“Jim Webb”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

James Henry Webb Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician and author. He has served as a United States Senator from Virginia, Secretary of the Navy, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, Counsel for the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs^[2] and is a decorated former Marine Corps officer.

In the private sector he has been an Emmy Award winning journalist, a filmmaker, and the author of ten books. In addition, he taught literature at the United States Naval Academy and was a Fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics. As a member of the Democratic Party, Webb announced on November 19, 2014, that he was forming an exploratory committee to evaluate a run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, he announced that he would be joining the race for the Democratic nomination for president, but stepped down from running in the primaries on October 20, 2015, stating that he was "not comfortable" and "unhappy" with many of the party's political positions.

Early life

Webb was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, to James Henry Webb Sr., and his wife, Vera Lorraine Hodges.^[3] As the second of four children and the older son, he grew up in a military family, moving frequently as his father's career in the United States Air Force required. The family crisscrossed the country, living in Missouri, Illinois, Texas, Alabama, Nebraska, California, and Virginia, as well as in England, where his father was an exchange officer with the Royal Air Force.^[4] His father flew B-17s and B-29s during World War II, and flew Air Force cargo aircraft during the 1948-49 Berlin airlift. After developing an inner ear disorder, Meniere's Disease, he became a pioneer in the Air Force missile program, later serving as the commanding officer of the 1001st Missile Squadron at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Webb's parents are buried at the Arlington National Cemetery.

Webb is descended from Scots-Irish immigrants from Ulster who emigrated in the mid-18th century to the British North American colonies. Webb's 2004 book Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America details his family history, noting that his ancestors fought in every major American war. A 2014 TV documentary on the Smithsonian Channel, also entitled Born Fighting, was adapted from Webb's book and is narrated by him.^[5]

Education

Webb attended more than a dozen schools across the U.S. and in England. After graduating from high school in Bellevue, Nebraska, he attended the University of Southern California on a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps scholarship from 1963 to 1964^[6] (and is a member of Delta Chi).^[7] In 1964, Webb earned appointment to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. At Annapolis, Webb was a member of the Brigade Honor Committee and the Brigade Staff. When he graduated in 1968,^[8] he received the Superintendent's Letter for Outstanding Leadership.^[9] After his medical retirement from the Marine Corps due to injuries received in Vietnam, Webb enrolled in law school at Georgetown University where he earned a Juris Doctor and received the Horan Award for excellence in legal writing.^[8]

Personal life

Webb is married to Hong Le Webb, a Vietnamese-American securities and corporate lawyer. Hong Le was born in South Vietnam and came to the United States when she was seven, after the fall of Saigon. She grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana. They married in October 2005.^[10] Webb was married twice previously, and has four grown children. Hong Le and Jim Webb have one child together, Georgia LeAnh, born December 2006. Webb is also a stepfather to Hong Le's daughter from a previous marriage.^[11] Jim Webb speaks Vietnamese.^[12]

His first marriage was to Barbara Samorajczyk, a lawyer who has worked for various real estate and development companies in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia. She is a member of the Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Council. They have one daughter, Amy, who was eight when they divorced in 1979. Webb and Samorajczyk have three grandchildren.^[13]

His second marriage was to health-care lobbyist Jo Ann Krukar in 1981^[13] who also assisted in his 2006 Senate campaign. They have three children: Sarah, Jimmy, and Julia. Jimmy Webb was a rifleman and sergeant in the United States Marine Corps, and served a tour in Iraq with Weapons Company, 1st Battalion 6th Marines.^[14]^[15] In tribute to his son, Jimmy, and to "all the people sent into harm's way", Jim Webb wore his son's old combat boots every day during his 2006 Senate campaign.^[16]

Military service

After graduating from the Naval Academy, Webb was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps. Attending the Marine Corps Officer Basic School shortly after leaving Annapolis, he graduated first in his class. He was promoted to first lieutenant in the second half of his tour in Vietnam. He served as a platoon commander with Delta Company, 1st Battalion 5th Marines. He was awarded the Navy Cross for heroism in Vietnam, the second highest decoration in the Navy and Marine Corps. Webb also was awarded the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, and two Purple Hearts.^[17] After returning from Vietnam, he was assigned to Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, as an instructor for Officer Candidates School (OCS). He was then assigned to the Secretary of the Navy's office for the remainder of his active duty. His war wounds left him with shrapnel in his knee, kidney, and head. The injury to his knee led to a medical board that decided on medical retirement.

Awards and decorations

In the October 13, 2015 CNN Democratic Debate, when asked, "Which enemy are you most proud of?", Webb stated, "I'd have to say, the enemy soldier that threw the grenade that wounded me, but he's not around right now to talk to."^[19]

In a November 19, 2006 appearance on Meet the Press, Webb told host Tim Russert, "I'm one of these people who – there aren't many of us – who can still justify for you the reasons that we went into Vietnam, however screwed up the strategy got."^[20]

Post-military career

Webb attended Georgetown Law Center from 1972 to 1975, graduating with a Juris Doctor degree. While at Georgetown, he wrote his first book, Micronesia and U.S. Pacific Strategy.^[21]

From 1977 to 1981, Webb worked on the staff of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. During this time, he also represented veterans pro-bono. Webb taught at the Naval Academy and was criticized for a 1979 article published in Washingtonian magazine, titled "Women Can't Fight"^[22] (see "2006 Senate campaign" below). He attended the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit and led the Pledge of Allegiance in the opening session.^[23]

During the Reagan Administration, Webb served as the nation's first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs from 1984-87. In 1987, he served as Secretary of the Navy, becoming the first Naval Academy graduate to serve as the civilian head of the Navy. As Navy Secretary, Webb pushed the appointment of Alfred M. Gray, Jr. as Commandant of the Marine Corps, hoping that Gray could reshape the Corps into the elite unit it once was.^[24] Webb resigned in 1988 after refusing to agree to reduce the size of the Navy. Webb had wished to increase the Navy to 600 ships. As revealed in The Reagan Diaries, President Ronald Reagan wrote on February 22, 1988: "I don't think Navy was sorry to see him go."^[25]

In a 1990 New York Times opinion piece, Webb opposed further U.S. military escalation in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield citing lack of a coherent strategy and consent from the United States Congress. He also warned against a permanent military presence in the Middle East.^[26] Seven months before the beginning of the 2003 Iraq War, Webb wrote an essay for The Washington Post in which he

During the 2004 presidential campaign, Webb wrote an op-ed piece for USA Today in which he, as a military veteran, evaluated the candidacies of John Kerry and George W. Bush. He criticized Kerry for the nature of his opposition to the Vietnam War in the 1970s while affiliated with the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and accused Bush of using his father's connections to avoid service in Vietnam. Webb wrote that Bush had "committed the greatest strategic blunder in modern memory" with the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[28]

Webb supported Nebraska Senator Bob Kerrey's campaign for the 1992 Democratic presidential nomination.^[17] In 1994, he endorsed incumbent Democrat Charles Robb for reelection to his Senate seat, over Webb's former Naval Academy classmate Oliver North; like Webb, both Robb and North were decorated Marine veterans of the Vietnam war.^[29] Webb subsequently endorsed Republican George Allen over Robb in 2000,^[30] and then ran against Allen himself in 2006.

United States Senate

2006 Senate campaign

In late 2005, a campaign to draft Webb to run for the Senate in 2006 began on the internet, promoted by netroots activists such as those at the blog Raising Kaine. On February 7, 2006, he announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the 2006 Senate race against incumbent Virginia Senator George Allen.^[31]

In the Democratic primary on June 13, 2006, Webb faced longtime businessman and lobbyist Harris Miller. Webb won with 53.5% of the vote, in a race with low turnout.^[32]

On August 11, 2006, an incident occurred in which Allen used the word macaca to refer to S.R. Sidarth, who was filming an event as a "tracker" for the Webb campaign. A poll the following week showed Webb gaining 10 percentage points. The race, which at one point looked like a sure win for Allen, became one of the most watched and closest races of the 2006 elections. Webb's entry into the race and primary victory changed the political landscape. Political analyst Larry Sabato said in May that "Jim Webb is George Allen's worst nightmare: a war hero and a Reagan appointee who holds moderate positions.... Allen tries to project a Reagan aura, but Webb already has it."^[33]

On September 7, 2006, Webb released his first television advertisement, which included footage of a 1985 speech by Ronald Reagan that praised Webb's service as a Marine.^[34] The next day, the Chief of Staff for the Reagan Library wrote Webb's campaign on behalf of former first lady Nancy Reagan, urging them not to air the advertisement saying it was neither fair nor respectful because it gave the impression of an endorsement.^[35]^[36] The Webb campaign disagreed, saying, "What Reagan said about Jim Webb, that belongs to Jim Webb, frankly."^[35] The library said they ask all candidates to refrain from using the former president's image but declined to say if they would request the Allen campaign to remove the image of Reagan used on his campaign website.^[35]

Five female graduates of the United States Naval Academy held a press conference, decrying Webb's 1979 article, "Women Can't Fight." The women said Webb's article contributed to an atmosphere of hostility and harassment towards women at the academy. Webb was later endorsed by nine military women who stated that Webb is a "man of integrity" who "recognizes the crucial role that women have in the military today."^[37]

In October 2006, the Allen campaign issued a press release quoting several passages from Webb's novels with sexual content, including graphic references to female anatomy and purported pedophilia, homosexuality and incest, citing a passage in which a Southeast Asian father ritually places the penis of his young son in his mouth. The press release said that the passages showed a "continued pattern of demeaning women".^[38] Allen's campaign refused to tell a local radio news station, WTOP-FM, whether it in fact had issued a news release on the matter.

In response, Jim Webb explained to The Washington Post, "I actually saw this happen in a slum in Bangkok when I was there as a journalist."^[39] According to an article on Raw Story, the conservative website CNS News cited a case in Nevada in which a Cambodian mother was arrested for a similar act. According to the CNS article, an office manager for the Cambodian Association of America confirmed it is a cultural norm in Thailand and Cambodia.^[40]

On November 9, 2006, after AP and Reuters projected that Webb had won the seat, Allen conceded the election. Although the margin was narrow – less than half of 1% of the total vote and therefore small enough under Virginia law to allow demanding a recount – Allen stated that he would not challenge the result.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Senator-elect

On November 15, 2006, Senate majority-leader-in-waiting Harry Reid assigned Webb to three committees: the committees on Foreign Relations, Veterans' Affairs, and Armed Services.^[41]

"That same day, an op-ed authored by Webb appeared in the pages of The Wall Street Journal. Titled 'Class Struggle: American workers have a chance to be heard'. The piece addressed the harmful economic inequality in the U.S., with the elites on one side and American workers on the other side. The article cites the "age of globalization and outsourcing, and with a vast underground labor pool from illegal immigration", as well as extravagant executive compensation, the detrimental effects of free trade and globalization, iniquitous tax cuts, speedily rising health care costs, and stagnation in income as the reasons for the increasing disparity between the elites and American workers.^[42]

Exchange with President Bush

On November 28, 2006, at a White House reception for those newly elected to Congress, Webb did not choose to wait in the line to have his picture taken with the president,^[43] whom Webb often criticized during the campaign. The president approached Webb later and asked him, "How's your boy?", referring to Webb's son, a Marine serving in Iraq. Webb replied "I'd like to get them out of Iraq, Mr. President." Bush responded, "That's not what I asked you. How's your boy?", Webb responded, "That's between me and my boy, Mr. President." The Hill cited an anonymous source who claimed that Webb was so angered by the exchange that he confessed he was tempted to "slug" the president.^[44] Webb later remarked in an interview, "I'm not particularly interested in having a picture of me and George W. Bush on my wall."^[45]

In response to the incident, some conservatives criticized Webb, including George Will, who called Webb a "boor" and wrote, "[Webb] already has become what Washington did not need another of, a subtraction from the city's civility and clear speaking."^[46]^[47] Others, such as conservative columnist and former Reagan speechwriter Peggy Noonan, reserved their criticism for Bush, writing: "I thought it had the sound of the rattling little aggressions of our day, but not on Mr. Webb's side."^[48]

Webb was asked about the exchange in a January 4, 2007 appearance on Hardball with Chris Matthews. He told Matthews:

After his son returned from Iraq, Webb "buried the hatchet" with the president by setting up a private chat with his son, the president, and himself in the Oval Office.^[50]

Tenure as Senator

On January 4, 2007, Webb was sworn into the 110th U.S. Senate, accompanied by Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a fellow former Secretary of the Navy; and former Virginia Democratic Sen. Chuck Robb, who held the same seat before losing to Allen.

On his first day in the Senate, Webb introduced the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act, to expand benefits for military families, which he had written. The act replaces key provisions of the Montgomery G.I. Bill for recent veterans and "makes veterans benefits identical to those soldiers received following World War II". "With many of our military members serving two or three tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is past time to enact a new veterans' education program modeled on the World War II era G.I. bill. This is exactly what our legislation does", Webb said. It became law on June 30, 2008, as part of the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008.^[51]

In a January 4, 2007, appearance on The Situation Room, Webb articulated his position on the Iraq War:

Asked by Wolf Blitzer if he would ever support the efforts of Dennis Kucinich to cut funding for the war, Webb said,

On January 23, 2007, Webb delivered the Democratic response to the President's State of the Union address, focusing on the economy and Iraq.^[53] Webb's speech drew positive reviews, and was regarded as one of the stronger State of the Union responses in recent memory.^[54]

On March 5, 2007, Webb introduced his second piece of legislation, {{USBill|110|S|759}}, intended to prohibit the use of funds for military operations in Iran without the prior approval of Congress. In a statement on the floor of the Senate, Webb said, "The major function of this legislation is to prevent this Administration from commencing unprovoked military activities against Iran without the approval of the Congress. The legislation accomplishes this goal through the proper constitutional process of prohibiting all funding for such an endeavor."^[55]

On March 26, 2007, a senatorial aide of Webb, Phillip Thompson, was arrested for carrying Webb's loaded pistol as he entered the Russell Senate Office Building and for carrying unregistered ammunition. The weapon was discovered when Thompson went through an X-ray machine with a briefcase that contained a loaded pistol and two additional loaded magazines.^[56] Charges against the aide were dismissed after prosecutors concluded it could not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Thompson was aware that the gun and ammunition were in the briefcase.^[57] Webb responded to his aide's arrest by reiterating his support for gun-owners' rights:

2009 visit to Southeast Asia

On August 14, 2009, Webb visited Myanmar (Burma), seeing its junta's leader, Gen. Than Shwe, and also the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest. During Webb's visit with Than Shwe, Webb negotiated the release and deportation of an imprisoned American, John Yettaw.^[59]^[60] Upon his return to the U.S., Webb wrote an editorial titled "We Can't Afford to Ignore Myanmar" for The New York Times, arguing for the easing of sanctions on the country. Webb stated that sanctions have isolated the country, thereby encouraging the ruling regime to turn to China and allowing "China to dramatically increase its economic and political influence in Myanmar, furthering a dangerous strategic imbalance in the region." Webb also noted that, unlike Myanmar, China does not allow opposition parties.^[61] Webb has stated that he started the pivot to Asia during the Bush Administration.^[62]

Webb visited Vietnam as part of a two-week trip to five Southeast Asian countries. Webb, who can speak Vietnamese, has had a continuous involvement in Asian and Pacific affairs that long predates his time in the Senate. In addition to his more recent visits as a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Webb has worked and traveled throughout this vast region, from Micronesia to Burma, for nearly four decades, as a Marine Corps officer, a defense planner, a journalist, a novelist, a Department of Defense executive, and as a business consultant. He worked in the 1990s as a consultant for companies attempting to do business in Vietnam.^[63]

Criminal Justice Commission Act of 2009

On March 26, 2009, Webb filed the Criminal Justice Commission Act of 2009 (SB 714), which would create a blue ribbon commission to reevaluate the criminal justice system and drug policy and make recommendations for reform.^[64] Noting that the United States houses 25% of the world's inmates despite having only 5% of the world's population, Webb proposed a comparison between U.S. incarceration policies and those of other developed nations.^[65] At a United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs hearing, Webb described the criminal justice system as being in "... a profound, deeply corrosive crisis that we have largely been ignoring at our peril." He also criticized the lack of standards in prison administration and highlighted the justice system's negative impact on communities. The subcommittee chairman, Sen. Arlen Specter (D-PA), expressed support for the bill at the hearing and indicated his intent to move the bill to the full United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.^[66] By the end of June 2010, the bill had 39 cosponsors.^[67]

In the fall of 2009, an amendment to SB 714 was proposed by Sen. Charles Grassley (R-IA) that would have prohibited the commission created by the bill from discussing or recommending the decriminalization or legalization of any substance prohibited under the Controlled Substances Act.^[68] The proposed amendment drew criticism from some in the online community. Grassley later rescinded the amendment and claimed in a Des Moines Register op-ed that he had proposed it to "start a debate on this important issue".^[69] SB 714 passed the Senate Judiciary Committee by a voice vote on January 21, 2010.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Retirement from the U.S. Senate

On February 9, 2011, Webb announced that he would not run for re-election for his Senate seat in 2012.^[70]^[71]

Committee assignments

2008 vice presidential speculation

Webb was frequently mentioned as a possible vice presidential Democratic nominee for Barack Obama in 2008 due to his military experience and moderate policy positions.^[72]^[73]^[79]^[74]^[75] Although he said he was not interested in the vice presidency,^[76] speculations about his being picked by Obama, the presumptive Democratic nominee at the time, were still heard.^[77]

On July 7, Webb effectively removed himself as a possible candidate for Vice President in a statement made to Time, stating that he intended to serve his term in the Senate and "under no circumstances will I be a candidate for Vice President."^[78] Obama went on to choose fellow senator Joe Biden as his running mate.

2016 presidential campaign

On November 19, 2014, Webb announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible bid for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016.^[79]^[80] He made the announcement via a video posted on his website, as well as on YouTube.^[81]

On June 15, 2015, Webb announced he would make a decision regarding a presidential bid by the end of the month.^[82]

Webb made a formal announcement on July 2, 2015, through an open letter on his webb2016 website, that he would seek the Democratic Party's nomination for the presidency.^[83]

On October 20, 2015, after failing to gain substantial support for his campaign ahead of the primaries, Webb announced that he would be dropping out of the Democratic presidential race in favor of a possible independent presidential run.^[84] On February 11, 2016, he ruled out making an independent presidential bid.^[85]

On March 4, 2016, Webb stated that he would not vote for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election, but he declined to rule out voting for Donald Trump.^[86]

As an author

Books

Webb's successful first novel, Fields of Fire (1978), drawn from personal experience, tells the story of a platoon of United States Marines in late 1960s Vietnam. Reviewers hailed its descriptions of infantry life and combat.^[87]^[88]^[89]

After five more novels, he wrote Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America (2004), a personal view of Scots-Irish and their place in American history and culture.

Works

Movies

Webb wrote the story and was the executive producer for the 2000 movie Rules of Engagement, which starred Tommy Lee Jones and Samuel L. Jackson.

In October 2006, while commenting on the need to break away from stereotypical movie villains, Webb stated, "[e]very movie needs a villain. Towel-heads and rednecks—of which I am one ... became the easy villains in so many movies out there."^[92]

Articles

Webb is a prolific writer and has written for many national journals including the Marine Corps Gazette, Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute, USA Today, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal.^[93]

Election history

See also

References

1. ^Marine Corps Gazette, Roles & Mission: A Time for Change March 1972 http://www.jameswebb.com/articles/military-and-veterans/roles-missions-time-for-a-change
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=33823&st=&st1=|title=Ronald Reagan: Nomination of James H. Webb, Jr., To Be Secretary of the Navy|website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/political/webb.html|title=The Ancestors of James Webb|last=Reitwiesner|first=William Addams|publisher=WARGS}}
4. ^{{cite book |first=James |last=Webb |title=I Heard My Country Calling: A Memoir |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2014 |page=59 |isbn=978-1476741123}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/sc/web/series/799/born-fighting|title=Born Fighting|work=Smithsonian Channel|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=December 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230043321/http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/sc/web/series/799/born-fighting|archive-date=December 30, 2014|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
6. ^{{cite web| work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000803 |title= WEBB, James H. (Jim), (1946 - ) |publisher=bioguide.congress.gov |access-date=September 15, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Heller|first1=Chris|title=Greek Life: Which Lawmakers Pledged Fraternities?|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/pictures-video/greek-life-which-lawmakers-pledged-fraternities-pictures-20110913|website=Nationaljournal.com|publisher=National Journal Group Inc.|accessdate=May 3, 2015}}
8. ^¹{{cite web|title=EPS Bernard L. Schwartz Syposium:The Economic and Security Future|url=http://www.epsusa.org/events/1114conf/participantbios.htm|publisher=Economists for Peace and Security| date=17 November 2014 |accessdate=3 May 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Senator Webb accepting U.S. service academy applications|url=http://www.progress-index.com/article/20110721/News/307219939|website=The Progress-Index|publisher=Gatehouse Media, Inc|accessdate=3 May 2015}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/02/AR2006110201673_2.html|work=The Washington Post|title=Webb's Wife Steps Into Onstage Role, Denouncing Criticism of Va. Candidate|first=Annie|last=Gowen|date=November 3, 2006|accessdate=May 6, 2010}}
11. ^{{Cite news|last1=Argetsinger|first1=Amy|first2=Roxanne|last2=Roberts|date=December 12, 2006|title=The Reliable Source – For Webb, Good Things Come in Threes: A New Job, Baby and House|work=The Washington Post|page=C03|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/11/AR2006121101582.html}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bornfighting.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131132557/http://www.bornfighting.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=5|archivedate=January 31, 2009|title=About Jim|work=Born Fighting, Political Action Committee: Senator Jim Webb, Chair|publisher=Born Fighting PAC|accessdate=2009-07-22}}
13. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=89xm-0eIfG8C&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306|title=The Nightingale's Song|page=306|publisher=Touchstone|location=New York, New York|year=1995|first=Robert|last=Timburg|accessdate=2010-08-29|isbn=978-0-684-82673-8|format=Paperback}}
14. ^{{Cite news|last=Barnes|first=Robert|title=For Webb, Fighter is a Label that Sticks |work=The Washington Post|date=June 8, 2006|page=Metro B01|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/doc/409984868.html}}
15. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/31/AR2006083101642.html|title=VIRGINIA BRIEFING: Webb Puts Family Before Parade|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|page=B05|date=September 1, 2006|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2006-09-02}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/us/politics/18webb.html|title=As Senator Falters, a Democrat Rises in Virginia|date=September 18, 2006|last=Toner|first=Robin|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2006-10-28}}
17. ^¹{{cite magazine | last = Antle | first = W. James III | date = June 19, 2006 | url = http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/jun/19/00016/ | title = A New Democrat: Jim Webb's populist Senate campaign shakes up Virginia's political establishment | magazine = The American Conservative}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/1_Citations/07_RVN-nc/nc_19rvn_usmcS.html|title=S–Z|work=Full Text Citations For Award of The Navy Cross: US Marine Corps Awards - Vietnam|publisher=HomeofHeroes.com|accessdate=2006-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829180040/http://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/1_Citations/07_RVN-nc/nc_19rvn_usmcS.html|archivedate=2006-08-29}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5IlFlVhBFL8|title=YouTube|website=m.youtube.com}}
20. ^{{Cite news|accessdate=2007-01-04|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15751399/page/2|title=MTP Transcript for November 19: Jim Webb, Jon Tester, Ted Koppel, Robin Wright|work=Meet the Press|publisher=MSNBC|date=November 19, 2006}}
21. ^{{Cite book|title=Micronesia and U.S. Pacific Strategy: A Blueprint for the 1980s |last=Webb |first=James H.|isbn=0-275-08940-1 |publisher=Praeger Publishers Inc. |location=New York |year=1974}}
22. ^{{cite magazine |last=Webb|first=James|date=November 1979|title=Women Can't Fight|magazine=Washingtonian| publisher=Washingtonian Magazine, Inc.|url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/mediapolitics/2182.html|accessdate=2008-03-04}}
23. ^1980 Republican Convention Summary, Day 1 Session 2
24. ^{{Cite book|last=Ricks|first=Thomas E.|title=Making the Corps|isbn=0-684-83109-0|year=1997|location=New York|publisher=Scribner}}
25. ^{{Cite book|title=The Reagan Diaries|last=Reagan|first=Ronald|isbn=978-0-06-087600-5|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2007|page=580}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/23/opinion/in-the-gulf-the-danger-of-a-diplomatic-solution-and-the-horrors-of-a-desert-war.html|title=In the Gulf, the Danger of a Diplomatic Solution ... And the Horrors of a Desert War|last=Webb|first=James|date=September 23, 1990|location=Arlington, Virginia|work=The New York Times|accessdate=January 29, 2010}}
27. ^{{cite magazine |first=Scott|last=McConnell|author-link=Scott McConnell|date=December 4, 2006|url=http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/dec/04/00006|title=Go Webb Go|magazine=The American Conservative}}
28. ^{{Cite news|last=Webb|first=James|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-02-18-veterans-edit_x.htm|title=Veterans face conundrum: Kerry or Bush?|work=USA Today|date=2004-02-18|accessdate=2006-10-29}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Six Veterans Bash North, Push Robb for Senate|first=Kent Jr.|last=Jenkins |newspaper=The Washington Post|location=Washington, D.C.|date=October 8, 1994|page = B.01}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Can the Democrats Handle a Heretic?|first=Joe|last=Klein|magazine=Time|location=New York|date=June 12, 2006|volume=167|issue=24|page=25}}
31. ^{{Cite news|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/07/AR2006020701852.html |title=Reagan Navy Secretary Will Run for U.S. Senate |work=The Washington Post |date=2006-02-08|accessdate=2006-10-29 |page=B05}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sbe.virginiainteractive.org/june2006/d_025.htm|title=Official Results: Primary Election, June 13, 2006|publisher=Commonwealth of Virginia|accessdate=2006-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620015747/http://sbe.virginiainteractive.org/june2006/d_025.htm|archive-date=June 20, 2006|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
33. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191863,00.html|date=May 15, 2006|work=Time|title=Betting on a Novice in Virginia|last=Donnelly|first=Sally B.}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/07/AR2006090701596.html|title=Television Ad Shows Reagan Praising Webb In 1985 Speech|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=September 8, 2006|page=B8|work=The Washington Post}}
35. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/08/AR2006090801720.html|title=Nancy Reagan Asks Webb to Pull Ad With Her Husband|accessdate=2008-05-22|work=The Washington Post|date=September 9, 2006|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|first2=Tim|last2=Craig|page=B01}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/14/AR2006091401583.html|title=Editorial: Let Reagan Be Reagan|work=The Washington Post|date=September 15, 2006|page=A18}}
37. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.washtimes.com/metro/20061017-114853-2578r.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102021546/http://www.washtimes.com/metro/20061017-114853-2578r.htm|archivedate=November 2, 2006|title=Military women support Webb as 'man of integrity'|last=McLaughlin|first=Seth|work=The Washington Times|date=October 18, 2006}}
38. ^{{Cite web|accessdate=2006-10-27 |url=http://www.drudgereport.com/flashaw.htm |archivedate=October 31, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031204746/http://www.drudgereport.com/flashaw.htm |title=Allen's revenge: Exposes Underage Sex Scenes in Opponent's Novels |work=Drudge Report |deadurl=yes |df= }}
39. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.wtopnews.com/index.php?nid=213&sid=956260|title=Jim Webb Defends Content of His Novels|publisher=WTOP-FM|date=October 27, 2006|accessdate=2006-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212041/http://www.wtopnews.com/index.php?nid=213&sid=956260|archive-date=September 26, 2007|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
40. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.rawstory.com/news/2006/Senator_Allen_releases_graphic_excerpts_from_1027.html|title=Senator Allen releases graphic excerpts from Dem challenger's novel|publisher=Raw Story|date=October 27, 2006|accessdate=2016-01-01}}
41. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/story.php?f=1-292925-2358029.php|last=Maze|first=Rick|date=November 15, 2006|title=Webb to serve on key Iraq-related Senate panels|work=Air Force Times}}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110009246|title=Class Struggle: American workers have a chance to be heard|last=Webb|first=Jim|date=November 15, 2006|work= The Wall Street Journal|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106023536/http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110009246|archivedate=January 6, 2010}}
43. ^Webb, in an interview on The Brian Lehrer Show, WNYC, May 21, 2014
44. ^{{Cite news|url=http://hill6.thehill.com/under-the-dome/son-also-rises-in-testy-webb-bush-exchange-2006-11-29.html|title=Son also rises in testy Webb-Bush exchange|work=The Hill|first=Emily|last=Heil|date=November 29, 2006|accessdate=2006-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218102937/http://hill6.thehill.com/under-the-dome/son-also-rises-in-testy-webb-bush-exchange-2006-11-29.html|archive-date=December 18, 2007|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/28/AR2006112801582.html|title=In Following His Own Script, Webb May Test Senate's Limits|work=The Washington Post|first=Michael D.|last=Shear|date=November 29, 2006|accessdate=2006-12-02}}
46. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112901267.html|title=Already Too Busy for Civility|first=George F.|last=Will|authorlink=George Will|work=The Washington Post|date=November 30, 2006|accessdate=2006-12-06}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/01/AR2006120101205.html|title=Remark By Webb Arouses Passions|work=The Washington Post|first=Michael D.|last=Shear|date=December 2, 2006|accessdate=2006-12-05}}
48. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110009321|title=Grace Under Pressure|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=Peggy|last=Noonan|authorlink=Peggy Noonan|date=December 2, 2006}} (subscription required)
49. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16485135|series=Hardball with Chris Matthews|title='Hardball with Chris Matthews' for January 4 – Guests: Jim Webb, Hilary Rosen, Susan Molinari, Trent Lott, Chaka Fattah, A.B. Stoddard, Chris Cillizza|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=2007-01-05}}
50. ^{{Cite news|accessdate=2008-05-11|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/20/AR2008032003421.html|title='Born Fighter' Settles Down To Collegial First Term – Sen. Webb Is a Surprise|last=Kumar|first=Anita|work=The Washington Post|date=March 21, 2008|page=A01}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=H.R.2642 - Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2642|website=Congress.gov|accessdate=10 September 2016}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/04/sitroom.04.html |series= THE SITUATION ROOM|title=Momentous day On Capitol Hill; Some Things May Get Lost In Shuffle Next Week On Capitol Hill; Jim Webb Interview; House Administration Committee Investigating Contested Florida House Race|publisher=CNN|date=January 4, 2007}}
53. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rawstory.com/news/2007/Democratic_response_to_Bush_State_of_0123.html|title=Webb's 'aggressive' Democratic response to Bush 'State of Union' speech [includes transcript of Webb's response]|work=The Raw Story|date=January 23, 2007}}
54. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/blog/2007/01/25/BL2007012500416_4.html|title=The Long Goodbye|last=Kurtz|first=Howard|work=The Washington Post|date=January 25, 2005|accessdate=2007-05-03|authorlink= Howard Kurtz}}
55. ^{{Cite press release|publisher=Senator Jim Webb|url=http://www.webb.senate.gov/newsroom/record.cfm?id=270138|title=Senator Jim Webb Introduces Bill Prohibiting Use of Funds for Military Operations in Iran|date=2007-03-05|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425203636/http://webb.senate.gov/newsroom//record.cfm?id=270138|archive-date=April 25, 2007|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
56. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070326/ap_on_go_co/senate_arrest|title=Webb aide arrested for gun possession|agency=Associated Press|date=March 26, 2007}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/27/AR2007042702138.html|accessdate=2007-05-14|title=Prosecutors Drop Gun Case Against Webb Aide|last=Cauvin|first=Henri E.|work=The Washington Post|date=April 28, 2007}}
58. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17819572/ |title=Gun arrest gives Webb political opening: Virginia Democrat uses incident with aide to proclaim right to self-defense |first=Tom |last=Curry |publisher= MSNBC |date=March 27, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330234819/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17819572/ |archivedate=March 30, 2007}}
59. ^{{Cite news|title=Senator wins release of US prisoner in Myanmar|agency=Associated Press|date=August 15, 2009|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hzXtyPYr-eVVrsJcBLfO_b_Nl3jQD9A3CL8G0}}
60. ^{{cite news |author=Seth Mydans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/17/world/asia/17myanmar.html |title=American Held in Myanmar Is Released |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 16, 2009 |page=A4}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/26/opinion/26webb.html|title=We Can't Afford to Ignore Myanmar|work=The New York Times|date=August 25, 2009|author=Webb, Jim}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/jim-webb-critiques-clinton-era-foreign-policy-116796.html|title=Jim Webb critiques Clinton-era foreign policy|work=Politico|date=April 8, 2015|author=Schreckinger, Ben}}
63. ^{{Cite news|title=TNS Jim Webb thăm Việt Nam|year=2009|publisher=BBC News |language=Vietnamese}}
64. ^{{cite news | last = Smith | first=Jordan|date=March 27, 2009|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/news/2009-03-27/759715|title=Time to Fix Criminal Justice System: Sen. Jim Webb says broken system must be fixed|newspaper=The Austin Chronicle | accessdate = December 5, 2009}}
65. ^{{cite magazine |last=Webb|first=Jim|date=March 29, 2009|url=http://parade.com/104227/senatorjimwebb/why-we-must-fix-our-prisons|title=Why We Must Fix Our Prisons|magazine=Parade|accessdate = December 5, 2009}}
66. ^{{YouTube|TSjrcFn_SBI|Highlights of Judiciary Subcommittee Hearing on Sen. Webbs Criminal Justice Bill}}.
67. ^{{cite web | url = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:s.00714: | work = Bill Summary & Status, 111th Congress (2009 - 2010) | title = S.714: National Criminal Justice Commission Act of 2010 | accessdate = February 27, 2015}}
68. ^{{cite news|last=Crippes|first=Christina|date=November 9, 2009|url=http://www.thehawkeye.com/story/grassley-110909|title=Grassley proposing limits to federal drug study|newspaper=TheHawkEye|accessdate=December 5, 2009}}
69. ^{{citation|last=Grassley|first=Charles|date=November 21, 2009|url=http://m.desmoinesregister.com/detail.jsp?key=560211&rc=op&full=1|title=Guest column: Congress should debate drug policy|work=The Des Moines Register|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20100102041517/http://m.desmoinesregister.com/detail.jsp?key=560211&rc=op&full=1|archivedate=January 2, 2010}}
70. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/campaign-spot/259372/predicted-jim-webb-wont-run-reelection-2012|title=As Predicted, Jim Webb Won't Run for Reelection in 2012|first=Jim|last=Geraghty|date=February 9, 2011|work=National Review|archivedate=October 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020060033/http://www.nationalreview.com/campaign-spot/259372/predicted-jim-webb-wont-run-reelection-2012}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0211/Source_Webb_wont_seek_reelection.html|title=Webb won't seek reelection|first=Ben|last=Smith|work=Politico}}
72. ^{{Cite news|date= 2007-10-28|last=Murray|first=Shailagh|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/27/AR2007102701155.html|title= Webb Seen as a Potential 2008 Running Mate|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2008-05-22}}
73. ^{{Cite news|date=2008-05-22|url=http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11375813|title=Why not both?|work=The Economist|accessdate=2008-05-22}}
74. ^{{Cite web|date=2008-05-22|last=Carlson|first=Margaret|authorlink=Margaret Carlson|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039&sid=aik0SUNrVznA&refer=home|title= Webb's Just the Reagan Democrat Obama Needs: Margaret Carlson|publisher=Bloomberg News|accessdate=2008-05-22}}
75. ^{{Cite web|date=2008-05-22|last=Turner|first=Trish|author2=Oinounou, Mosheh|url=http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/05/22/obama-mccain-spar-over-gi-bills-education-incentives|title=Obama, McCain Spar Over GI Bill's Education Incentives|publisher=Fox News|accessdate=2008-05-22|quote=I will not accept from Senator Obama, who did not feel it was his responsibility to serve our country in uniform, any lectures on my regard for those who did}}
76. ^{{Cite web|date=2008-05-19|url=http://hotlineblog.nationaljournal.com/archives/2008/05/sunday_snapshot_42.html|title=Veep Veep|publisher=National Journal|accessdate=2008-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525102142/http://hotlineblog.nationaljournal.com/archives/2008/05/sunday_snapshot_42.html|archive-date=May 25, 2008|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
77. ^¹{{Cite web|date=2008-05-09|last=Pomper|first=Gerald|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/05/obama_should_pick_webb_for_run.html|title=Obama Should Pick Webb for Running Mate|publisher=Real Clear Politics|accessdate=2008-05-22}}
78. ^{{Cite news|date=2008-07-07|url=http://thepage.time.com/2008/07/07/cross-webb-off-obama-veep-list|title=Cross Webb off Obama Veep List|work=Time|accessdate=July 7, 2008}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/11/president-jim-webb/382977|title=President Jim Webb?|work=The Atlantic|date=November 20, 2014|accessdate=November 20, 2014|last=Berman|first=Russell}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/jim-webb-2016-committee-113055.html|title=Jim Webb launches 2016 committee|work=Politico|accessdate=2014-11-20|date=2014-11-20|last=Haberman|first=Maggie}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/jim-webb-2016-committee-113055.html|title=Jim Webb launches 2016 committee|work=Politico|accessdate=January 22, 2014|date=November 20, 2014|last=Haberman|first=Maggie}}
82. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/jim-webb-decide-2016-run-end-month-31785769|title=Jim Webb to decide 2016 run by end of month|accessdate=June 16, 2015|work=ABC News|date=June 15, 2015}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/jim-webb-announces-2016-presidential-bid/2015/07/02/92ec7168-20e5-11e5-84d5-eb37ee8eaa61_story.html|title=Jim Webb announces 2016 presidential bid|author=Rachel Weiner|date=July 2, 2015|work=The Washington Post}}
84. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jim-webb-quit-democratic-primary-n447736|title=Jim Webb to Quit Democratic Primary|author=Alex Seitz-Wald|date=October 20, 2015|work=NBC News}}
85. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/former-sen-jim-webb-rules-out-independent-presidential-bid/ | title=Former Sen. Jim Webb rules out independent presidential bid | publisher=CBSNews.com | date=February 11, 2016 | accessdate=February 11, 2016 | author=Shabad, Rebecca}}
86. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/jim-webb-no-hillary-clinton-220255 | title=Jim Webb: I won't vote for Clinton, but I may for Trump | work=Politico | date=March 4, 2016 | accessdate=March 8, 2016 | author=Collins, Eliza}}
87. ^{{Cite news|work=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912243,00.html|title=Reviving the Story-Telling Art|date=October 30, 1978}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://augustafreepress.com/clintonistas-eye-jim-webb|title=Clintonistas have their eye on Jim Webb|work=Augusta Free Press}}
89. ^"Hillary keeping an eye on Jim Webb", townhall.com, January 5, 2014.
90. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Micronesia-United-States-Pacific-Strategy/dp/0275089401/|title=Micronesia and United States Pacific Strategy: Blueprint for the 1980s (Praeger special studies in international politics and government): James H. Webb: 9780275089405: Amazon.com: Books|work=amazon.com}}
91. ^¹{{Cite web |accessdate=2007-12-09 |url=http://movies.monstersandcritics.com/news/article_1044494.php/Warner_Bros._drinks_from_Whiskey_River |title=Warner Bros. drinks from Whiskey River |last=Wray |first=James |date=August 29, 2005 |publisher=Monsters and Critics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821232053/http://movies.monstersandcritics.com/news/article_1044494.php/Warner_Bros._drinks_from_Whiskey_River |archive-date=August 21, 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
92. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/17/AR2006101701585_3.html |title=Don't Call Him Redneck: James Webb Hates the Expression, But Is Very Proud of the Culture |last = Copeland | first = Libby |date=October 18, 2006 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=2006-10-21}}
93. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.jameswebb.com/articles/articles_main_page.htm |accessdate=2007-02-03|title=Articles Written by Jim Webb: MAIN PAGE|work=jameswebb.com | publisher = James Webb Enterprises |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070202004623/http://www.jameswebb.com/articles/articles_main_page.htm |archivedate = 2007-02-02}}
94. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/10/AR2006111000191.html|title=Virginia Sen. Allen Concedes Defeat | last=Barakat |first=Matthew |date=November 10, 2006 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=March 13, 2010}}

Early life

Education

Personal life

Military service

Awards and decorations

Post-military career

United States Senate

2006 Senate campaign

Senator-elect

Exchange with President Bush

Tenure as Senator

2009 visit to Southeast Asia

Criminal Justice Commission Act of 2009

Retirement from the U.S. Senate

Committee assignments

2008 vice presidential speculation

2016 presidential campaign

As an author

Books

Works

Movies

Articles

Election history

See also

References

External links

Official

Resources

Articles