“African Americans in Louisiana”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

African Americans in Louisiana are residents of the state of Louisiana who are of African-American ancestry.

History

Between 1723 and 1769, most African slaves imported to Louisiana were from modern day Senegal and Congo, many thousands being imported to Louisiana from there.^[1] A large number of the imported slaves from the Senegambia region were members of the Wolof and Bambara ethnic groups. Saint-Louis and Goree Island were sites where a great number of slaves destined for Louisiana departed from Africa.^[2] During the Spanish control of Louisiana, between 1770 and 1803, most of the slaves still came from the Congo and the Senegambia region but they imported also more slaves from modern day Benin.^[3] Many slaves imported during this period were members of the Nago people, a Yoruba subgroup.^[4]

The slaves brought with them their cultural practices, languages, and religious beliefs rooted in spirit and ancestor worship, which were key elements of Louisiana Voodoo.^[3] In addition, in the late nineteenth century, many Afro-Haitians also migrated to Louisiana, contributing to the Voodoo tradition of the state.

During the American period (1804-1820), almost half of the African slaves came from the Congo.^[1]^[5]

Before the American Civil War (1861 to 1865), African Americans comprised the majority of the population in the state, with most being enslaved and working as laborers on sugar cane and cotton plantations.{{Fact?|date=September 2018}}

African Americans left Louisiana by the tens of thousands during the Great Migration in the first half of the 20th century, seeking work and political opportunities elsewhere. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 31.2% of the state's population.^[6]

There are six historically black colleges established in Louisiana. The Southern University System is the first and only HBCU college system in the country.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

See also

References

1. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://tracingafricanroots.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/louisiana-most-african-diversity-within-the-united-states/|title=Louisiana: most African diversity within the United States?|date=2015-09-25|work=Tracing African Roots|access-date=2017-09-27|language=nl-NL}}
2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=RXsBJzA61lcC&pg=PA442&lpg=PA442&dq=bambaras+senegaleses+en+Luisiana&source=bl&ots=7kqASQqG_5&sig=kBbIvvuKQaZ82x448GDAO29FjHI&hl=es&sa=X&ei=YggsUcmoL8WAhQe7toBI&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=bambaras%20senegaleses%20en%20Luisiana&f=false Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion], Volumen 2. Writing by Junius P. Rodriguez
3. ^¹{{cite book | last=Hall | first=Gwendolyn Midlo | year=1995 | title=Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century | publisher= Louisiana State University Press | pages=58}}
4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=HSKsSihlN7IC&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=bambaras+en+Luisiana&source=bl&ots=aODDdO0rMo&sig=dirI1iyVf96uU9-TkRnXqNINwhk&hl=es&sa=X&ei=XQQsUc3DDcaQhQeRw4G4DA&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=bambaras%20en%20Luisiana&f=false Google books: Sybil Kein (ed). 2000. Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana's Free People of Color. Louisiana State University Press.]
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.whitneyplantation.com/the-louisiana-slave-database.html|title=The Louisiana Slave Database|website=www.whitneyplantation.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-09-27}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22000.html |title=Louisiana QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |year=2011 |accessdate=January 20, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119205316/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22000.html |archivedate=January 19, 2014 }}