“Jade (Mortal Kombat)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the games, Jade's initial background is that of an assassin in the service of evil Outworld emperor Shao Kahn, which was expanded in UMK3 and onwards to her being a friend and confidante of Princess Kitana, as well as a fellow patriot of their otherworldly home realm of Edenia that was enslaved by Kahn. In the series reboot, Jade is a central character in the game's story mode and additionally joins forces with the Earthrealm warriors in their attempt to defeat Kahn. She is often regarded as one of the best series characters in regards to gameplay, and the character has received mostly positive general and critical reception.

Appearances

In video games

In Mortal Kombat II (1993), Jade was a mysterious hidden character who plays no part in the game's storyline other than appearing at the start of random fights to drop cryptic clues on how to access her; players have to then meet particular requirements during gameplay in order to fight Jade in a secret battle in the "Goro's Lair" stage from the first game. She is wearing a green outfit similar to that of Kitana and Mileena and fights with increased speed and Kitana's fans. Though she identifies herself in one of the clues, her energy bar was left blank in the arcade game but was included in the home versions. In Shaolin Monks, the 2005 beat 'em up action-adventure spinoff that retold the events of MKII, she engages Liu Kang and Kung Lao in a fight alongside Mileena and a brainwashed Kitana. After Jade is defeated, she is then killed when the player character stabs Mileena's sai into her eyes.

Jade made her official debut as a playable character in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 (1995; an upgrade of Mortal Kombat 3{{#tag:ref|Jade also appears in a 1995 non-canonical short-story prequel to Mortal Kombat 3, sponsored by CD Projekt and published by Polish magazine Secret Service, where she is beaten after a hard fight with Sub-Zero, who then freezes and shatters her.^[6]|group="note"}}), in which her backstory was expanded; she served as one of Outworld emperor Shao Kahn's elite assassins along with his adopted stepdaughter Kitana,^[7] but after Kitana flees to Earthrealm after having been put on trial for killing Mileena, Jade is ordered by Kahn to bring Kitana back to him alive, resulting in Jade having to choose between disobeying her superior or betraying her close friend.^[8] Kahn sends Reptile along with Jade as insurance, ordering him to stop Kitana by any means necessary.^[5] Jade and Reptile locate Kitana, with Jade preventing an assassination attempt from Reptile on Kitana. Convinced of Reptile's actions and Kitana's words, Jade turns against Kahn and aids Kitana in freeing her resurrected mother, Queen Sindel, from Kahn's mental control. The three join with Kitana's Earthrealm allies to help defeat Shao Kahn, and after they liberate Edenia from Outworld, Jade serves Sindel and Kitana for years. Jade's UMK3 backstory (along with those of Kitana and Reptile) is unchanged in Mortal Kombat Trilogy.

Jade returned as a playable in Deception (2004) following an extended absence from the series. She witnesses the deaths of Kitana and Raiden's chosen fighters at the hands of the Deadly Alliance (Shang Tsung and Quan Chi) and their subsequent resurrection by the game's main boss character, the Dragon King Onaga. Jade is forced to imprison a brainwashed Kitana in the Edenian palace dungeon before freeing Sindel and escaping with her to Outworld, all while seeking revenge against traitorous fellow Edenian Tanya, who had allied herself with Onaga. In Sindel's ending, she and Jade locate Onaga's tomb when Onaga unleashes Kitana on them; Jade battles her friend before Sindel kills Onaga, breaking Kitana from Onaga's spell and returning peace to Edenia.^[9] Jade's own noncanonical game ending makes no mention of Kitana or Sindel, and instead has her confronting Tanya, Baraka, and a group of Tarkatan warriors, during which she breaks a vial filled with Tarkatan essence on Tanya, causing Baraka and his soldiers to attack her in a frenzy.^[10] In the game's Konquest mode, Jade orders Shujinko to apprehend another Edenian traitor, Rain, and bring him to her.

In Mortal Kombat, the 2011 reboot of the series, Jade was born into Edenian royalty that served Shao Kahn after he conquered the realm, and as a child she was given to him as a tribute. After years of rigorous training and service as an Outworld assassin, Jade earned a reputation as an agile and stealthy warrior. She was awarded the position of bodyguard to Princess Kitana and the two became close friends, but similar to her UMK3 storyline, Jade was under orders to kill Kitana should Kitana become disloyal to Kahn.^[11] Jade features in a chapter in the game's story mode, in which her self-assured and sassy personality stands in contrast to Kitana, who struggles to fulfill Kahn's expectations and begins doubting her origins. They initially fight against the Earthrealm warriors, but Jade soon becomes suspicious of Kitana when Kitana attempts to discover her true heritage, which in turn leads to her capture when she confronts Kahn after coming across a grotesque clone of herself named Mileena. Jade switches her allegiance and helps the Earthrealm warriors to free Kitana from captivity. She later joins them as they prepare to fend off Kahn's invasion of Earthrealm. As Raiden and Liu Kang commune with the Elder Gods, the Lin Kuei and Sindel attack. Sindel violently disembowels Jade with her bare hands, killing her. She is then resurrected and enslaved in the Netherealm by Quan Chi.^[12]

Jade was officially omitted from the upcoming Mortal Kombat X in 2015, with Ed Boon announcing it on Twitter and NetherRealm Studios during a live stream promoting the game.^[13] Kitana was instead shown using Jade's weapons in one of her three gameplay variations.^[14] She is neither seen nor mentioned in the game's story mode, but makes a cameo appearance in Kitana's ending. "Assassin Jade" was later added to the mobile version of MKX (Update 1.13 in 2017) and her second skin "Day of the Dead" was later added (Update 1.21 in 2018). It would then be revealed early 2019 that she will make her return as a revenent in Mortal Kombat 11.

Design

Jade debuted in Mortal Kombat II as a green palette swap of Kitana with darker skin and gold-tinted duplicates of her steel fans. Ed Boon said she was initially just "an evil version of Kitana, in a sense." ^[16] While the game was in development, the team wanted to add a secret character based on Katalin Zamiar, who had already been filmed performing as Kitana and Mileena; Jade was created in what Zamiar described as a mostly "on the spot" fashion.^[17] Zamiar's outfit used for filming the female ninja characters was blue,^[18] and presented some challenges for the actress during filming, such as the bottoms of the leggings being a bit too slippery for moves such as jump kicks^[19] and the tops having to be held up with rubber bands, while her mask was taped to her nose to keep it in place.^[18] Zamiar did not return for Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 due to brewing legal issues with Midway,^[20] and was replaced by Becky Gable.^[21] At that point, Jade was given a staff weapon to further separate her from Kitana and Mileena.^[16] In UMK3 and subsequent titles where the three of them appear, while Mileena's skin color is sometimes mildly darker than Kitana's, Jade's skin is consistently the darkest of the three. In the 2011 reboot game, Jade can have classic palette-swapped outfits from the 1990s as some of her alternate costumes; there is even a secret special encounter battle against her wielding Kitana's fans just like in Mortal Kombat II.^[22]

Like their male ninja counterparts in the Mortal Kombat games, Kitana, Mileena and Jade evolved considerably from their original palette swaps in the three-dimensional titles, receiving distinct new designs and other features. John Vogel, who worked on story and animations for Deception, said "the approach we've taken for Jade in this game is that she's more of stealthy ninja type of character. She's the one who sneaks around and gets information, and carries out covert activities."^[16] For Mortal Kombat X, from which Jade was initially excluded, her special attacks were given to Kitana for her "Mournful" gameplay variation, described in the game as Kitana paying tribute to "her fallen best friend" by "employing the weapons of the deceased master assassin."^[23]

Gameplay

In Mortal Kombat II, Jade (described therein as "an undiscovered warrior from Mortal Kombat One") used Kitana's weapons,^[24] in particular her "Fan Throw",^[25] but was extremely fast and immune to projectile attacks.^[25] With her Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 debut, Jade's primary weapon became a magical steel bō staff (changed to a spear only for Deception and additionally telescopic in MK2011), which was also used in her Fatalities, mostly for impaling her opponents. Her projectile attack in the game was a three-pronged boomerang that players could shoot in three different forward directions through varying joystick and button combinations.^[26] Jade's body-propel attack, a kick that sees her encased in a smoking green glow, is a variant of Johnny Cage's Shadow Kick.^[32]^[27] Sega Saturn Magazine's guide to Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 described her specials as leading into "some devastating combo attacks," adding that she was especially hard to win against as the CPU-controlled opponent.^[28]

Jade's moves, along with these of Mileena and Kitana, were used in Mortal Kombat Trilogy to create the hidden composite character Khameleon.^[29] In their 1997 review of the game, GameSpot described both Jade and Noob Saibot in Trilogy as being "incredibly overpowered, with moves that run from rendering projectiles ineffective to making characters momentarily powerless."^[30] According to Total 64, "with a wealth of special moves, some bloody death moves and some easy combos, Jade is the hardest bird on the block."^[31] She was a non-playable boss character in Shaolin Monks, fighting alongside both Kitana and Mileena.^[32] Prima Games rated Jade an overall score of seven out of ten, higher than Kitana and Mileena, for the 2006 compilation title Armageddon, in which she was playable along with the entire Mortal Kombat roster.^[33] For the 2011 reboot, Prima opined that her "speed, safe attacks, and savvy combo abilities put her near the top of the cast."^[34]

In other media

She has a minor role in Martin Delrio's novelization of the 1995 live-action film Mortal Kombat, based in part on the film's early scripts by Kevin Droney,{{#tag:ref|In the second draft script from April 1994, Jade appears in a fight scene with Sonya Blade that was never filmed. She is described therein as "a diminutive woman dressed in an ornate Kabuki kimono" who performs a ritualistic dance before attacking Sonya with a stiletto hidden in her hair bun, but loses after Sonya quickly disarms her.^[35]|group="note"}} in which she duels Sonya Blade in a bout that was omitted from the film. Jade's description as a long-haired Asian woman wearing a green silk dress was elaborated with her being covered in tattoos of tigers and dragons, and wielding two half-moon shaped daggers. Jade is killed with a single kick to the head by Sonya after being tricked into returning Sonya's bow of respect.^[36]

Jade was a supporting character in the 1997 film Annihilation, and was portrayed by Siberian-born supermodel and actress Irina Pantaeva in the role of "a beautiful refugee from Outworld."^[37] She first appears before Liu Kang wearing a fur cloak over a revealing cloth outfit, after he awakens from a dream state induced by Nightwolf, who had been training him earlier. In her only fight scene, she attacks Liu Kang when he rejects her advances (the film's special features explain she actually did develop "a burning desire to have Liu love her"), before which she magically changes to her familiar green costume. Her staff is instead a spear that she hurls at him and misses, and he subdues her after a quick hand-to-hand battle. Jade has no past relationship nor any interaction with Kitana in the film, and she secretly remains loyal to Shao Kahn while pretending to aid the Earthrealm warriors in her attempt to lead them into an ambush. When this fails, Shao Kahn has her eaten alive by a gargoyle in his palace. Pantaeva, making her English-language film debut while having no martial arts experience, underwent six months' training prior to shooting "so that my character would grow into a powerful and sexy warrior." The fight scene was shot in Thailand in a single take, and Pantaeva had enjoyed the experience to the extent that she successfully asked Annihilation director John R. Leonetti to do a second take.^[38]

The "absolutely, stunningly beautiful" Jade's role in Jerome Preisler's novelization of Annihilation, based in part on the screenplays by Brent V. Friedman and Bryce Zabel,{{#tag:ref|In the first draft screenplay from May 1996, the initial duel between the "gorgeous, exotic" Jade in "sexy fighting clothes" and Liu, following her barely failed seduction of him, involves her wielding a magical whip, as "sexual tension is now vented in a fight" and "all their sexual energy super-charges their kombat" that ends as "Liu straddles a prone Jade" before being interrupted by Nightwolf. Later, Shao Khan also strangles her as a punishment, but leaves her alive. Eventually, during the final battle, Liu, who had promised Jade she will die, repeatedly "whipkicks" her while saying that this is for betraying him, for betraying Kitana, and for being "the biggest bitch in the world."|group="note"}} differs little from her onscreen role as she attempts to seduce Liu Kang (there is no fight between them in this version) and later lures the Earthrealm warriors into a trap, but was additionally revealed to be Kitana's former lover, during which she makes mention of her Edenian heritage. She is still put to death by the enraged Shao Kahn for her failure in ambushing the Earth warriors; Kahn first strangles her and then feeds her to a living stained glass window monster.^[39]

She is a recurring guest character in the Mortal Kombat series published by Malibu Comics, first in the 1995 miniseries Battlewave,^[40] in which she is simply an evil assassin serving Shao Kahn and had no connection to Kitana, instead being paired regularly with fellow Mortal Kombat II hidden character Smoke. She is identical to Kitana only in that she is brunette with light skin and employed a pair of steel fans, while her green palette was unchanged; her eyes are variably drawn with and without lens. Jade and Smoke unsuccessfully attempt to assassinate Jax in a hospital and Johnny Cage aboard a plane headed to Outworld, and also Liu Kang in Outworld. In the finale of the 1995 three-issue miniseries Rayden and Kano, she and Smoke try to redeem themselves by killing Raiden, but again fail.

Jade was slated to make a single-episode appearance in the 1996 animated series Defenders of the Realm. Threshold Entertainment, the series' producers, had published a guide for its writers prior to production that contained brief biographies of series characters shortlisted for inclusion in the show. Jade's role in the guide was that of "a childhood friend of Kitana's but also works for [Shao] Kahn at times. She is alluring, mysterious and exotic, yet she cannot be trusted. She use[s] her beauty to lure her unsuspecting prey."^[41] However, Jade was ultimately converted by Threshold into an original character renamed Ruby.{{#tag:ref|Ruby has Jade's dark skin tone but was given a red palette in order to connect her with Ermac, while the biography and her gemstone namesake (jade to ruby) were kept intact. In the twelfth episode, Ruby works with Ermac and his forces in capturing and trapping the Earth defenders in Outworld after she seduces Jax, but she later turns against Kahn and enables the heroes to escape.^[42]|group="note"}}

Promotion and merchandise

A computer-generated Jade "hosted" G4's 2005 digital beauty pageant Girls Gone Wired,^[43] in which she declared her superiority over Pamela Anderson.^[44] In 2011, a Jade costume download for the PlayStation 3 version of the 2011 Mortal Kombat reboot game was included in separate Blu-ray releases of the two feature films.^[45] Jade and Kitana were the only characters in the reboot to have two "Klassic" costumes—their MKII (in which Jade has light skin and her staff) and UMK3 outfits—available for download.^[46] Model and cosplayer Evgeniya Rukavitsina dressed up as Jade in print advertising for the 2012 Russian release of the PlayStation Vita port of the reboot game.^[47]

Two different Jade action figures (basic and 10-inch models, each with different featured weapons) were released by Toy Island in 1996 as part of their Mortal Kombat Trilogy line.^[48] A Jade figurine was included with a 1995 special issue of Argentinian magazine Top Kids that featured a cover story titled "Jade: mystery warrior."^[49] She was included with the MKII cast in the 1994 Mortal Kombat Kard Game produced by BradyGames as a common character,^[50] and in the 2004 Epic Battles card game, which featured the Mortal Kombat: Deception roster, as one of the "rare" characters.^[51] A 1:6 scale limited-edition statue of Jade from MK2011 was released in the Mortal Kombat "Enchanted Warriors" line by Syco Collectibles in 2012,^[52] and a "Klassic" UMK3 1:4 scale statue of Jade was released by Pop Culture Shock Collectibles in 2014.^[53]

Reception

The character has received a mostly positive critical reception. Game Players listed her among "MKII's best characters" as compared to "the less interesting MK3 characters."^[54] On the other hand, Screen Rant's Joseph Walter felt the way Jade was featured in Mortal Kombat II hurt that game as a whole.^[55]

According to UGO's Chris Plante, "Jade [seems] to fetishize Eastern culture. Her skin tone is darker than similarly-dressed characters Kitana and Mileena, who are her aristocratic superiors. She is paradox: equal parts exotic slave girl and Asian princess, her most powerful weapon being her sexuality. She's the mystical, foreign black widow, a relic of postwar pulp novels."^[61] While comparing the Mortal Kombat characters to the seven deadly sins in Dante's Inferno, GamePro chose Jade to represent Lust.^[62] Jade placed third out of five in the "Sexiest Finish" category of G4TV's 2005 Video Game Vixens pageant,^[63] and was included among the "hottest chicks of 2011" by Univision.^[64] Complex ranked her as number one in their 2011 list of the "best looking sideline chicks in games," declaring a preference for her over Kitana, Mileena and Sonya. "No one should be so lethal with a stripper pole (okay, we meant staff), but she's capable of doing amazing things with it."^[65] Jade was ranked as the 30th-best looking game girl by GameHall's Portal PlayGame in 2014,^[66] while her breasts were ranked as the third-finest in video games by GameFront's Ross Lincoln in 2011,^[67] and seventh-best by Drea Avellan of Complex in 2012.^[68] Jade, Mileena and Kitana were all included among the top ten "hottest female villains in gaming" by Travis Huber of Cheat Code Central in 2014: "I am calling these characters the trifecta of terror. Or maybe the trifecta of T&A."^[69] WatchMojo.com's 2015 ranking declared that "with her exotic looks, awesome long legs and tight green revealing outfit, Jade is the sexiest character in the Mortal Kombat series."^[70]

GameFront's Phil Owen noted her popularity among the more attractive cosplayers,^[71] as did the staffs of Heavy.com^[72] and TF1.^[73] Fitness model Alicia Marie dressed up as Jade for the 2013 Comic-Con alongside Adrianne Curry as Mileena.^[74] Dressed as Jade, Paris Sinclair participated in a photo session with Jessica Nigri dressed as Sonya.^[75] Conversely, however, some criticized what was perceived as oversexualization of the character, with io9 including a Jade costume among 2011's "sluttiest and weirdest" store-bought Halloween dress-ups.^[76] Jade and Kitana represented the "women who fight" trope in Chad Hunter's 2012 Complex list of the fifteen most stereotypical characters in video games, as embodying "half-naked skanks who can fight, hurl lasers and perform aerobatic attacks while wearing thongs, high-heeled boots and keeping their giant breasts under scarves."^[77]

Jade's "Head Gymnastics" Fatality from Mortal Kombat: Deception has been received positively, for instance placing 33rd in Prima Games' 2014 ranking of the series' top fifty Fatalities.^[78] Previously, Game Informer included it in their 2010 selection of the series' best finishers.^[79] Adam Dodd of Cheat Code Central ranked it sixth in his list of the series' top ten finishers, stating: "This fatality is brutal, stylish, and includes a little showmanship, and that's essentially everything a fatality needs to be."^[80]

Jade's appearance in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, like many of the film's cast of characters, was not well received. James Deaux of Earth-2 opined, "[She] served only one purpose in this movie: to be the seductive harpy who pretends to assist Liu Kang but is really there to stall, confuse, grope and otherwise wound him."^[81] Eva Vandergeld from Jabootu's Bad Movie Dimension described Jade in her pre-fight outfit as "an Asian Pocahontas-wannabe in a Victoria's Secret catalogue."^[82] Doug Skiles of Killer Movies wrote in his 1997 review of the film, "Who honestly cares about the woman that shows up calling herself Jade?"^[83]

In 2010, Jade was included by Game Informer among the series' unwanted "palette swap characters," excluding Scorpion and Sub-Zero, for omission from future Mortal Kombat installments.^[84] However, according to Ed Boon himself, "even with Kitana's mournful variation, Jade is the most missed female fighter in Mortal Kombat X" by fans, as evidenced by the results of a poll he had posted on Twitter.^[85] Previously, Mortal Kombat X producer Shaun Himmerick had quit his social media presence following a string of violent threats issued towards him and his family^[86] after announcing Jade's removal from the game on a stream.^[87]

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://uk.ign.com/characters/jade-mortal-kombat |title=Jade (Mortal Kombat) |publisher=Uk.ign.com |date=2011-12-06 |accessdate=2014-01-19}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atomhawk.com/characters.html |title=Characters |publisher=Atomhawk.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-19}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lacasting.com/resume/resumeprint.asp?rs=1&crypt=diagnimephhohdjjcljpdljaejeenffdoejkedninlpljnfl |title=Linda Maria Lee's resume |publisher=Lacasting.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-19}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brendabarrie.net/pages/about.html |title=About |publisher=Brendabarrie.net |date=2009-07-24 |accessdate=2015-07-01}}
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Tips_Tricks_Volume_III_Issue_01_1996-01_LFP_US/Tips__Tricks_Volume_III_Issue_01_1996-01_LFP_US#page/n15/mode/2up |title=Tips & Tricks - Volume III Issue 01 (1996-01) (LFP) (US) |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
6. ^Secret Service Kompendium Wiedzy #1.
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hist_mortalk/p3.html |title=GameSpot:Video Games PC Xbox 360 PS3 Wii PSP DS PS2 PlayStation 2 GameCube GBA PlayStation 3 |website=Web.archive.org |date=2007-05-30 |accessdate=2016-01-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530092709/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hist_mortalk/p3.html |archivedate=May 30, 2007 }}
8. ^Jade Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 Biography - Mortal Kombat Warehouse. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
9. ^{{cite video game|title=Deception |developer=Midway Games |publisher= |date=2004 |level=Sindel ending}}
10. ^Jade Mortal Kombat: Deception Biography - Mortal Kombat Warehouse. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
11. ^Jade MK2011 Biography - Mortal Kombat Warehouse. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
12. ^{{cite video game|title=Mortal Kombat (2011) |developer=NetherRealm Studios |publisher= |date=2011 |level=Chapter 16: Raiden}}
13. ^[https://twitter.com/noobde/status/565986854772568064 Ed Boon (@noobde) on Twitter], February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/02/12/this-mortal-kombat-character-wont-be-coming-to-mkx|title=This Mortal Kombat Character Won't be Coming to MKX|first=Seth G.|last=Macy|publisher=IGN.com|date=February 12, 2015|accessdate=February 12, 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eventhubs.com/news/2015/feb/06/kitana-takes-her-mask-and-uses-jades-weapons-references-cyrax-and-rain-possible-upcoming-characters-ign-insider-video/|title=Kitana takes off her mask and uses Jade's weapons|first=John|last=Guerrero|publisher=IGN.com|date=February 6, 2015|accessdate=February 12, 2015}}
15. ^Random MK fun fact—Ed Boon on TwitPic, 2003.
16. ^¹²{{cite web|last=Dunham |first=Jeremy |url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2004/08/04/the-kombatants-of-mk-deception-round-2 |title=The Kombatants of MK Deception, Round 2 - IGN |website=Uk.ign.com |date=2004-08-03 |accessdate=2016-01-01}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV7YvoXc82s |title=The On Blast Show! Ep10: Katalin Zamiar (Kitana/Mileena) Part 1 |publisher=YouTube |date=2012-09-06 |accessdate=2014-01-19}}
18. ^¹VideoGames: The Ultimate Gaming Magazine #63 (April 1994), p. 49.
19. ^GamePro 58 (May 1994), pages 28-31.
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thegamingliberty.com/2011/02/the-97-midway-court-case-shang-tsung-and-kitana-speak|title=The '97 Midway Court Case - Shang Tsung and Kitana Speak!|publisher=The Gaming Liberty|date=February 10, 2011|accessdate=February 2, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203100400/http://www.thegamingliberty.com/2011/02/the-97-midway-court-case-shang-tsung-and-kitana-speak/|archivedate=February 3, 2015|df=}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Tips_Tricks_Volume_III_Issue_01_1996-01_LFP_US/Tips__Tricks_Volume_III_Issue_01_1996-01_LFP_US#page/n15/mode/2up |title=Tips & Tricks - Volume III Issue 1 (1996-01) |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
22. ^{{cite web|author=Gavin Jasper |url=http://www.denofgeek.us/games/mortal-kombat/241361/mortal-kombat-the-definitive-guide-to-the-secret-characters |title=Mortal Kombat: The Definitive Guide to the Secret Characters |publisher=Denofgeek.us |date= |accessdate=2015-07-01}}
23. ^Kitana: Mournful - MKSecrets.net. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Sega-Visions-Issue-21#page/n29/mode/1up/ |title=Sega Visions Issue 21 |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
25. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/theone-magazine-76/TheOne_76_Feb_1995#page/n69/mode/1up/ |title=TheOne Magazine Issue 76 |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Sega_Saturn_Magazine_Issue_08_1996-06_EMAP_Images_GB#page/n65/mode/2up/ |title=Sega Saturn Magazine - Issue 08 (1996-06) (EMAP Images) (UK) |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
27. ^"Full Coverage: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3". Jade Power 91 (December 1996), page 69.
28. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Official_Sega_Saturn_Magazine_006/Official_Sega_Saturn_Magazine_006_-_apr_1996_UK#page/n46/mode/1up/ |title=Showcases: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3|first=Ed|last=Lomas|publisher= Official Sega Saturn Magazine, p. 47|date=April 1996}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hist_mortalk/p17.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501145119/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hist_mortalk/p17.html |archivedate=2007-05-01 |title=The History of Mortal Kombat: Mortal Kombat Trilogy (GameSpot) |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2007-05-07 |accessdate=2014-01-19}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.videogames.com/sat/fight/mktrilog/review.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225122322/http://www.videogames.com/sat/fight/mktrilog/review.html |archivedate=February 25, 2002 |work=videogames.com|first=Joe|last=Fielder|title=Mortal Kombat Trilogy Review (GameSpot) |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=September 26, 1997 |accessdate=January 19, 2014}}
31. ^Total 64 February 1997, page 57.
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/gamesTM037/GTM_037_eMag#page/n97/mode/1up/ |title=gamesTM 37 |publisher=Archive.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}
33. ^Bryan Dawson and Fletcher Black. Mortal Kombat Armageddon: Prima Official Game Guide (p. 169). Prima Games (2006), {{ISBN|0761554483}}.
34. ^Jason Wilson and Adam Hernandez. Mortal Kombat: Prima Official Game Guide (p. 82). Prima Games (2011), {{ISBN|0307890953}}.
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://tabmok99.mortalkombatonline.com/mk_movie_script.doc |title=Mortal Kombat second draft script|first= Kevin |last=Droney |date=April 25, 1994 |accessdate=August 1, 2012}}
36. ^Delrio, Martin. Mortal Kombat. Tor Books (1995), {{ISBN|0812544528}}.
37. ^Black Belt January 1998, page 84.
38. ^¹{{cite magazine|last=Reid|first= Craig|title= Fighting Femmes of Mortal Kombat| publisher=Femme Fatales, Vol. 6, No. 7, p.12-13.|date=January 1998}}
39. ^Preisler, Jerome. Mortal Kombat Annihilation. Tor Books (1997), {{ISBN|0812539338}}.
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