| 词条 | John W. Weeks |
| 释义 |
|name = John Weeks |image = John Wingate Weeks, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg |office = 48th United States Secretary of War |president = Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge |term_start = March 5, 1921 |term_end = October 13, 1925 |predecessor = Newton D. Baker |successor = Dwight F. Davis |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = Massachusetts |term_start1 = March 4, 1913 |term_end1 = March 3, 1919 |predecessor1 = Winthrop M. Crane |successor1 = David I. Walsh |state2 = Massachusetts |district2 = {{ushr|MA|13|13th}} |term_start2 = March 4, 1913 |term_end2 = March 4, 1913 |predecessor2 = William S. Greene |successor2 = John Mitchell |state3 = Massachusetts |district3 = {{ushr|MA|12|12th}} |term_start3 = March 4, 1905 |term_end3 = March 3, 1913 |predecessor3 = Samuel L. Powers |successor3 = James Michael Curley |birth_name = John Wingate Weeks |birth_date = {{birth date|1860|4|11}} |birth_place = Lancaster, New Hampshire, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1926|7|12|1860|4|11}} |death_place = Lancaster, New Hampshire, U.S. |party = Republican |spouse = Martha Aroline Sinclair |education = United States Naval Academy {{small|(BS)}} |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{flag|United States Navy}} |rank = Lieutenant |serviceyears = 1881–1883 1898 }} John Wingate Weeks (April 11, 1860{{spaced ndash}}July 12, 1926) was an American politician in the Republican Party.[1] He served as the Mayor of Newton, Massachusetts from 1902 to 1903, a United States Representative for Massachusetts from 1905 to 1913, as a United States Senator from 1913 to 1919, and as Secretary of War from 1921 to 1925. Life and careerJohn Wingate Weeks was born and raised in Lancaster, New Hampshire. He received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy, graduating in 1881, and served two years in the United States Navy. He married Martha Aroline Sinclair on 7 October 1885. Weeks made a fortune in banking during the 1890s, after co-founding the Boston financial firm Hornblower & Weeks in 1888.[2] With his financial well-being assured, Weeks became active in politics, first at a local level in his then-home of Newton, Massachusetts, serving as alderman in 1899–1902 and as mayor in 1903–04. He then moved on to the national scene in 1905, when he was elected to serve the 12th Congressional District of Massachusetts in United States Congress.[3] As a member of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate, Weeks made various contributions to important banking and conservation legislation. His most notable accomplishment as Congressman was the passage of the Weeks Act in 1911, his name-sake bill that enabled the creation of national forests in the eastern United States. Despite his defeat for re-election to the Senate in 1918, Weeks remained an active and influential participant in the national Republican Party. He was an early supporter of the nomination of Warren G. Harding for President in 1920, and when Harding became President, he named Weeks to his cabinet. As Secretary of War, Weeks was a competent, honest, and respected administrator and adviser, who guided the Department of War through its post-World War I downsizing. Weeks's hard work and long hours led to a stroke in April 1925, which led in turn to his resignation as Secretary in October of that year. Weeks died several months later, at his summer home on Prospect Mountain in Lancaster, New Hampshire. His ashes were buried in Arlington National Cemetery near what is now known as Weeks Drive.[4] Weeks's son, Charles Sinclair Weeks, was briefly a United States senator from Massachusetts, and was later Secretary of Commerce during the Eisenhower administration. Weeks's cousin, Edgar Weeks, was a congressman from Michigan. His granduncle, also named John Wingate Weeks (1781–1853), was a major in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 and a congressman from New Hampshire. NamesakesWeeks's summer home where he died is now open for tours as part of the Weeks State Park. A nearby mountain was named Mount Weeks in his honor. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a footbridge over the Charles River on the campus of Harvard University in Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts, was named for Weeks and opened in 1927. The John Wingate Weeks Junior High School built in 1930 in Newton Centre, Massachusetts, was named for him. During World War II, the U.S. Navy destroyer escort USS Weeks (DE-285) was named for Weeks. Her construction was cancelled in 1944. The destroyer USS John W. Weeks (DD-701) then was named for Weeks. She was in commission from 1944 to 1970. The investment banking and brokerage firm Hornblower and Weeks, founded in 1888, was named for Weeks and co-founder Henry Hornblower. Weeks Field was named after him.[5]References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000246|title=WEEKS, John Wingate - Biographical Information|website=bioguide.congress.gov|access-date=2016-11-08}} 2. ^Garraty, John A. and Carnes, Mark C.: American National Biography, vol. 22, "Weeks, John Wingate". New York : Oxford University Press, 1999. 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/john-w-weeks-1860-1926/|title=John W. Weeks (1860-1926)|date=2010-03-25|work=John W. Weeks (1860-1926)|publisher=Forest History Society}} 4. ^John Wingate Weeks at ArlingtonCemetery.net. 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Harkey |first1=Ira |title=Pioneer Bush Pilot |date=1991 |publisher=Bantam Books |isbn=0553289195 |page=95}} External links{{Commons category|John W. Weeks}}{{EB1922 Poster|Weeks, John Wingate|John W. Weeks}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Newton D. Baker}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of War|years=1921–1925}}{{s-aft|after=Dwight F. Davis}} |-{{s-par|us-hs}}{{s-bef|before=Samuel L. Powers}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 12th congressional district|years=1905–1913}}{{s-aft|after=James Michael Curley}} |-{{s-bef|before=Jesse Overstreet}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the House Post Office Committee|years=1909–1911}}{{s-aft|after=John A. Moon}} |-{{s-bef|before=William S. Greene}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 13th congressional district|years=1913}}{{s-aft|after=John Mitchell}} |-{{s-par|us-sen}}{{s-bef|before=Winthrop M. Crane}}{{s-ttl|title=U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts|years=1913–1919|alongside=Henry Cabot Lodge}}{{s-aft|after=David I. Walsh}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-new|first}}{{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (Class 2)|years=1918}}{{s-aft|after=Frederick H. Gillett}} |-{{s-ach}}{{s-bef|before=Frank Lowden}}{{s-ttl|title=Cover of Time Magazine|years=October 22, 1923}}{{s-aft|after=Roy Chapman Andrews}}{{s-end}}{{USSecWar}}{{USSenMA}}{{US House Post Office and Civil Service chairs}}{{USRepMA}}{{Harding cabinet}}{{Coolidge cabinet}}{{United States presidential election, 1916}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Weeks, John W.}} 18 : 1860 births|1926 deaths|People from Lancaster, New Hampshire|Massachusetts Republicans|United States Secretaries of War|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts|1916 United States presidential candidates|20th-century American politicians|United States Senators from Massachusetts|United States Navy officers|United States Naval Academy alumni|Mayors of Newton, Massachusetts|Republican Party United States Senators|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|Harding administration cabinet members|Coolidge administration cabinet members|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Republican National Committee members |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。