| 词条 | Anthony Joseph Drexel |
| 释义 |
| image = Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_I_626.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1826|09|13}} | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1893|06|30|1826|09|13}} | death_place = Karlsbad, Bohemia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire | occupation = Banker | spouse = Ellen B. Rozet | parents = Francis Martin Drexel Catherine Hookey | children = 9 | relatives = Francis Anthony Drexel (brother) Joseph William Drexel (brother) St. Katharine Drexel (niece) Anthony Drexel Biddle Sr. (grandson) Anthony Drexel Biddle Jr. (great-grandson) |module = | embed = yes | designation1 = Pennsylvania | designation1_offname = Anthony J. Drexel (1826-1893) | designation1_type = City | designation1_criteria = Business & Industry, Education, Entrepreneurs, Railroads | designation1_date = April, 2005 [1] | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = County | designation1_free1value = Philadelphia | designation1_free2name = Location | designation1_free2value = 48 S Third Street, Philadelphia {{coord|39.94899|-75.14581|display=inline}} | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}Anthony Joseph Drexel Sr. (September 13, 1826 – June 30, 1893) was an American banker who played a major role in the rise of modern global finance after the American Civil War. As the dominant partner of Drexel & Co. of Philadelphia, he founded Drexel, Morgan & Co (later J.P. Morgan & Co.) in New York in 1871 with J. P. Morgan as his junior partner. He also founded Drexel University in 1891.{{sfnp|Rottenberg|2001}}[2] He was also the first president of the Fairmount Park Art Association (now the Association for Public Art), the nation's first private organization dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning.[3] Early lifeDrexel was born in 1826 in Philadelphia to Francis Martin Drexel (1792–1863) and Catherine Hookey (1795–1870). He was the brother of Francis Anthony Drexel, and Joseph William Drexel. He was the uncle of Saint Katharine Drexel. Career{{Main|Drexel, Morgan & Co.|Drexel, Harjes & Co.}}At the age of 13 he began to work in the banking house founded three years earlier by his father, the Austrian-born American banker Francis Martin Drexel.[4] In 1847 he was named a member of the firm Drexel & Company, the original predecessor of what would become Drexel Burnham Lambert.[4] After the death of his father in 1863, Drexel closed the bank's Chicago and San Francisco offices and changed the name of its New York branch from Read, Drexel & Co. to Drexel Winthrop. In 1867 he founded a separate Paris-based banking partnership, Drexel, Harjes & Co., with John H. Harjes and Eugene Winthrop.[4] Three years later, in 1871, at the urging of Junius Spencer Morgan in London, Drexel became the mentor of Junius's troubled son, John Pierpont Morgan of New York, and entered into a new partnership with young Morgan, forming Drexel, Morgan & Co.{{sfnp|Rottenberg|2001}} This new merchant banking partnership, which was based in New York, rather than Philadelphia, served initially as an agent for Europeans investing in the United States. Over the next generation, this partnership assumed the leading role in financing America's railroads and stabilizing and revitalizing Wall Street's chaotic securities markets. The firm created a national capital market for industrial companies— a market that had previously existed only for railroads and canals. To restore investor confidence, Drexel Morgan underwrote the pay of the entire U.S. Army when Congress refused to do so in 1877, bailed out the U.S.Government during the Panic of 1895 and rescued the New York Stock Exchange during the Panic of 1907.{{sfnp|Rottenberg|2001}} With the formation of Drexel, Morgan & Co., Drexel Harjes became the French affiliate of an international banking firm with offices in London, Philadelphia, New York City and Paris that would subsequently become J.P. Morgan & Co. Two years after Drexel's death in 1893, Drexel, Morgan & Co. was renamed J.P. Morgan & Co., one of the original predecessors of what is today JPMorgan Chase. In 1901, the bank financed the formation of the United States Steel Corporation, the world's first billion-dollar corporation, which took over the business of Andrew Carnegie and other companies. Personal lifeDrexel married Ellen B. Rozet (1832–1891), the daughter of John Roset (1794–1870) and Mary Ann Laning (1807–1880). Together, they had the following children:
He was also the grandfather of Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. (1874–1948)[7] and the great-grandfather of Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr. (1897–1961), the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Norway.[8] Drexel died of a heart attack on June 30, 1893 in Karlsbad (in the German-speaking part of Bohemia, Austrian Empire), today Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, at the age of 66, and was buried in Woodlands Cemetery in Philadelphia.[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Pennsylvania Historical Marker Search |url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/PHMCWebSearch/ViewMarker.aspx?markerId=1266 |website=PHMC |accessdate=3 November 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Joseph-Drexel|title=Anthony Joseph Drexel {{!}} American banker|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=White|first=Theo B.|title=Fairmount: Philadelphia's Park|publisher=The Art Alliance Press| location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 1975| isbn = 0879820152 | page=94}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=McDonald|first=Edward D.|author2=Edward M. Hinton|title=Drexel Institute of Technology 1891–1941|publisher=Haddon Craftsmen, Inc.|year=1942|isbn=1-4067-6374-8|pages=4–5}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Times|first1=Special To The Now York|title=A.VAN RENSSELAER, ARTS PATRON, DEAD {{!}} Philadelphia Philanthropist and Sportsman Succumbs to Long Illness at 82. {{!}} PRINCETON LIFE TRUSTEE {{!}} President of the Philadelphia Orchestra Association From 1901 Till Recently.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/07/19/archives/ayanrensselaer-arts-patron-dead-v-____________________-philadelphia.html|accessdate=22 February 2017|work=The New York Times|date=19 July 1933}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=MRS. BRINSLEY FITZGERALD|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/02/13/85211846.html?pageNumber=21|accessdate=10 August 2016|work=The New York Times|date=February 13, 1948}} 7. ^{{cite news |title= The Theater: New Plays in Manhattan |date= December 3, 1956 |work= Time magazine |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,866393,00.html |accessdate= March 17, 2011 }} 8. ^{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Anthony J. Drexel Biddle Dead. Ambassador to Spain Was 64. Envoy and Officer in World War II. Tributes Paid by Kennedy and Eisenhower |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/11/14/archives/anthony-j-drexel-biddle-dead-ambassador-to-spain-was-64-envoy-and.html |quote=Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, ambassador to Spain and for many years one of this country's most distinguished diplomats, died today at Walter Reed Army ... |work=The New York Times |date=November 14, 1961 |accessdate= April 10, 2010 }} 9. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Anthony J. Drexel is Dead. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/07/01/archives/anthony-j-drexel-is-dead-philadelphias-great-banker-stricken-with-a.html |quote=News of His Death Sent by Cable from Carlsbad. He Went There in Poor Health to Spend the Summer. Last of the Sons of the Founder of His House. Known All Over the World as a Financier. A Philanthropist as Well. Connected with Many Gigantic Transactions. |work=The New York Times |date=July 1, 1893 |accessdate=2008-12-23 }} Further reading
External links
14 : 1826 births|1893 deaths|19th-century American businesspeople|American bankers|Drexel Burnham Lambert|Drexel University people|Drexel family|House of Morgan|Members of the Philadelphia Club|University and college founders|Businesspeople from Philadelphia|Burials at The Woodlands Cemetery|American people of Austrian descent|People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art |
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