| 词条 | Jan Marek Marci |
| 释义 |
|name = Jan Marek Marci |image = Jan Marcus Marci 00.jpg |image_size = 300px |alt = |caption = |birth_date = 13 June 1595 |birth_place = Lanškroun |death_date = {{d-da|10 April 1667|13 June 1595}} |death_place = Prague |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = Czech |fields = Medicine, Mechanics, Optics, Mathematics |workplaces = Charles University, Prague |alma_mater = University of Olomouc, Olomouc Charles University, Prague |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = |signature = |signature_alt = |footnotes = }} Jan Marek Marci FRS, {{lang-de|Johannes Marcus Marci de Cronland}} (June 13, 1595, {{illm|Landskron|de|display=1|vertical-align=sup|}} ({{lang|de|Lanscron, Landeskrone, Cronland, Kronland}}, {{lang-cs|{{illm|Lanškroun|cs|display=1|vertical-align=sup|}}|}}), Royal Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, Austria{{ndash}}April 10, 1667, Prague, R.Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, Austria), or Johannes ({{lang-gr|Ioannes}}) Marcus Marci, was a Bohemian doctor and scientist, rector of the University of Prague, and official physician to the Holy Roman Emperors.[1] The crater Marci on the far side of the Moon is named after him. CareerMarci was born in Lanškroun, near the border between historical lands Bohemia and Moravia (presently parts of the Czech Republic). He studied under Athanasius Kircher,[1] and spent most of his career as a professor of Charles University in Prague, where he served eight times as Dean of the medical school and once as Rector in 1662. He was also the personal doctor of Emperors Ferdinand III and Leopold I, and distinguished himself in the defense of Prague against the Swedish armies in 1648. In October 1654 he was given the nobility title (falckrabě) "de Kronland" (anagram of "Landskron", German name for the city of Lanškroun). In 1667, he was elected as a member of the Royal Society.[1] He joined the Jesuit order shortly before his death.[2] WorkMarci's studies covered the mechanics of colliding bodies, epilepsy, and the refraction of light, as well as other topics. Prior to Marci, the prevailing theory of color assumed that light was modified by the action of a medium to produce color. Most theories were based upon the assumption that color was simply a modification of light varying between whiteness and blackness. Marci preceded Isaac Newton in his belief that "Light is not changed into colors except by a certain refraction in a dense medium; and the diverse species of colors are the products of refraction."[3] Although he thought that different colors were caused by varying angles of incidence across the 1/2 degree apparent diameter of the sun, he stated that each color was condensed or disentangled from the others after refraction into homogeneous or elementary colors of red, green, blue and purple, and that no further change in color was obtained by additional refraction of elementary colors.[4] Marci at some time came into possession of the Voynich Manuscript, apparently upon the death of its former owner, the alchemist Georg Baresch. He sent the book to his longtime friend Athanasius Kircher, with a cover letter dated 19 August 1666, or possibly 1665.[1] This cover letter has remained intact and was present when the manuscript was obtained by Wilfrid Voynich. He is remembered today by the award of an annual medal to distinguished scientists by the Slovak-Czech Spectroscopy Society. Books
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|url=http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/tech_journals/Voynich_Manuscript_Mysterious.pdf|author=Tiltman, John H.|date=Summer 1967|title=The Voynich Manuscript: "The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World"|volume=XII|number=3|accessdate=October 30, 2011|publisher=NSA Technical Journal|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018025101/https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/tech_journals/Voynich_Manuscript_Mysterious.pdf|archivedate=October 18, 2011|df=}} 2. ^ MacDonnell, Joseph. Companions of Jesuits: A History of Collaboration.Detroit: NU-AD Inc., 1995, p. 78. 3. ^Richard S. Westfall, "The Development of Newton's Theory of Color" ISIS, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Sept. 1962) pp. 339-358 4. ^Carl B. Boyer, The Rainbow from Myth to Mathematics (1959) External links
9 : 1595 births|1667 deaths|17th-century Bohemian physicians|17th-century Latin-language writers|Czech scientists|Palacký University alumni|Charles University in Prague alumni|People from the Kingdom of Bohemia|People from Lanškroun |
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