| 词条 | James Hutchison Stirling |
| 释义 |
James Hutchison Stirling (22 June 1820 – 19 March 1909) was a Scottish idealist philosopher[1] and physician. His work The Secret of Hegel (1st edition, 1865, in 2 vols.; revised edition, 1898, in 1 vol.) gave great impetus to the study of Hegelian philosophy both in Britain and in the United States, and it was also accepted as an authoritative work on Hegel's philosophy in Germany and Italy.{{sfn|Cousin|1910}} BiographyJames Hutchison Stirling was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the 5th son (and the youngest of 6 children) of William Stirling (died 14 March 1851)[2] and Elizabeth Christie (d. 1828).[3][4] William was a wealthy textile manufacturer who was a partner in the Glasgow firm of James Hutchison & Co., which manufactured muslin (lightweight cotton cloth in a plain weave, used for making sheets and for a variety of other purposes).[5][6] William was known for his deeply-held religious views, many of which strongly influenced his son James. Stirling studied at Young's Academy in Glasgow, followed by 9 years of education (1833-1842) at the University of Glasgow, where he studied medicine, history, and classics. He became a Licentiate (1842, medical diploma) and Fellow (1860) of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Stirling married Jane Hunter Mair (died 5 July 1903), an old family friend, on 28 April 1847 in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. The couple had seven children (5 daughters and 2 sons), as follows: Jessie Jane Stirling (born 26 June 1850) (who married Rev. Robert Armstrong of Glasgow), Elizabeth Margaret Stirling (11 February 1852 - 1871), Amelia Hutchison Stirling, Florence Hutchison Stirling (1858 - 6 May 1948), Lucy Stirling, William Stirling, and David Stirling. Stirling's daughter Amelia wrote many books on historical subjects, and she was the joint-translator - with William Hale White (1831-1913) - of Spinoza's Ethics (1883). She also wrote a biography of her father James titled James Hutchison Stirling: His Life and Work (London and Leipzig: T. Fisher Unwin, 1912). Stirling's daughter Florence won the Scottish Ladies' Championship (a chess championship) 5 times (in 1905, 1906, 1907, 1912, and 1913).[7][8] After receiving a large inheritance from his father's estate in 1851, Stirling left his medical practice.{{sfn|Cousin|1910}} He then set out to learn French and German, for the purpose of being able to better understand continental philosophical trends. In pursuit of this goal, he moved his family briefly to Boulogne-sur-Mer, France (located in the current Pas-de-Calais department of the Hauts-de-France region), then to Paris for 18 months, then to St. Servan (located 2 miles from the ferry port of St. Malo in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of the Brittany region of France) for four and a half years, and then finally to Heidelberg, Germany. In November 1857, Stirling and his family took up residence in London (at 3 Wilton Terrace, Kensington), where they lived for about 3 years.[9] After this, in 1860 Stirling returned to Edinburgh - his address there was 4 Laverock Bank Road, Trinity, Edinburgh[10] - which then became his permanent residence until the end of his life, and where he wrote on the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) and many other subjects. The primary result of his comprehensive Hegel studies was his influential work The Secret of Hegel (2 vols., 1865). One of Stirling's other major philosophical works - Philosophy and Theology (1890) (consisting of his 20 Gifford Lectures, delivered at the University of Edinburgh in 1889-1890) - focuses not on Hegelian philosophical topics, but on Charles Darwin's evolutionary theories. Frederick Copleston (A History of Philosophy vol. VII, p. 12) wrote "...we may be inclined to smile at J. H. Stirling's picture of Hegel as the great champion of Christianity." In his final years he lived at 4 Laverockbank Road in Trinity, Edinburgh.[11] Stirling died in Edinburgh. He is buried in Warriston Cemetery on the north side of the city. His grave lies in the centre of the long, upper section north of the vaults, facing south onto an east–west path. Selected publicationsOther works:{{sfn|Cousin|1910}}
More concerned with literature:
Notes1. ^James Hutchison Stirling (1820-1909), in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2. ^[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo1.ark:/13960/t3708n81r;view=1up;seq=111;size=75 James Hutchison Stirling: His Life and Work (1912), by Amelia Hutchison Stirling, p. 103] 3. ^Oxford Index - James Hutchison Stirling (1820-1909) 4. ^[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo1.ark:/13960/t3708n81r;view=1up;seq=25;size=75 James Hutchison Stirling: His Life and Work (1912), pp. 17-18] 5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=5aVDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA622&dq=William+Stirling+-+James+Hutchison+%26+Co.&source=bl&ots=VxAWGBe6me&sig= Article on "Stirling, James Hutchison, LL.D" in Who's Who 1897 - First Year of New Issue (London: Adam & Charles Black, Soho Square, 1897) (ed. by Douglas Sladen), p. 622] 6. ^[https://archive.org/details/slatersdirectory1855scot Slater's Directory of Glasgow and its Vicinity (1855) (Hutchison, James & Co. is listed under "Manufacturers of Muslins" on p. 46)] 7. ^[https://www.chessscotland.com/documents/history/biographies/stirling.htm Chess Scotland - Florence Hutchison Stirling] 8. ^[https://www.chessscotland.com/documents/archiveresults/champwoman.htm Chess Scotland - Women Champions] 9. ^[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo1.ark:/13960/t3708n81r;view=1up;seq=146;size=75 James Hutchison Stirling: His Life and Work (1912), p. 136] 10. ^Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory, 1908-9 11. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1909-10 References
External links
9 : 1820 births|1909 deaths|19th-century British philosophers|19th-century Scottish writers|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|British philosophers|Hegelian philosophers|Non-Darwinian evolution|Scottish philosophers |
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