| 词条 | John IV, Duke of Brabant |
| 释义 |
| name = John IV, Duke of Brabant | image = John IV, Duke of Brabant.jpg | caption = John IV, Duke of Brabant | noble family = House of Valois | father = Antoine of Burgundy | mother = Jeanne de Saint Pol | spouse = Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut | birth_date = 11 June 1403 | birth_place = Arras | death_date = {{death date and age|1427|4|17|1403|6|11|df=yes}} | death_place = Brussels }} John IV, Duke of Brabant (11 June 1403 – 17 April 1427) was the son of Antoine of Burgundy, Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg and his first wife Jeanne of Saint-Pol. He was the second Brabantian ruler from the House of Valois. Succession as Duke of BrabantJohn was born in Arras, and succeeded as duke of Brabant in 1415, after his father's death at the Battle of Agincourt. However, his succession was not immediately accepted by everyone. The holy Roman emperor Sigismund contested his succession, as he wished to curb the Valois influence (read: the influence of the duke of Burgundy, John's uncle) in the region. John the Fearless, the duke of Burgundy, naturally supported his nephew, as did the States of Brabant. Their joint support prevented a second succession war in the duchy.[1] Furthermore, through their support of John as the new duke, the States of Brabant gained regency over the duchy until the coming of age of the still underage duke.[2] Marriage to Jacqueline, Countess of HainautIn 1418, he married Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut. Jacqueline's supporters hoped that the marriage would provide a protector - in the person of John IV of Brabant - of Jacqueline's inheritance against the claims of her uncle John III. Through their marriage, the counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut and the duchies of Brabant and Limburg were united in a personal union. However, the marriage did not provide the stability sought after by Jacqueline and her supporters and eventually led to estrangement of the couple in 1420. One of the reasons was his incapability to protect her rights in Holland and Zeeland. His attempts in the first year of their marriage, such as the disastrous Siege of Dordrecht (summer of 1418), were insufficient against the force of Jacqueline's uncle, John III. Another reason why their marriage and John's attempts to defend Jacqueline's rights in Holland and Zeeland did not succeed was that John's closest advisors were all part of the Cod faction, while Jacqueline's supporters were of the Hook faction in the Hook and Cod disputes. This meant an inevitable political struggle. Under influence of his advisors, John appointed Jacqueline's uncle, John III, as regent (Dutch: ruwaard) of Holland in 1420. This open support of her uncle caused Jacqueline to flee her husband's court and declared their marriage annulled.[3] After the death of John III in 1425, the county of Holland once again fell to John IV. However, he immediately appointed his cousin Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, as the new regent as well as his heir in case he died without issue.[4] Tensions in the Duchy of BrabantThat John's advisors were of the Cod faction did not only cause friction in John's marriage to Jacqueline, but also caused tensions in the Duchy of Brabant. There was a great discontent amongst the cities and the aristocracy who had been powerful under his father's reign against these powerful advisors.[5] When Jacqueline left her husband in 1420, the States of Brabant sided with her. They appointed John's brother, Philip of Saint-Pol, regent of Brabant. A forceful reaction of the duke against these measures was prevented by the uprising of the Brussels guilds. This meant that, for the time being, John had to bend to their wishes.[6] A reconciliation treaty was made in 1421 and John was restored to his full ducal powers. In return, he expanded the city privileges and the powers of the States of Brabant in 1422, a measure called the Nieuw Regiment.[6] With this reconciliation, the States of Brabant supported their duke in his fight against Jacqueline and her new husband, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. He never accepted the annulment of their marriage, and was post-mortem backed up by the pope in 1428.[7] John died in Brussels in 1427, aged 23, without issue. This meant his claims on Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, as husband of Jacqueline, were transferred to Philip the Good. His duchies of Brabant and Limburg were inherited by his younger brother, Philip of Saint-Pol. LegacyHe is often typified as a weak prince, who was easily influenced by more shrewd and politically able men, such as Philip the Good and John III of Holland. His age and inexperience would have played a major role in this characterization.[8] In 1425, he founded the University of Leuven. Though it was dissolved during the French Revolutionary Wars, it has two successor institutions that are considered to be the oldest universities in the Low Countries, and the oldest Catholic universities in the world still in operation. Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1= 1. John IV, Duke of Brabant | 2= 2. Anthony, Duke of Brabant | 3= 3. Jeanne of Saint-Pol | 4= 4. Philip the Bold | 5= 5. Margaret III, Countess of Flanders | 6= 6. Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny | 7= 7. Maud Holland | 8= 8. John II of France | 9= 9. Bonne of Bohemia | 10= 10. Louis II of Flanders | 11= 11. Margaret of Brabant | 12= 12. Guy I of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny | 13= 13. Mahaut of Châtillon | 14= 14. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent | 15= 15. Joan of Kent | 16= 16. Philip VI of France | 17= 17. Joan the Lame | 18= 18. John I of Bohemia | 19= 19. Elisabeth of Bohemia | 20= 20. Louis I of Flanders | 21= 21. Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy | 22= 22. John III, Duke of Brabant | 23= 23. Marie d'Évreux | 24= 24. John I of Luxembourg, Lord of Ligny | 25= 25. Alix of Dampierre | 26= 26. Jean de Châtillon-Saint-Pol | 27= 27. Jeanne de Fiennes | 28= 28. Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand | 29= 29. Maud la Zouche | 30= 30. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent | 31= 31. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell }}{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Valois|11 June|1403|17 April|1427}}{{succession box | before=Jacqueline | title=Count of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland | years=1418–1427 | after=Philip the Good}}{{succession box | before=Antoon | title=Duke of Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg | years=1415–1427 | after=Philip of Saint-Pol}}{{S-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}} Notes1. ^[https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/14951/Geschiedenis+van+Brabant+Jan+IV.pdf;jsessionid=29DAE302359D08189D6DA2067C49A493?sequence=5 De Brabantse Leeuw sluimert (1356-1430)] in: Geschiedenis van Brabant, van het hertogdom tot heden (2004), p. 164 {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John IV, Duke of Brabant}}2. ^Geschiedenis van Brabant, van het hertogdom tot heden, p. 164-165 3. ^A. Janse, Een Pion voor een Dame, Jacoba van Beieren (1401-1436), 2009, p. 179-195 4. ^A. Janse, p. 238 5. ^Geschiedenis van Brabant, van het hertogdom tot heden, p. 165–166 6. ^1 Geschiedenis van Brabant, van het hertogdom tot heden, p. 166 7. ^A. Janse, p. 279–280 8. ^Geschiedenis van Brabant, van het hertogdom tot heden, p. 167-168 5 : 1403 births|1427 deaths|People from Arras|Dukes of Brabant|House of Valois-Burgundy-Brabant |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。