuwait City, Kuwait |death_place = London, United Kingdom |death_date = {{death date and age|2006|1|15|1924|6|29|df=y}} |burial_place = Kuwait }}Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah, GCB (Hon), GCMG (Hon) (29 June 1924 – 15 January 2006)[1][2] ({{lang-ar|الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح}}) of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Military of Kuwait; serving from 31 December 1977 until his death on 15 January 2006 due to cerebral hemorrhage. The third monarch to rule Kuwait since its independence from Britain, Jaber had previously served as minister of finance and Economy from 1962 until 1965, when he was appointed prime minister prior to becoming Kuwait's ruler.[2] Early life and educationJaber was born on 29 June 1924 in Kuwait City.[3] Jaber was the third son of the late Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.[4] Jaber received his early education at Al-Mubarakiya School, Al-Ahmediya School, and Al-Sharqiya School, and was subsequently tutored privately in religion, English, Arabic, and the sciences.[4] His brother Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was killed in the Gulf War, in front of Dasman Palace.[5] CareerEarly careerIn 1962, he was appointed as Kuwait's minister of finance when the ministry was established.[3] In this position, Sheikh Jaber was tasked with putting the new Kuwaiti dinar into circulation and establishing the Kuwaiti Currency Board, of which he was the chair. As minister, Jaber adopted, and was the first chairman of, the Kuwaiti Fund for Arab Economic Development from 1962–1964.[6] The Fund provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries; currently it is helping 103 countries. The country's oil revenues transformed it from a largely urban seafaring society to a modern state. During this time, the Fund expanded to aid five countries and gave loans to another eight.[7] The money going into the fund came from oil earnings, with virtually all of it being sent outside Kuwait.[7] Iran–Iraq WarKuwait found itself geographically in the middle of the Iran–Iraq War that took place from 1980 to 1988. Throughout the war, the country suffered from many security threats, including a series of bombings. In 1986, one year after the attack on Sheikh Jaber's motorcade,[8] there was an attack on an oil installation, which almost caused the shutdown of Kuwait's oil industry.[9] Gulf WarSome sources claim that the task of the invading Iraqi forces was to capture or kill Sheikh Jaber.[10][11] However, such a claimed plan was not possible with the exile of Sheikh Jaber and his government to Saudi Arabia within hours of the invasion where they ran the Kuwaiti exiled government from a hotel in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia.[12] From Ta'if, Sheikh Jaber set up his government so that its ministers were in constant communication with the people still in Kuwait. The government was able to direct an underground armed resistance made up of both military and civilian forces and was able to provide public services to the Kuwaiti people who remained, such as emergency care through the funds that it had saved from oil revenues.[10][11] In the meantime, Jaber and his government lobbied extensively to receive military support action against Iraq before and during the Gulf War. When the war ended on 28 February 1991, Sheikh Jaber remained in Saudi Arabia while declaring three months of martial law, causing the accusation that he was trying to monopolize too much power for the small constitutional monarchy.[13] By declaring martial law, those who were appointed to government positions were able to ensure the safety of the people. By imposing martial law, government officials were able to ensure that there were no Iraqis still in Kuwait who may have attempted to once again overthrow the government. They were also tasked with making sure that the country was safe enough for Sheikh Jaber and his government to return, which they eventually did on 15 March 1991.[14] Personal life and deathHis actual family is quite complex; so it is unclear how many wives he had. He had more than forty children.[15] In September 2001, Sheikh Jaber suffered from a stroke and went to the United Kingdom for treatment. Five years later, he died on 15 January 2006, aged 81, from a cerebral hemorrhage that he had suffered since 2001.[16] He was succeeded by the Crown Prince Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah.[3] The government announced a 40-day period of mourning and closed for three days.[17] Children{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
}} Titles, styles and honours
Honours and awardsSheikh Jaber was given the following honors and awards.[18] Kuwait national honours
Arab and non-Arab honours
See also
Further reading
References1. ^Laura Etheredge (Ed.). "Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates". New York, NY: Britannic Educational Publishing, 2011. Print. p. 53 {{S-start}}{{s-hou|House of Sabah|29 June|1924|15 January|2006}}{{s-reg}}{{Succession box| title=Emir of Kuwait | before=Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah | after=Saad I Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah | years=1977–2006}}{{S-end}}{{Kuwait Emirs}}{{KuwaitPMs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah}}2. ^{{cite news |title=Obituary: Sheikh Jaber, Emir of Kuwait |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1556774.stm |accessdate=10 September 2014 |publisher=BBC |date=15 January 2006}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=His Highness Sheikh Jaber III |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1507905/His-Highness-Sheikh-Jaber-III.html |accessdate=10 September 2014 |work=The Telegraph |date=16 January 2006}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Jaber_al-Ahmad_al-Sabah.aspx|work=Encyclopedia of World Biography|accessdate=24 October 2014|year=2004}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/NewsDetails/tabid/96/smid/414/ArticleID/157601/reftab/73/Default.aspx|title=When our flag lost its sky … and only hearts remembered|date=4 November 2013|publisher=|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104113437/http://www.arabtimesonline.com/NewsDetails/tabid/96/smid/414/ArticleID/157601/reftab/73/Default.aspx|archivedate=4 November 2013|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. "Making of the Modern A Arabian Gulf states Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman". London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Print. p. 81 7. ^1 "Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development – Timeline. Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development. Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development – Timeline", 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 8. ^{{cite news|title=Emir of Kuwait's motorcade bombed on highway|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=19850524&id=l3o1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=9uAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1282,3749546|accessdate=24 October 2014|work=Kentucky New Era|agency=AP|date=24 May 1984}} 9. ^Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. Making of the Modern Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Print. p. 44 10. ^1 Ibrahim, Youssef M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/26/world/confrontation-gulf-man-exiled-emir-sheik-jaber-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah.html?scp=1&sq=CONFRONTATION+IN+THE+GULF%3A+Man+in+the+News%3B+The+Exiled+Emir%3A+Sheik+Jaber+al-Ahmad+al-Jaber+al-Sabah&st=nyt "Confrontation in the Gulf: Man in the News; The Exiled Emir: Sheikh Jaber AL-Ahmad AL-Saber AL-Sarah"], The New York Times, 26 September 1996. Retrieved 16 November 2009 11. ^1 Sheikh Saad Al- Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, the 14th Ruler and 4th Emir 12. ^ Sheikh Saad Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, the 14th Ruler and 4th Emir 13. ^Brahmani, Yourself M. "After the War: Kuwait City; Nagging Question Lies Beneath Kuwait's Rejoicing: When Is the Emir Coming Home?", The New York Times, 4 March 1997. 14. ^Brahmani, Yourself M. "After the War: Kuwait; Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land", The New York Times, 15 March 1997 15. ^Ibrahim, Youssef M. "After the War: Kuwait; Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land", The New York Times, 15 March 1997 16. ^{{cite news|title=Emir of Kuwait dies|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Emir+of+Kuwait+dies.-a0140900366|accessdate=20 April 2013|newspaper=Daily Record|date=16 January 2006}} 17. ^Slackman, Michael, and Neil MacFarquhar. Just a few days earlier, Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, a rule from nearby Dubai died. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/international/middleeast/16emir.html?scp=19&sq=Emir&st=nyt "Sheik Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah, the Leader of Kuwait for 28 Years, Is Dead at 79"], 'The New York Times, 16 January 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 18. ^{{cite web|title=Al-Sabah Dynasty|url=http://www.royalark.net/Kuwait/kuwait16.htm|publisher=Royal Ark|accessdate=10 September 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1980.pdf|title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1980.}} 14 : 1924 births|2006 deaths|House of Al-Sabah|Prime Ministers of Kuwait|Rulers of Kuwait|Muslim monarchs|Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Government ministers of Kuwait|Recipients of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali|Grand Cordons of the Order of the Nile|Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur|Grand Cordons of the National Order of the Cedar|Honorary Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm |
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