| 词条 | Jessie Matthews |
| 释义 |
| name = Jessie Matthews | honorific_suffix = OBE | image = There Goes the Bride (1932 film) 03.png | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Jessie Margaret Matthews | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1907|03|11}} | birth_place = Soho, London, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1981|08|19|1907|03|11}} | death_place = Eastcote, London, England | occupation = Actress, singer, dancer | years_active = 1919–1981 | spouse = Brian Lewis (1945–1959) Sonnie Hale (1931–1944) Harry Lytton (1926–1929)}}Jessie Matthews {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE}} (11 March 1907 – 19 August 1981) was an English actress, dancer and singer of the 1920s and 1930s, whose career continued into the post-war period.[1][2] After a string of hit stage musicals and films in the mid-1930s, Matthews developed a following in the USA, where she was dubbed "The Dancing Divinity".[3] Her British studio was reluctant to let go of its biggest name, which resulted in offers for her to work in Hollywood being repeatedly rejected.[4] BiographyEarly lifeJessie Margaret Matthews was born in a flat behind a butcher's shop at 94 Berwick Street, Soho, London,[5] in relative poverty, the seventh of sixteen children (of whom eleven survived) of a fruit-and-vegetable seller.[6] She took dancing lessons as a child in a room above the local public house at 22 Berwick Street.[7]Stage careerShe went on stage on 29 December 1919, aged 12, in Bluebell in Fairyland, by Seymour Hicks, music by Walter Slaughter and lyrics by Charles Taylor, at the Metropolitan Music Hall, Edgware Road, London, as a child dancer She made her film debut in 1923 in the silent film The Beloved Vagabond.[1] She had a small part in Straws in the Wind (1924). Matthews was in the chorus in Charlot's Review of 1924 in London.[8] She went with the show to New York, where she was also understudy to the star, Gertrude Lawrence. The show moved to Toronto, and when Lawrence fell ill she took over the role and was given great reviews.[9] Stage starMatthews was acclaimed in the United Kingdom as a dancer and as the first performer of numerous popular songs of the 1920s and 1930s, including "A Room with a View" by Noël Coward and "Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love" by Cole Porter.[9] Matthews' fame reached its initial height with her lead role in Charles B. Cochran's 1930 stage production of Ever Green, premiered at the Alhambra Theatre Glasgow. The musical by Rodgers and Hart was partly inspired by the life of music hall star Marie Lloyd and her daughter's tribute act resurrection of her mother's acclaimed Edwardian stage show as Marie Lloyd Junior. At its time Ever Green, which included the first major revolving stage in Britain,[10] was the most expensive musical ever mounted on a British stage.[11] Film starMatthews' first major film role was in Out of the Blue (1931). She was in two films directed by Albert de Courville, The Midshipmaid (1932) and There Goes the Bride (1932). Matthews enjoyed great success with The Good Companions (1933) directed by Victor Saville, although it was more of an ensemble film and The Man from Toronto (1933). Waltzes from Vienna (1933) was an operetta directed by Alfred Hitchcock, followed by Friday the Thirteenth (1933). She was in the film version of Evergreen (1934) which featured the newly composed song Over My Shoulder which was to go on to become Matthews' personal theme song, later giving its title to her autobiography and to a 21st-century musical stage show of her life.[12] She was in First a Girl (1935) as a cross dresser, then It's Love Again (1936), where she had an American co-star Robert Young. Exhibitors voted her the sixth biggest star in the country that year.[13] Matthews started to appear in films directed by husband Sonnie Hale: Gangway (1937), Head over Heels (1937) and Sailing Along (1938). She did Climbing High (1938) directed by Carol Reed. In 1938 she was the fourth biggest British star.[14] World War IIHer warbling voice and round cheeks made her a familiar and much-loved personality to British theatre and film audiences at the beginning of World War II. She was one of many stars in Forever and a Day (1943). Her popularity waned in the 1940s after several years' absence from the screen followed by an unsatisfactory thriller, Candles at Nine (1944).[15] Post-war careerPost-war audiences associated her with a world of hectic pre-war luxury that was now seen as obsolete in austerity-era Britain.[16] In the late 1940s she ran an amateur theatre group at the Theatre Royal in Aldershot. After a few false starts as a straight actress she played Tom Thumb's mother in the 1958 children's film, and during the 1960s found new fame when she took over the leading role of Mary Dale in the BBC's long-running daily radio soap, The Dales, formerly Mrs Dale's Diary.[17][18] Live theatre and variety shows remained the mainstay of Matthews' work through the 1950s and 1960s, with successful tours of Australia and South Africa interspersed with periods of less glamorous but welcome work in British provincial theatre and pantomimes. Later careerJessie Matthews was awarded an OBE in 1970[2] and continued to make cabaret and occasional film and television appearances through the decade including one-off guest roles in the popular BBC series Angels[19] and an episode of the ITV mystery anthology Tales of the Unexpected.[20] She memorably played Wallis Simpson's "Aunt Bessie" Merriman in the 1978 Thames TV series Edward & Mrs. Simpson.[21] She took her one-woman stage show to Los Angeles in 1979 and won the United States Drama Logue Award for the year's best performance in concert.[9] Personal lifeIn 1926 she married the first of her three husbands, actor Henry Lytton, Jr., the son of singer and actress Louie Henri and Sir Henry Lytton the doyen of the Savoy Theatre. They divorced in 1929. Matthews had several romantic relationships conducted in the public eye, often causing controversy in the newspapers. The most notorious was her relationship with the married Sonnie Hale. A high-court judge denounced her as an "odious"[22] individual when her love letters to Hale were used as evidence in the case of his divorce from his wife, actress/singer Evelyn 'Boo' Laye.[23][24] It took some time for Matthews' popularity to recover from this scandal. "If I ceased to be a star", she wrote in a piece for Picturegoer in 1934, "all that interest in my home life would evaporate, I believe. Perhaps it is the price one has to pay for being a star".[25] Her second and longest marriage (1931–1944) was to actor-director Sonnie Hale; the third to military officer, Lt. Brian Lewis, both marriages ending in divorce.[23] With Hale she had one adopted daughter, Catherine Hale-Monro, who married Count Donald Grixoni on 15 November 1958; they eventually divorced but she remained known as Catherine, Countess Grixoni. Matthews suffered from periods of ill-health throughout her life and eventually died of cancer, aged 74.[26] She is buried at St Martin's Church, Ruislip.[23] Theatre
Filmography{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Box office rankingFor a number of years, British film exhibitors voted her among the top ten stars in Britain at the box office via an annual poll in the Motion Picture Herald.
Home videoMatthews' 12 starring films from There Goes the Bride to Sailing Along have been released in the UK by Network DVD.[28] The same films, except for Waltzes from Vienna and Evergreen, have also been released on DVD in the US by VCI Entertainment[29] In France, Waltzes from Vienna has been released on DVD under its local title, Le Chant du Danube by Universal, who paired it with another Hitchcock-directed film, Downhill (1927). Climbing High has also been released on French DVD by Elephant Films, as La Grande escalade. Three of the four remaining films Matthews made after the end of her leading lady period (Forever and a Day, Tom Thumb and The Hound of the Baskervilles) have been released on DVD in various countries. LegacyMatthews was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1961, and a posthumous biography from the BBC's 40 Minutes (1987), Catch A Fallen Star.[30][31] A memorial plaque on her childhood dance venue, 22 Berwick Street, Soho, was unveiled on 3 May 1995 by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Ruthie Henshall.[7] Bibliography and sources
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba18b81aa|title=Jessie Matthews|publisher=}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/449354/index.html|title=BFI Screenonline: Matthews, Jessie (1907–1981) Biography|website=www.screenonline.org.uk}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsbEP_Mu50EC&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=jessie+Matthews+++Matthews+developed+a+following+in+the+USA,+where+she+was+dubbed+%22The+Dancing+Divinity%22&source=bl&ots=WA3i8FyOm3&sig=a8M7CUeXMvoTdNMjhGoGFBEtlSg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjix6e0oenVAhWOa1AKHYtPD9AQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=jessie+Matthews+++Matthews+developed+a+following+in+the+USA,+where+she+was+dubbed+%22The+Dancing+Divinity%22&f=false|title=The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia|first=Thomas S.|last=Hischak|date=21 August 2017|publisher=ABC-CLIO|via=Google Books}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tRTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT230&lpg=PT230&dq=jessie+Matthews+British+studios+would+not+release+her+to+work+in+hollywood&source=bl&ots=SdN_64jHFk&sig=P0kJhamHhDCDOHsVpdCFy1WY9kA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYjeaRo-nVAhXFYVAKHc-0AacQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=jessie+Matthews+British+studios+would+not+release+her+to+work+in+hollywood&f=false|title=A Special Relationship: Britain Comes to Hollywood and Hollywood Comes to Britain|first=Anthony|last=Slide|date=15 June 2015|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|via=Google Books}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wickedlady.com/films/ladies/MatthewsJessie/index.html|title=Jessie Matthews – www.wickedlady.com|website=www.wickedlady.com}} 6. ^Thornton 1974, p. 5. 7. ^1 City of Westminster green plaques {{cite web|url=http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/leisureandculture/greenplaques/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716210428/http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/leisureandculture/greenplaques/ |archivedate=16 July 2012 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/j/jessie-matthews/|title=Jessie Matthews|first=Victoria and Albert Museum, Digital Media|last=webmaster@vam.ac.uk|website=www.vam.ac.uk}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/21/obituaries/jessie-matthews-dead-at-74-starred-in-musical-comedies.html|title=STARRED IN MUSICAL COMEDIES|date=21 August 1981|website=The New York Times}} 10. ^"Alhambra Glasgow" by Graeme Smith {{ISBN|978-0-9559420-1-3}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13776108-jessie-matthews|title=Paul van Yperen's Blog – Jessie Matthews – August 12, 2016 22:00|website=www.goodreads.com}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000065CTE|title=Amazon.com – Over My Shoulder – the Jessie Matthews Story (Soundtrack)}} 13. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25390774 |title=Pictures and Personalities. |newspaper=The Mercury |location=Hobart, Tasmania |date=10 April 1937 |accessdate=27 April 2012 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25589834|title=Formby is Popular Actor|work=The Mercury |location=Hobart, Tasmania|date=25 February 1939|accessdate=27 April 2012|page=5|via=National Library of Australia}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/movies/candles-at-nine/review/123298/|title=Candles At Nine|website=TVGuide.com}} 16. ^Thornton 1974, p. 203 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/jessie-matthews-p46481|title=Jessie Matthews – Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos – AllMovie|website=AllMovie}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/01/2007_09_mon.shtml|title=BBC – Radio 4 Woman's Hour -Jessie Matthews|first=|last=BBC|website=www.bbc.co.uk}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0513071/|title="Angels" My Patient (1976)}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tv.com/tales-of-the-unexpected/a-picture-of-a-place/episode/142650/summary.html|title=Tales of the Unexpected:A Picture of a Place}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://britmovie.co.uk/ActorCredit.aspx?ActorID=11339|title=Jessie Matthews|website=britmovie.co.uk}} 22. ^{{cite news | title = BBC Radio 2 documentary}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-445576/Jessie-Matthews-The-Diva-Debauchery.html|title=Jessie Matthews: The Diva of Debauchery|publisher=}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nickelinthemachine.com/2009/04/berwick-street-and-the-rivals-in-love-jessie-matthews-and-evelyn-laye.html|title=Rivalry between Matthews and Evelyn "Boo" Laye|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812113500/http://www.nickelinthemachine.com/2009/04/berwick-street-and-the-rivals-in-love-jessie-matthews-and-evelyn-laye.html|archivedate=12 August 2009|df=dmy-all}} 25. ^{{cite news |title = Hands off my private life |newspaper=Picturegoer | location= London| date = 10 March 1934| page= 13}} 26. ^{{cite news | last = | first = | title = British musical comedy star Jessie Matthews dies at 74 | newspaper = Chicago Tribune | at = sec. 4, p. 17 | department = Obituaries | via = Chicago Tribune Archive | date = 21 August 1981 | url = http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1981/08/21/page/75/article/british-musical-comedy-star-jessie-matthews-dies-at-74 | accessdate = 2 October 2015 }} 27. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25589834|title=Formby is Popular Actor|newspaper=The Mercury |location=Hobart, Tasmania|date=25 February 1939|accessdate=27 April 2012|page=5|via=National Library of Australia}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://networkonair.com/search?controller=search&s=Jessie+Matthews|title=Search / Network On Air|website=networkonair.com}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vcientertainment.com/index.php?route=product/search&filter_name=Jessie+Matthews|title=Search – Jessie Matthews|website=www.vcientertainment.com}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bigredbook.info/jessie_matthews.html|title=Jessie Matthews|website=www.bigredbook.info}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/73f2aac4416e45c9b0fa9e5de9357e5c|title=Catch a Fallen Star – BBC Two England – 23 December 1987 – BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk}} External links
|publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/theatre_performance/features/history_of_musicals/the_stars/jessie_matthews/index.html |title=Jessie Matthews |work=Theatre & Performance |accessdate=24 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413190842/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/theatre_performance/features/history_of_musicals/the_stars/jessie_matthews/index.html |archivedate=13 April 2011 |df= }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Matthews, Jessie}} 15 : 1907 births|1981 deaths|English Roman Catholics|Deaths from cancer in England|English female dancers|English film actresses|English musical theatre actresses|English radio personalities|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|People from Eastcote|People from Soho|20th-century English actresses|Actresses from London|20th-century English singers|20th-century women singers |
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