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词条 1920 APFA season
释义

  1. Formation

  2. Teams and head coaches

  3. Schedule

  4. Final standings

  5. Postseason and legacy

  6. Awards

      All-Pro    Hall of Fame  

  7. Notes

  8. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}{{Good article}}{{Infobox NFL
| year = 1920
| NFLchampion = Akron Pros
| regular_season = September 26 – December 19, 1920
}}

The 1920 APFA season was the inaugural season of the American Professional Football Association, renamed the National Football League in 1922. The league was formed on August 20, 1920, by independent professional American football teams from Ohio, all of whom had previously played in the Ohio League or New York Pro Football League (NYPFL). At the meeting, they first called their new league the American Professional Football Conference. A second organizational meeting was held in Canton on September 17, adding more teams to the league, and at the meeting, the name of the league became the American Professional Football Association. Four other teams also joined the Association during the year. Meanwhile, Jim Thorpe of the Canton Bulldogs was named the APFA's first president but continued to play for the team.

Scheduling was left up to each team. There were wide variations, both in the overall number of games played, and in the number played against other Association members. Thus, no official standings were maintained. In addition, football teams in the APFA also faced independent football teams not associated with the league. For instance, the Rochester Jeffersons played a schedule consisting mostly of local teams from their local sandlot circuit and the NYPFL, not the APFA.

The Akron Pros ended the season as the only undefeated team in the Association. Despite this, two one-loss teams—the Decatur Staleys and Buffalo All-Americans—who both tied Akron that year made cases for a co-championship. At the league meetings in Akron on April 30, 1921, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup for the 1920 season, the only year the trophy was used.

If modern NFL tie-breaking rules were in force in 1920, the Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–1) would have been co-champions with the Akron Pros (8–0–3), as both had a win percentage of .864 and their only game was tied, while the Staleys (10–1–2) would have finished third with .846.

Further, if games against non-APFA teams were excluded, Akron (6–0–3) would still have won the championship with .833, with the All-Americans (4–1–1) and the Staleys (5–1–2) finishing equal second with .750 as they did not play each other.

Of the 14 teams that played in the APFA/NFL's inaugural season, the Chicago Cardinals, now known as the Arizona Cardinals, and the Decatur Staleys, now known as the Chicago Bears, are the only teams that remain in the league.[1]

Formation

Prior to the APFA, there were several other loose, professional organizations; most of the APFA teams were from either the Ohio League or the New York Pro Football League. On August 20, 1920, a meeting attended by representatives of four Ohio League teams—Ralph Hay and Jim Thorpe for the Canton Bulldogs, Jimmy O'Donnell and Stan Cofall for the Cleveland Tigers, Carl Storck for the Dayton Triangles, and Frank Nied and Art Ranney for the Akron Pros[2]—was held. At the meeting, the representatives tentatively agreed to call their new league the American Professional Football Conference, introduce a salary cap for the teams, and not to sign college players nor players under contract with another team.[3][4] According to the Canton Evening Repository, the purpose of the league was to "raise the standard of professional football in every way possible, to eliminate bidding for players between rival clubs and to secure cooperation in the formation of schedules, at least for the bigger teams."[5] The representatives then contacted other major professional teams and invited them to a meeting for September 17.[6]

At that meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, Ohio, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Tigers, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league.[7] Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Thorpe as president, Cofall as vice-president, Ranney as secretary-treasurer.[2][7][8][9] Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played.[10][11] Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.[12]

Teams and head coaches

The APFA had 14 teams that played during its inaugural season.

Team folded this season ^
Team Head coach(es)
Akron Pros Elgie Tobin
Buffalo All-Americans Tommy Hughitt
Canton Bulldogs Jim Thorpe
Chicago Cardinals Paddy Driscoll
Chicago Tigers ^ Guil Falcon
Cleveland Tigers Stan Cofall (3 games) and Al Pierotti (5 games)
Columbus Panhandles Ted Nesser
Dayton Triangles Bud Talbott
Decatur Staleys George Halas
Detroit Heralds Billy Marshall
Hammond Pros Hank Gillo
Muncie Flyers Ken Huffine
Rochester Jeffersons Jack Forsyth
Rock Island Independents Rube Ursella

Schedule

The regular-season schedule was not fixed but was created dynamically by each team as the season progressed.[10][11] The following table was formed by NFL History, which used contemporary newspapers.[13] The first game involving an APFA team occurred on September 26, when the Rock Island Independents beat the St. Paul Ideals 48–0.

The first official game between APFA (NFL) members occurred on October 3, when the Dayton Triangles beat the Columbus Panhandles 14-0. The Triangles' Lou Partlow scored the league's first touchdown and George "Hobby" Kinderline kicked the first extra point. A historic marker placed by the Ohio Historical Society at Triangle Park in Dayton marks the location of that first ever game.[14]

The final game of the season was a 14–14 tie between the Chicago Cardinals and the non-league Chicago Stayms on December 19, 1920.[13] The Decatur Staleys and the Canton Bulldogs played the most games in the season (13), while the Muncie Flyers played the fewest (1).[15] The Buffalo All-Americans scored the most points all season (258), and the Akron Pros allowed the fewest points (7).[16]

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = 1920 APFA teams' roster photos
| width = 200
| image1 = Akron pros 1920.jpg
| caption1 = Akron Pros
| image2 = 1920 canton bulldogs team.png
| caption2 = Canton Bulldogs
| image3=Chicago Cardinals 1920.jpeg
| caption3=Chicago Cardinals
|image4=1920DaytonTriangles.jpg
|caption4=Dayton Triangles
|image5=Decatur staleys 1920.jpg
|caption5=Decatur Staleys
}}
Key
SymbolMeaning
{{Dagger}} Non-APFA team
(numbers in parentheses) Team's win-loss-tie record
Week 1
September 26, 1920
Visitor Score Home Score Location
St. Paul Ideals{{Dagger}} 0 Rock Island Independents (1–0–0) 48 Douglas Park
Week 2
October 3, 1920
Wheeling Stogies{{Dagger}} 0 Akron Pros (1–0–0) 43 Akron League Park
West Buffalo{{Dagger}} 6 Buffalo All-Americans (1–0–0) 32 Canisius Field
Pitcairn Quakers{{Dagger}} 0 Canton Bulldogs (1–0–0) 48 Lakeside Park
Columbus Panhandles (0-1–0) 0 Dayton Triangles (1–0–0) 14 Triangle Park
Moline Universal Tractors{{Dagger}} 0 Decatur Staleys (1–0–0) 20 Staley Field
Muncie Flyers (0–1–0) 0 Rock Island Independents (2–0–0) 45 Douglas Park
All-Buffalo{{Dagger}} 0 Rochester Jeffersons (1–0–0) 10 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 3
October 10, 1920
Columbus Panhandles (0–2–0) 0 Akron Pros (2–0–0) 37 Akron League Park
All-Buffalo{{Dagger}} 0 Buffalo All-Americans (2–0–0) 51 Canisius Field
Toledo Maroons{{Dagger}} 0 Canton Bulldogs (2–0–0) 42 Lakeside Park
Racine Cardinals (0–0–1) 0 Chicago Tigers (0–0–1) 0 Cubs Park
Cleveland Tigers (0–0–1) 0 Dayton Triangles (1–0–1) 0 Triangle Park
Kewanee Walworths{{Dagger}} 7 Decatur Staleys (2–0–0) 25 Staley Field
Cleveland Panthers{{Dagger}} 14 Detroit Heralds (1–0–0) 40 Mack Park
Hammond Pros (0–1–0) 0 Rock Island Independents (3–0–0) 26 Douglas Park
Fort Porter{{Dagger}} 0 Rochester Jeffersons (2–0–0) 66 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 4
October 17, 1920
Cincinnati Celts{{Dagger}} 0 Akron Pros (3–0–0) 13 Akron League Park
McKeesport Olympics{{Dagger}} 7 Buffalo All-Americans (3–0–0) 28 Canisius Field
Cleveland Tigers (0–1–1) 0 Canton Bulldogs (3–0–0) 7 Lakeside Park
Moline Universal Tractors{{Dagger}} 3 Racine Cardinals (1–0–1) 33 St. Rita's Field
Detroit Heralds (1–1–0) 0 Chicago Tigers (1–0–1) 12 Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–3–0) 0 Fort Wayne Friars{{Dagger}} 14 Fort Wayne League Park
Hammond Pros (0–2–0) 0 Dayton Triangles (2–0–1) 44 Triangle Park
Decatur Staleys (3–0–0) 7 Rock Island Independents (3–1–0) 0 Douglas Park
Utica Knights of Columbus{{Dagger}} 0 Rochester Jeffersons (2–0–1) 0 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 5
October 24, 1920
Cleveland Tigers (0–2–1) 0 Akron Pros (4–0–0) 7 Akron League Park
Toledo Maroons{{Dagger}} 0 Buffalo All-Americans (4–0–0) 38 Canisius Field
Canton Bulldogs (3–0–1) 20 Dayton Triangles (2–0–2) 20 Triangle Park
Racine Cardinals (1–1–1) 0 Rock Island Independents (4–1–0) 7 Douglas Park
Decatur Staleys (4–0–0) 10 Chicago Tigers (1–1–1) 0 Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–4–0) 0 Detroit Heralds (2–1–0) 6 Mack Park
Syracuse Stars{{Dagger}} 7 Rochester Jeffersons (3–0–1) 21 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 6
October 31, 1920
Akron Pros (5–0–0) 10 Canton Bulldogs (3–1–1) 0 Lakeside Park
Rochester Jeffersons (3–1–1) 6 Buffalo All-Americans (5–0–0) 17 Canisius Field
Detroit Heralds (2–2–0) 0 Racine Cardinals (2–1–1) 21 Cubs Park
Chicago Tigers (1–2–1) 7 Rock Island Independents (5–1–0) 20 Douglas Park
Columbus Panhandles (0–5–0) 0 Cleveland Tigers (1–2–1) 7 Dunn Field
Cincinnati Celts {{Dagger}} 7 Dayton Triangles (3–0–2) 23 Triangle Park
Decatur Staleys (5–0–0) 29 Rockford A.C.{{Dagger}} 0 Kishwaukee Park
Hammond Pros (1–2–0) 14 Logan Square{{Dagger}} 9 Logan Square Park
Week 7
November 7, 1920
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks{{Dagger}} 0 Buffalo All-Americans (6–0–0) 35 Canisius Field
Canton Bulldogs (4–1–1) 18 Cleveland Tigers (1–3–1) 0 Dunn Field
Racine Cardinals (3–1–1) 6 Chicago Tigers (1–3–1) 3 Cubs Park
Columbus Panhandles (1–5–0) 10 Zanesville Mark Grays{{Dagger}} 0 Zanesville, Ohio
Decatur Staleys (5–0–1) 0 Rock Island Independents (5–1–1) 0 Douglas Park
Hammond Pros (2–2–0) 14 Pullman Thorns{{Dagger}} 13 Chicago, Illinois
Utica Knights of Columbus{{Dagger}} 7 Rochester Jeffersons (4–1–1) 27 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 8
November 11, 1920
Decatur Staleys (6–0–1) 20 Champaign Legion{{Dagger}} 0 Champaign, Illinois
Rock Island Independents (5–1–2) 7 Thorn Tornadoes{{Dagger}} 7 Monmouth, Illinois
November 14, 1920
Akron Pros (5–0–1) 7 Cleveland Tigers (1–3–2) 7 Dunn Field
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–0) 7 Buffalo All-Americans (7–0–0) 43 Canisius Field
Chicago Tigers (1–4–1) 0 Canton Bulldogs (5–1–1) 21 Lakeside Park
Cincinnati Celts{{Dagger}} 0 Racine Cardinals (4–1–1) 21 Chicago, Illinois
Dayton Triangles (4–0–2) 21 Rock Island Independents (5–2–2) 0 Douglas Park
Decatur Staleys (7–0–1) 3 Minneapolis Marines{{Dagger}} 0 Nicollet Park
Detroit Heralds (2–2–1) 0 Fort Wayne Friars{{Dagger}} 0 Fort Wayne League Park
Hammond Pros (2–3–0) 6 Gary Elks{{Dagger}} 7 Gleason Field
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks{{Dagger}} 6 Rochester Jeffersons (4–2–1) 0 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 9
November 21, 1920
Dayton Triangles (4–1–2) 0 Akron Pros (6–0–1) 13 Akron League Park
Canton Bulldogs (6–1–1) 3 Buffalo All-Americans (7–1–0) 0 Canisius Field
Lansing Oldsmobile{{Dagger}} 0 Racine Cardinals (5–1–1) 14 Chicago, Illinois
Toledo Maroons{{Dagger}} 0 Cleveland Tigers (2–3–2) 14 Dunn Field
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–1) 0 Zanesville Mark Grays{{Dagger}} 0 Zanesville, Ohio
Hammond Pros (2–4–0) 7 Decatur Staleys (8–0–1) 28 Staley Field
Rochester Scalpers{{Dagger}} 0 Rochester Jeffersons (5–2–1) 16 Rochester Baseball Park
Week 10
November 25, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–2–1) 0 Akron Pros (7–0–1) 7 Akron League Park
Decatur Staleys (9–0–1) 6 Chicago Tigers (1–5–1) 0 Chicago Cub Park
Columbus Panhandles (1–6–2) 0 Elyria Athletics{{Dagger}} 0 Lorain, Ohio
Detroit Heralds (2–3–1) 0 Dayton Triangles (5–1–2) 28 Triangle Park
Hammond Pros (2–5–0) 0 Chicago Boosters{{Dagger}} 27 DePaul Field
All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks{{Dagger}} (2–1–0) 14 Rochester Jeffersons (5–3–1) 3 Rochester Baseball Park
November 28, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–1) 14 Dayton Triangles (5–2–2) 0 Triangle Park
Cleveland Tigers (2–4–2) 0 Buffalo All-Americans (8–1–0) 7 Buffalo Baseball Park
Decatur Staleys (9–1–1) 6 Racine Cardinals (6–1–1) 7 Normal Park
Thorn Tornadoes{{Dagger}} 0 Chicago Tigers (2–5–1) 27 Cubs Park
Lansing Oldsmobile{{Dagger}} 0 Detroit Heralds (2–3–2) 0 Mack Park
Rochester Scalpers{{Dagger}} 6 Rochester Jeffersons (6–3–1) 7 Rochester Baseball Park
Pittsburgh All-Collegians{{Dagger}} 7 Rock Island Independents (6–2–2) 48 Douglas Park
Week 11
December 4, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–3–1) 3 Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–0) 7 New York Polo Grounds
December 5, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–2) 0 Buffalo All-Americans (9–1–1) 0 Buffalo Baseball Park
Canton Bulldogs (6–3–2) 0 Washington Glee Club{{Dagger}} 0 New Haven, Connecticut
Racine Cardinals (6–2–1) 0 Decatur Staleys (10–1–1) 10 Cubs Park
Columbus Wagner Pirates{{Dagger}} 0 Columbus Panhandles (2–6–2) 24 Neil Park
Detroit Maroons{{Dagger}} 7 Detroit Heralds (2–3–3) 7 Mack Park
Rochester Scalpers{{Dagger}} 0 Rochester Jeffersons (6–3–2) 0 Exposition Park
Week 12
December 11, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (6–4–2) 7 Union Club of Phoenixville{{Dagger}} 13 Phillies Park
December 12, 1920
Akron Pros (8–0–3) 0 Decatur Staleys (10–1–2) 0 Cubs Park
Week 13
December 18, 1920
Canton Bulldogs (7–4–2) 39 Richmond Athletics{{Dagger}} 0 Boulevard Field
December 19, 1920
Racine Cardinals (6–2–2) 14 Chicago Stayms{{Dagger}} 14 Pyott Field

Final standings

{{1920 APFA standings}}

Postseason and legacy

As there was no playoff system in the APFA until 1932,[17] a meeting was held to determine the 1920 Champions.[18] Each team that showed up had a vote to determine the champions. Since the Akron Pros never lost a game, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup on April 30, 1921.[19] The trophy was a "silver loving cup", donated by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company.[20] This decision, however, would arise with controversy. The Staleys and the All-Americans each stated that they should win the award because they had more wins and were not beaten by the Akron Pros.[18] Each player from the Pros was also awarded with a golden fob; this was in the shape of a football and inscribed with "1920", "WORLD CHAMPIONS", and each player's first initial and last name.[21] The Pros did not officially celebrate their championship season until the following year. In October 1921, most of the team was invited to the Elks Club of Akron, which was labeled as "a grand homecoming celebration for the world's champions".[12] Fritz Pollard was congratulated during an Akron Merchants Association of Colored Business Men's meeting.[12]

The Pros were the first team in the history of the APFA to complete a non-modern "perfect season". Only four other teams have since accomplished this feat: the 1922 Canton Bulldogs at 10–0–2,[22] the 1923 Canton Bulldogs at 11–0–1,[23] the 1929 Green Bay Packers at 12–0–1,[24] and the 1972 Miami Dolphins at 17–0–0.[25] In 1972, the NFL changed the rules, so ties count as a half-win and a half-loss.[26]

Even though the Pros were given the trophy in 1920, the league lost track of the event, and for a long time published in its own record books that the 1920 championship was undecided.[27] It was not until the 1970s that the NFL discovered this early vote on awarding the Akron Pros the championship.[27]

Awards

All-Pro

Bruce Copeland, sportswriter for the Rock Island Argus, compiled the All-Pro list for 1920. He used the games played in Rock Island, other newspapers, and his own memory to determine the first-, second-, and third-team All-Pro list. Pro-Football-Reference.com uses this list as the official All-Pro list of 1920.[28] Twenty of the players were from Illinois and thirteen were from Ohio. The Rock Island Independents had the most players on the list (9), and Racine Cardinals had the least (1).[29]

{{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}}
First-Team All-Pro
Player Position Team
Guy Chamberlin End Decatur Staleys
Oke Smith End Rock Island Independents
Wilbur Henry Tackle Canton Bulldogs
Hugh Blacklock Tackle Decatur Staleys
Fred Denfield Guard Rock Island Independents
Dewey Lyle Guard Rock Island Independents
George Trafton Center Decatur Staleys
Paddy Driscoll Quarterback Racine Cardinals
Eddie Novak Halfback Rock Island Independents
Fritz Pollard Halfback Akron Pros
Rip King Fullback Akron Pros
{{Col-3}}
Second-Team All-Pro
Player Position Team
George Halas End Decatur Staleys
Obe Wenig End Rock Island Independents
Cub Buck Tackle Canton Bulldogs
Ed Shaw Tackle Rock Island Independents
Alf Cobb Guard Akron Pros
Harry Dadmun Guard Canton Bulldogs
Shorty Des Jardien Center Chicago Tigers
Al Mahrt Quarterback Dayton Triangles
Norb Sacksteder Halfback Dayton Triangles
Joe Guyon Halfback Canton Bulldogs
Gil Falcon Fullback Chicago Tigers
{{Col-3}}
Third-Team All-Pro
Player Position Team
Bob Marshall End Rock Island Independents
Bob Nash End Akron Pros
Burt Ingwerson Tackle Decatur Staleys
Walt Buland Tackle Rock Island Independents
Brad Tomlin Guard Akron Pros
Ross Petty Guard Decatur Staleys
Freeman Fitzgerald Center Rock Island Independents
Milt Chee Quarterback Chicago Tigers
Ed Sternaman Halfback Decatur Staleys
Frank Bacon Halfback Dayton Triangles
Pete Calac Fullback Canton Bulldogs
{{Col-end}}

Hall of Fame

As of 2012, 10 players have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame who played in the 1920 APFA season. One non-player, Joseph Carr, the owner of the Columbus Panhandles in the 1920 season and league president from 1921–1939, was also elected to the Hall.

{{Abbr|Name|Last name, first name{{Abbr|Team(s)|Team played on in 1920{{Abbr|Year|Year inducted into the Hall of Fame{{0 {{0Ref.{{0
Carr, JosephColumbus Panhandles}}{{0}} 1963 {{0}}[30]
Chamberlin, GuyDecatur Staleys}}1964}}[31]
Conzelman, JimmyDecatur Staleys}}1964}}[32]
Driscoll, PaddyRacine Cardinals
Decatur Staleys}}		1965}}[33]
Guyon, JoeCanton Bulldogs}}1966}}[34]
Halas, GeorgeDecatur Staleys}}1963}}[35]
Healey, EdRock Island Independents}}1964}}[36]
Henry, PeteCanton Bulldogs}}1963}}[37]
Pollard, FritzAkron Pros}}2005}}[38]
Thorpe, JimCanton Bulldogs}}1963}}[39]
Trafton, GeorgeDecatur Staleys}}1964}}[40]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Franchise History|url=http://www.azcardinals.com/history/franchise.html|website=AZCardinals.com|access-date=July 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105212420/http://www.azcardinals.com/history/franchise.html|archive-date=November 5, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web | last=Crippen | first=Ken | date=July 27, 2009 | url=http://www.twobillsdrive.com/buffalo-bills-history/articles/the_rochester_jeffersons_take_the_national_stage_part_1/ | title=The Rochester Jeffersons Take to the National Stage (Part 1) | publisher=Two Bills Drive | accessdate=December 15, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217114444/http://www.twobillsdrive.com/buffalo-bills-history/articles/the_rochester_jeffersons_take_the_national_stage_part_1/ | archive-date=February 17, 2013 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all }}
3. ^PFRA Research (1980), pp. 3–4
4. ^Siwoff, Zimmber & Marini (2010), pp. 352–353
5. ^{{cite journal | title={{-'}}Pro' Football Moguels Form National Body | journal=Canton Evening Repository | date=August 21, 1920}}
6. ^PFRA Research (1980), p. 1
7. ^1 PFRA Research (1980), p. 4
8. ^{{Cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/09/19/113313269.pdf | title=Thorpe Made President | newspaper=The New York Times| date=September 19, 1920 | format=PDF}}
9. ^{{Cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f8MWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OiEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3568,5105560&dq=gridders&hl=en | title=Organize Pro Gridders; Choose Thorpe, Prexy | newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal | date=September 19, 1920 | page=24}}
10. ^1 Peterson (1997), p. 74
11. ^1 Davis (2005), p. 59
12. ^1 2 {{Cite news | last=Price | first=Mark | date=April 25, 2011 | url=http://www.ohio.com/news/searching-for-lost-trophy-1.204246 | title=Searching for Lost Trophy | newspaper=Akron Beacon-Journal | accessdate=June 23, 2012}}
13. ^1 NFL History (2003), pp. 1–7
14. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.daytonlocal.com/blog/community/triangle-park-site-of-first-game-in-the-nfl.asp | title=Triangle Park: Site of First Game In The NFL}}
15. ^{{Cite web | url=http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Past_Standings_2011.pdf | title=Past Standings | publisher=National Football League | page=27 | accessdate=December 7, 2012}}
16. ^{{Cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1920_APFA/ | title=1920 APFA Standings, Team & Offensive Statistics | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=January 2, 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1930s/first_playoff_game.aspx | title=History: The First Playoff Game | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=June 10, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232114/http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1930s/first_playoff_game.aspx| archivedate=June 3, 2011}}
18. ^1 Carroll (1982), p. 3
19. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ohio.com/news/searching-for-lost-trophy-1.204246 | title=Searching for the Lost Trophy | work=Akron Beacon Journal | date=April 25, 2011 | last=Price | first=Mark | accessdate=December 21, 2011}}
20. ^PFRA Research (1980), p. 6
21. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/2010/9/29/medallion-from-nfls-first-champions/ | title=Medallion from NFL's first champions | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | date=September 29, 2010 | accessdate=June 10, 2011}}
22. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cbd/1922.htm | title=1922 Canton Bulldogs Statistics & Players | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=June 10, 2011}}
23. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cbd/1923.htm | title=1923 Canton Bulldogs Statistics & Players | publisher=Sports Reference | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | accessdate=June 10, 2011}}
24. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/gnb/1929.htm | title=1929 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players | publisher=Sports Reference | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | accessdate=June 10, 2011}}
25. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/mia/1972.htm | title=1972 Miami Dolphins Statistics & Players | publisher=Sports Reference | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | accessdate=June 10, 2011}}
26. ^Siwoff, Zimmber & Marini (2010), p. 360
27. ^1 PFRA Research (n.d.), p. 1
28. ^{{Cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1920_APFA/allpro.htm | title=1920 APFA All-Pros | work=Pro-Football-Reference.com | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=April 11, 2012}}
29. ^Hogrogian (1984), p. 1–2
30. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=42 | title=Joe Carr | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame |accessdate=December 26, 2011}}
31. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=44 | title=Guy Chamberlin | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=March 17, 2012}}
32. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=48 | title=Jimmy Conzelman | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=March 17, 2012}}
33. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=60 | title=John (Paddy) Driscoll | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=June 23, 2012}}
34. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=84 | title=Joe Guyon | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=June 23, 2012}}
35. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=85 | title=George Halas | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=March 17, 2012}}
36. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PLAYER_ID=91 | title=Ed Healey | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=December 6, 2012}}
37. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=94 | title=Wilbur (Pete) Henry | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=June 23, 2012}}
38. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PLAYER_ID=242 | title=Fritz Pollard | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=December 12, 2011}}
39. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=213 | title=Jim Thorpe | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=June 23, 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=215 | title=George Trafton | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame| accessdate=March 17, 2012}}

References

  • {{Cite journal|last=Carroll |first=Bob |year=1982 |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-12-119.pdf |title=1920 Akron Pros |journal=The Coffin Corner |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |volume=4 |issue=12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65r52lUNU?url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-12-119.pdf |archivedate=March 2, 2012 |df= }}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Davis | first1 = Jeff | title = Papa Bear, The Life and Legacy of George Halas | publisher = McGraw-Hill | year = 2005 | location = New York | isbn = 0-07-146054-3}}
  • {{Cite journal|last=Hogrogian |first=John |year=1984 |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-01-173.pdf |title=1920 All-Pros |journal=The Coffin Corner |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |volume=6 |issue=1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511105221/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-01-173.pdf |archivedate=May 11, 2012 |df= }}
  • {{cite book | last = Peterson | first1 = Robert | year=1997 | title = Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-19-507607-9}}
  • {{cite web|author=PFRA Research |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Once_More_With_Feeling.pdf |title=Once More, With Feeling: 1921 |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |accessdate=March 11, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126223713/http://profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Once_More_With_Feeling.pdf |archivedate=November 26, 2010 |df= }}
  • {{Cite journal|author=PFRA Research |year=1980 |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-08-038.pdf |title=Happy Birthday NFL? |journal=The Coffin Corner |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |volume=2 |issue=8 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65r56f5pq?url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-08-038.pdf |archivedate=March 2, 2012 |df= }}
  • {{Cite book | last1=Siwoff | first1=Seymour | last2=Zimmber | first2=Jon | last3=Marini | first3=Matt | year=2010 | title=The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010 | publisher=National Football League | isbn=978-1-60320-833-8}}
{{1920 APFA season by team}}{{NFL seasons}}

3 : National Football League seasons|1920 American Professional Football Association season|National Football League controversies
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