“Anorexia (symptom)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Anorexia (from Ancient Greek ανορεξία: 'ἀν-' "without" + 'όρεξις', spelled 'órexis' meaning "appetite")^[1] is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk.

For example, anorexia of infection is part of the acute phase response (APR) to infection. The APR can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls, bacterial DNA, and double-stranded viral RNA, and viral glycoproteins, which can trigger production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. These can have an indirect effect on appetite by a number of means, including peripheral afferents from their sites of production in the body, by enhancing production of leptin from fat stores. Inflammatory cytokines can also signal to the central nervous system more directly by specialized transport mechanisms through the blood–brain barrier, via circumventricular organs (which are outside the barrier), or by triggering production of eicosanoids in the endothelial cells of the brain vasculature. Ultimately the control of appetite by this mechanism is thought to be mediated by the same factors normally controlling appetite, such as neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone).^[2]

Causes

Clinically important causes

Drugs

Other

Complications

Sudden cardiac death

Anorexia is a relatively common condition that can lead patients to have dangerous electrolyte imbalances, leading to acquired long QT syndrome which can result in sudden cardiac death. This can develop over a prolonged period of time, and the risk is further heightened when feeding resumes after a period of abstaining from consumption. Care must be taken under such circumstances to avoid potentially fatal complications of refeeding syndrome.^[8]

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Psyhogeos|first=Matina|date=14 April 2016|title=English Words Deriving from the Greek Language|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1CX4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT159&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|editor=Page Publishing Inc.|isbn=1682134288}}
2. ^{{cite journal |author=Langhans W |title=Anorexia of infection: current prospects |journal=Nutrition |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=996–1005 |date=October 2000 |pmid=11054606 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0899-9007(00)00421-4 |doi=10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00421-4}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1727/|title=Celiac Disease|vauthors=Taylor AK, Lebwohl B, Snyder CL, ((Green PHR))|publisher=GeneReviews®|date=17 September 2015|accessdate=24 September 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/mobileart-emh.asp?articlekey=80651&questionid=7|title=Pinworms in Kids & Adults: Pictures, Symptoms & Treatments Viewer Comments and Reviews: Hypothyroidism - Symptoms - Patients Share Their Knowledge on eMedicineHealth|work=eMedicineHealth|access-date=2017-11-28}}
5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Exton | first1 = M. S. | title = Infection-Induced Anorexia: Active Host Defence Strategy | doi = 10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | journal = Appetite | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 369–383 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9468766 | pmc = }}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Murray | first1 = M. J. | last2 = Murray | first2 = A. B. | title = Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–596 | year = 1979 | pmid = 283688}}
7. ^Home Care After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jáuregui-Garrido|first1=B|last2=Jáuregui-Lobera|first2=I|title=Sudden death in eating disorders.|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|date=2012|volume=8|pages=91–8|pmid=22393299|pmc=3292410|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S28652}}